Imtiaz Hussain is Professor of International Relations in Mexico City’s Universidad Iberoamericana, with recent publications addressing regional integration, democratization, and homeland security. A recipient of several teaching and research awards, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and is from Bangladesh.

• List of IllustrationsList of AbbreviationsAcknowledgements1. Afghanistan & Iraq, Democracy & the United States: Between Rocks and Hard PlacesIntroduction: Of Puzzles, Problems, & Predicaments Nature of the Subject Formatting Interpretations Signifi cance of Subject Organization 2. Hyphenating Democracy: Germany, Japan, & the Confl ict Thesis Argument Theoretical Perspective Democratizing the Defeated: German and JapaneseExperiences in Comparative Light Conclusions 3. Embracing Democracy: Afghanistan, Iraq, & Prior U.S.Considerations Introduction Negotiating Democracy Conclusions 4. Blindfolding Democracy: Blueprinting Ballots FromBullets Introduction Building a Blueprint Actors and Actions From Confl ict to Cooperation Conclusions 5. Sine qua non democracy: Afghan-Iraq Symmetries &C.P.A. as OddballIntroductionA Tale of Two Negotiating TablesConclusions6. Ad Hoc Democracy: Troubled Waters Too Deep,Bridges Too FewIntroductionAfghanistan-Iraq Comparisons & Contrasts Conclusions 7. Constitutional Democracy: Afghanistan’s Paper Tiger &Iraq’s Pigeon Clay Introduction Profi ling Constitution-making Future Prospects: Towards Functional Statehood Conclusions 8. Electoral Democracy: Still the Road Less Traveled By Introduction Elections and Governmental Performances Post-Election Issues and Contentions Contexts and Verdicts Conclusions 9. Conclusions: Damoclean Democracy? A Triple-headed Monstrosity & Mine-fi lled Exits Negotiations-Democratization Approach Substantive Similarities and Differences Theoretical Reprise Bibliography Index

Imtiaz Hussain is Professor of International Relations in Mexico City’s Universidad Iberoamericana, with recent publications addressing regional integration, democratization, and homeland security. A recipient of several teaching and research awards, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and is from Bangladesh.

• List of IllustrationsList of AbbreviationsAcknowledgements1. Afghanistan & Iraq, Democracy & the United States: Between Rocks and Hard PlacesIntroduction: Of Puzzles, Problems, & Predicaments Nature of the Subject Formatting Interpretations Signifi cance of Subject Organization 2. Hyphenating Democracy: Germany, Japan, & the Confl ict Thesis Argument Theoretical Perspective Democratizing the Defeated: German and JapaneseExperiences in Comparative Light Conclusions 3. Embracing Democracy: Afghanistan, Iraq, & Prior U.S.Considerations Introduction Negotiating Democracy Conclusions 4. Blindfolding Democracy: Blueprinting Ballots FromBullets Introduction Building a Blueprint Actors and Actions From Confl ict to Cooperation Conclusions 5. Sine qua non democracy: Afghan-Iraq Symmetries &C.P.A. as OddballIntroductionA Tale of Two Negotiating TablesConclusions6. Ad Hoc Democracy: Troubled Waters Too Deep,Bridges Too FewIntroductionAfghanistan-Iraq Comparisons & Contrasts Conclusions 7. Constitutional Democracy: Afghanistan’s Paper Tiger &Iraq’s Pigeon Clay Introduction Profi ling Constitution-making Future Prospects: Towards Functional Statehood Conclusions 8. Electoral Democracy: Still the Road Less Traveled By Introduction Elections and Governmental Performances Post-Election Issues and Contentions Contexts and Verdicts Conclusions 9. Conclusions: Damoclean Democracy? A Triple-headed Monstrosity & Mine-fi lled Exits Negotiations-Democratization Approach Substantive Similarities and Differences Theoretical Reprise Bibliography Index

Imtiaz Hussain is Professor of International Relations in Mexico City’s Universidad Iberoamericana, with recent publications addressing regional integration, democratization, and homeland security. A recipient of several teaching and research awards, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, and is from Bangladesh.

• List of IllustrationsList of AbbreviationsAcknowledgements1. Afghanistan & Iraq, Democracy & the United States: Between Rocks and Hard PlacesIntroduction: Of Puzzles, Problems, & Predicaments Nature of the Subject Formatting Interpretations Signifi cance of Subject Organization 2. Hyphenating Democracy: Germany, Japan, & the Confl ict Thesis Argument Theoretical Perspective Democratizing the Defeated: German and JapaneseExperiences in Comparative Light Conclusions 3. Embracing Democracy: Afghanistan, Iraq, & Prior U.S.Considerations Introduction Negotiating Democracy Conclusions 4. Blindfolding Democracy: Blueprinting Ballots FromBullets Introduction Building a Blueprint Actors and Actions From Confl ict to Cooperation Conclusions 5. Sine qua non democracy: Afghan-Iraq Symmetries &C.P.A. as OddballIntroductionA Tale of Two Negotiating TablesConclusions6. Ad Hoc Democracy: Troubled Waters Too Deep,Bridges Too FewIntroductionAfghanistan-Iraq Comparisons & Contrasts Conclusions 7. Constitutional Democracy: Afghanistan’s Paper Tiger &Iraq’s Pigeon Clay Introduction Profi ling Constitution-making Future Prospects: Towards Functional Statehood Conclusions 8. Electoral Democracy: Still the Road Less Traveled By Introduction Elections and Governmental Performances Post-Election Issues and Contentions Contexts and Verdicts Conclusions 9. Conclusions: Damoclean Democracy? A Triple-headed Monstrosity & Mine-fi lled Exits Negotiations-Democratization Approach Substantive Similarities and Differences Theoretical Reprise Bibliography Index