John F. Shean, Ph.D. (1998) in History, University of Wisconsin-Madison, is Associate Professor of History at LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York. He has published several articles on religion and politics in antiquity.

"Shean has provided a much-needed monograph on the development of Christianity within the Roman army, the role it played in the conversion of the Empire, and the ultimate Christianization of Europe." - Dennis P. Quinn, California State Polytechnic University, in: Religious Studies Review, vol. 37 nr. 2 (2011)

• List of Illustrations ... ixPreface ... xiAcknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xvChapter One Introduction: The Warrior’s Path to God ... 1Chapter Two Roman Army Religion ... 31Chapter Three Christian Attitudes towards the Roman State, War, and Military Service ... 71Chapter Four Sociology of Early Christianity ... 105Chapter Five Evidence for the Presence of Christians in the Roman Army ... 177Chapter Six The Thirteenth Apostle ... 217Chapter Seven Church and State in the Fourth Century ... 279Chapter Eight The Impact of ‘Barbarization’ on the Roman Army ... 327Chapter Nine Consequences of Conversion ... 369Table 1 ... 409Bibliography ... 415Index ... 439

John F. Shean, Ph.D. (1998) in History, University of Wisconsin-Madison, is Associate Professor of History at LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York. He has published several articles on religion and politics in antiquity.

"Shean has provided a much-needed monograph on the development of Christianity within the Roman army, the role it played in the conversion of the Empire, and the ultimate Christianization of Europe." - Dennis P. Quinn, California State Polytechnic University, in: Religious Studies Review, vol. 37 nr. 2 (2011)

• List of Illustrations ... ixPreface ... xiAcknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xvChapter One Introduction: The Warrior’s Path to God ... 1Chapter Two Roman Army Religion ... 31Chapter Three Christian Attitudes towards the Roman State, War, and Military Service ... 71Chapter Four Sociology of Early Christianity ... 105Chapter Five Evidence for the Presence of Christians in the Roman Army ... 177Chapter Six The Thirteenth Apostle ... 217Chapter Seven Church and State in the Fourth Century ... 279Chapter Eight The Impact of ‘Barbarization’ on the Roman Army ... 327Chapter Nine Consequences of Conversion ... 369Table 1 ... 409Bibliography ... 415Index ... 439

John F. Shean, Ph.D. (1998) in History, University of Wisconsin-Madison, is Associate Professor of History at LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York. He has published several articles on religion and politics in antiquity.

"Shean has provided a much-needed monograph on the development of Christianity within the Roman army, the role it played in the conversion of the Empire, and the ultimate Christianization of Europe." - Dennis P. Quinn, California State Polytechnic University, in: Religious Studies Review, vol. 37 nr. 2 (2011)

• List of Illustrations ... ixPreface ... xiAcknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xvChapter One Introduction: The Warrior’s Path to God ... 1Chapter Two Roman Army Religion ... 31Chapter Three Christian Attitudes towards the Roman State, War, and Military Service ... 71Chapter Four Sociology of Early Christianity ... 105Chapter Five Evidence for the Presence of Christians in the Roman Army ... 177Chapter Six The Thirteenth Apostle ... 217Chapter Seven Church and State in the Fourth Century ... 279Chapter Eight The Impact of ‘Barbarization’ on the Roman Army ... 327Chapter Nine Consequences of Conversion ... 369Table 1 ... 409Bibliography ... 415Index ... 439