Katja Vehlow received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2006. She is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Carolina.

• Acknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xviiIntroduction ... 11. Jews in Andalusia: Oppressed or Living in a ‘Golden Age’? ... 32. Just How Iberian Were Iberian Jews? ... 53. Was There a Medieval Jewish Historiography? ... 6PART ONE: INTRODUCTIONI. Ibn Daud and His Writings ... . 111. Historical-Cultural Setting ... . 112. The Author ... 143. Ibn Daud’s Writings ... 174. Dorot ʿOlam ... 184.1. Sefer ha-Qabbalah ... 184.2. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 194.3. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... . 194.4. Midrash on Zechariah ... 204.5. The Unity of Dorot ʿOlam ... 20II. Sources ... 251. Complications: Shared Use of Texts, Symbols, and Methodologies ... . 252. Jewish Sources ... . 282.1. Ibn Daud and Sefer Josippon ... . 293. Christian Sources ... 314. Islamic Sources ... 37III. The Argument of Dorot ʿOlam ... 391. Modern Readings ... 392. Messianic or Not? Errors, Blunders, and Contradictions in Dorot ʿOlam ... 413. Principles of Political Leadership ... 444. Rome and Its Connections to Iberia ... 505. The Early Church in Dorot ʿOlam ... . 526. The Hispanization of Jewish History ... 56IV. The Early Modern Fascination with Dorot ʿOlam ... 631. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... 632. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 713. The Midrash on Zechariah ... 71V. Preface to the Critical Edition ... 751. The Manuscripts of the Hebrew Text ... 752. Printed Hebrew Editions ... 833. Bilingual Editions and Translations ... 864. The Hebrew Text of This Edition ... . 935. The English Translation and Commentary ... 95Sigla ... 96PART TWO: DOROT ʿOLAMThe Chronicle of Rome from the Day of its Foundation to the Rise of the Kingdom of Ishmael ... 981. The Beginnings of Rome until Brutus ... 982. The Reign of Julius Caesar ... 1023. From Augustus to Hadrian ... . 1044. The Rebellion of the Sons of Koziva ... 1105. From Hadrian to Diocletian ... 1126. The Emergence of Christianity ... 1207. The Christianization of Spain ... 1248. The Rise of Islam and Christianity in Spain ... 128The History of the Kings of Israel in the Second Temple Period ... 1321. Introductory Remarks ... 1322. Alexander the Great ... 1343. Ptolemy and the Septuagint ... 1364. The Early Rule of Antiochus ... 1445. The Beginning of the Maccabean Revolt ... 1486. The Purification of the Temple ... 1527. Judah ben Mattathias Fights Antiochus ... 1548. Death of Antiochus ... 1589. Dedication of the Temple ... 15810. More Wars ... 16011. Eleazar Dies ... 16212. Judah’s Treaty with Nicanor ... 16413. Death of King Judah ... 16614. The Rule of Jonathan and Simon ... . 16815. Hyrcanus and Ptolemy ... 17216. Hyrcanus and Antiochus Pius ... 17417. Hyrcanus and the Cutheans ... 17618. Hyrcanus and the Pharisees ... 18019. Aristobulus the First ... . 18420. Alexander Yannai and the Pharisees ... 18621. Alexander’s Death ... 19222. The Rule of Alexandra ... 19623. The Death of Alexandra ... 19824. Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II ... 20025. The Rise of Antipater I ... 20226. Hyrcanus and Ḥoni ha-Meʿaggel (the Circle-Drawer) ... 20627. Popmey [Pompey] and Aristobulus ... 20828. Hyrcanus and Antipater ... 21029. Popmey [Pompey] Conquers Jerusalem ... 21230. Hyrcanus Fights Alexander and Gabinius ... 21431. Aristobulus Fights Gabinius ... 21632. Julius Caesar ... 21833. The Death of Aristobulus ... 22034. Herod and Hezekiah ... . 22235. Herod before the Sanhedrin ... 22236. The Death of Julius Caesar ... . 22437. The Intrigues of Herod and Antigonus ... . 22638. Herod ben Antipater and Mark Antony ... 22839. Herod Defends the Temple and Assassinates Antigonus ... . 23040. Hyrcanus Returns to Jerusalem ... 23241. Hyrcanus’ Death ... 23442. Aristobulus and Alexandra ... . 23843. The Death of Aristobulus ... 24044. Herod and Octavian Augustus ... 24445. Herod and Mariamne ... 24846. Mariamne’s Death ... 25047. Herod Rebuilds the Temple ... 25248. Herod and His Sons Alexander and Aristobulus ... 25849. Herod and Alexander before Octavian Augustus ... 25850. Antipater’s Intrigue ... 26251. Archelaus Reconciles Herod with Alexander and Pheroras ... 26452. The Death of Alexander and Aristobulus ... 26653. Herod and His Grandsons ... 26854. Antipater and Pheroras ... 27055. The Trial of Antipater ... 27456. Herod’s Death ... 27857. The Burial of Herod ... 28258. Archelaus and Antipater ... 28659. Agrippa and the Beginnings of the Revolt against Rome ... . 28860. The Death of Simon of Scythopolis ... 29261. Agrippa and Cestius ... 29462. Beginning of the Siege of Jerusalem and Vespasian and Titus’Invasion ... 29663. Joseph ben Gorion and His Wars in the North ... 30064. Vespasian and Titus in the Galilee ... 30265. Johanan the Galilean and the Fighting in Jerusalem ... 30466. Zechariah and Gorion ... 30867. Vespasian and Josephus in Rome ... 31068. The Division of Jerusalem ... 31269. Titus before the Gates Jerusalem ... . 31670. Titus and Cantor ... 31871. Hunger in Jerusalem ... . 32072. The Slaughter of the Innocent ... 32273. The Suffering of the Jerusalemites ... 32474. The Greek Attempt to Take Jerusalem ... . 32875. The Conquest of Jerusalem ... 33076. The Struggle for the Temple ... 33077. The Destruction of the Temple ... 33478. Simon and Johanan before Titus ... . 33879. Masada ... 34280. After the War: Rabban Johanan ben Zakkai and Rabban Gamaliel ... . 34481. Epilogue ... 346The Midrash on Zechariah ... 348Bibliography ... 3591. Manuscripts ... 3592. Editions of Ibn Daud’s Works ... 3593. Other Primary Sources ... 3614. Secondary Sources ... 366Index of Primary Texts ... 385General Index ... 396

Katja Vehlow received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2006. She is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Carolina.

• Acknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xviiIntroduction ... 11. Jews in Andalusia: Oppressed or Living in a ‘Golden Age’? ... 32. Just How Iberian Were Iberian Jews? ... 53. Was There a Medieval Jewish Historiography? ... 6PART ONE: INTRODUCTIONI. Ibn Daud and His Writings ... . 111. Historical-Cultural Setting ... . 112. The Author ... 143. Ibn Daud’s Writings ... 174. Dorot ʿOlam ... 184.1. Sefer ha-Qabbalah ... 184.2. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 194.3. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... . 194.4. Midrash on Zechariah ... 204.5. The Unity of Dorot ʿOlam ... 20II. Sources ... 251. Complications: Shared Use of Texts, Symbols, and Methodologies ... . 252. Jewish Sources ... . 282.1. Ibn Daud and Sefer Josippon ... . 293. Christian Sources ... 314. Islamic Sources ... 37III. The Argument of Dorot ʿOlam ... 391. Modern Readings ... 392. Messianic or Not? Errors, Blunders, and Contradictions in Dorot ʿOlam ... 413. Principles of Political Leadership ... 444. Rome and Its Connections to Iberia ... 505. The Early Church in Dorot ʿOlam ... . 526. The Hispanization of Jewish History ... 56IV. The Early Modern Fascination with Dorot ʿOlam ... 631. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... 632. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 713. The Midrash on Zechariah ... 71V. Preface to the Critical Edition ... 751. The Manuscripts of the Hebrew Text ... 752. Printed Hebrew Editions ... 833. Bilingual Editions and Translations ... 864. The Hebrew Text of This Edition ... . 935. The English Translation and Commentary ... 95Sigla ... 96PART TWO: DOROT ʿOLAMThe Chronicle of Rome from the Day of its Foundation to the Rise of the Kingdom of Ishmael ... 981. The Beginnings of Rome until Brutus ... 982. The Reign of Julius Caesar ... 1023. From Augustus to Hadrian ... . 1044. The Rebellion of the Sons of Koziva ... 1105. From Hadrian to Diocletian ... 1126. The Emergence of Christianity ... 1207. The Christianization of Spain ... 1248. The Rise of Islam and Christianity in Spain ... 128The History of the Kings of Israel in the Second Temple Period ... 1321. Introductory Remarks ... 1322. Alexander the Great ... 1343. Ptolemy and the Septuagint ... 1364. The Early Rule of Antiochus ... 1445. The Beginning of the Maccabean Revolt ... 1486. The Purification of the Temple ... 1527. Judah ben Mattathias Fights Antiochus ... 1548. Death of Antiochus ... 1589. Dedication of the Temple ... 15810. More Wars ... 16011. Eleazar Dies ... 16212. Judah’s Treaty with Nicanor ... 16413. Death of King Judah ... 16614. The Rule of Jonathan and Simon ... . 16815. Hyrcanus and Ptolemy ... 17216. Hyrcanus and Antiochus Pius ... 17417. Hyrcanus and the Cutheans ... 17618. Hyrcanus and the Pharisees ... 18019. Aristobulus the First ... . 18420. Alexander Yannai and the Pharisees ... 18621. Alexander’s Death ... 19222. The Rule of Alexandra ... 19623. The Death of Alexandra ... 19824. Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II ... 20025. The Rise of Antipater I ... 20226. Hyrcanus and Ḥoni ha-Meʿaggel (the Circle-Drawer) ... 20627. Popmey [Pompey] and Aristobulus ... 20828. Hyrcanus and Antipater ... 21029. Popmey [Pompey] Conquers Jerusalem ... 21230. Hyrcanus Fights Alexander and Gabinius ... 21431. Aristobulus Fights Gabinius ... 21632. Julius Caesar ... 21833. The Death of Aristobulus ... 22034. Herod and Hezekiah ... . 22235. Herod before the Sanhedrin ... 22236. The Death of Julius Caesar ... . 22437. The Intrigues of Herod and Antigonus ... . 22638. Herod ben Antipater and Mark Antony ... 22839. Herod Defends the Temple and Assassinates Antigonus ... . 23040. Hyrcanus Returns to Jerusalem ... 23241. Hyrcanus’ Death ... 23442. Aristobulus and Alexandra ... . 23843. The Death of Aristobulus ... 24044. Herod and Octavian Augustus ... 24445. Herod and Mariamne ... 24846. Mariamne’s Death ... 25047. Herod Rebuilds the Temple ... 25248. Herod and His Sons Alexander and Aristobulus ... 25849. Herod and Alexander before Octavian Augustus ... 25850. Antipater’s Intrigue ... 26251. Archelaus Reconciles Herod with Alexander and Pheroras ... 26452. The Death of Alexander and Aristobulus ... 26653. Herod and His Grandsons ... 26854. Antipater and Pheroras ... 27055. The Trial of Antipater ... 27456. Herod’s Death ... 27857. The Burial of Herod ... 28258. Archelaus and Antipater ... 28659. Agrippa and the Beginnings of the Revolt against Rome ... . 28860. The Death of Simon of Scythopolis ... 29261. Agrippa and Cestius ... 29462. Beginning of the Siege of Jerusalem and Vespasian and Titus’Invasion ... 29663. Joseph ben Gorion and His Wars in the North ... 30064. Vespasian and Titus in the Galilee ... 30265. Johanan the Galilean and the Fighting in Jerusalem ... 30466. Zechariah and Gorion ... 30867. Vespasian and Josephus in Rome ... 31068. The Division of Jerusalem ... 31269. Titus before the Gates Jerusalem ... . 31670. Titus and Cantor ... 31871. Hunger in Jerusalem ... . 32072. The Slaughter of the Innocent ... 32273. The Suffering of the Jerusalemites ... 32474. The Greek Attempt to Take Jerusalem ... . 32875. The Conquest of Jerusalem ... 33076. The Struggle for the Temple ... 33077. The Destruction of the Temple ... 33478. Simon and Johanan before Titus ... . 33879. Masada ... 34280. After the War: Rabban Johanan ben Zakkai and Rabban Gamaliel ... . 34481. Epilogue ... 346The Midrash on Zechariah ... 348Bibliography ... 3591. Manuscripts ... 3592. Editions of Ibn Daud’s Works ... 3593. Other Primary Sources ... 3614. Secondary Sources ... 366Index of Primary Texts ... 385General Index ... 396

Katja Vehlow received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2006. She is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Carolina.

• Acknowledgements ... xiiiAbbreviations ... xviiIntroduction ... 11. Jews in Andalusia: Oppressed or Living in a ‘Golden Age’? ... 32. Just How Iberian Were Iberian Jews? ... 53. Was There a Medieval Jewish Historiography? ... 6PART ONE: INTRODUCTIONI. Ibn Daud and His Writings ... . 111. Historical-Cultural Setting ... . 112. The Author ... 143. Ibn Daud’s Writings ... 174. Dorot ʿOlam ... 184.1. Sefer ha-Qabbalah ... 184.2. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 194.3. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... . 194.4. Midrash on Zechariah ... 204.5. The Unity of Dorot ʿOlam ... 20II. Sources ... 251. Complications: Shared Use of Texts, Symbols, and Methodologies ... . 252. Jewish Sources ... . 282.1. Ibn Daud and Sefer Josippon ... . 293. Christian Sources ... 314. Islamic Sources ... 37III. The Argument of Dorot ʿOlam ... 391. Modern Readings ... 392. Messianic or Not? Errors, Blunders, and Contradictions in Dorot ʿOlam ... 413. Principles of Political Leadership ... 444. Rome and Its Connections to Iberia ... 505. The Early Church in Dorot ʿOlam ... . 526. The Hispanization of Jewish History ... 56IV. The Early Modern Fascination with Dorot ʿOlam ... 631. Divrey Malkhey Yisraʾel ... 632. Zikhron Divrey Romi ... 713. The Midrash on Zechariah ... 71V. Preface to the Critical Edition ... 751. The Manuscripts of the Hebrew Text ... 752. Printed Hebrew Editions ... 833. Bilingual Editions and Translations ... 864. The Hebrew Text of This Edition ... . 935. The English Translation and Commentary ... 95Sigla ... 96PART TWO: DOROT ʿOLAMThe Chronicle of Rome from the Day of its Foundation to the Rise of the Kingdom of Ishmael ... 981. The Beginnings of Rome until Brutus ... 982. The Reign of Julius Caesar ... 1023. From Augustus to Hadrian ... . 1044. The Rebellion of the Sons of Koziva ... 1105. From Hadrian to Diocletian ... 1126. The Emergence of Christianity ... 1207. The Christianization of Spain ... 1248. The Rise of Islam and Christianity in Spain ... 128The History of the Kings of Israel in the Second Temple Period ... 1321. Introductory Remarks ... 1322. Alexander the Great ... 1343. Ptolemy and the Septuagint ... 1364. The Early Rule of Antiochus ... 1445. The Beginning of the Maccabean Revolt ... 1486. The Purification of the Temple ... 1527. Judah ben Mattathias Fights Antiochus ... 1548. Death of Antiochus ... 1589. Dedication of the Temple ... 15810. More Wars ... 16011. Eleazar Dies ... 16212. Judah’s Treaty with Nicanor ... 16413. Death of King Judah ... 16614. The Rule of Jonathan and Simon ... . 16815. Hyrcanus and Ptolemy ... 17216. Hyrcanus and Antiochus Pius ... 17417. Hyrcanus and the Cutheans ... 17618. Hyrcanus and the Pharisees ... 18019. Aristobulus the First ... . 18420. Alexander Yannai and the Pharisees ... 18621. Alexander’s Death ... 19222. The Rule of Alexandra ... 19623. The Death of Alexandra ... 19824. Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II ... 20025. The Rise of Antipater I ... 20226. Hyrcanus and Ḥoni ha-Meʿaggel (the Circle-Drawer) ... 20627. Popmey [Pompey] and Aristobulus ... 20828. Hyrcanus and Antipater ... 21029. Popmey [Pompey] Conquers Jerusalem ... 21230. Hyrcanus Fights Alexander and Gabinius ... 21431. Aristobulus Fights Gabinius ... 21632. Julius Caesar ... 21833. The Death of Aristobulus ... 22034. Herod and Hezekiah ... . 22235. Herod before the Sanhedrin ... 22236. The Death of Julius Caesar ... . 22437. The Intrigues of Herod and Antigonus ... . 22638. Herod ben Antipater and Mark Antony ... 22839. Herod Defends the Temple and Assassinates Antigonus ... . 23040. Hyrcanus Returns to Jerusalem ... 23241. Hyrcanus’ Death ... 23442. Aristobulus and Alexandra ... . 23843. The Death of Aristobulus ... 24044. Herod and Octavian Augustus ... 24445. Herod and Mariamne ... 24846. Mariamne’s Death ... 25047. Herod Rebuilds the Temple ... 25248. Herod and His Sons Alexander and Aristobulus ... 25849. Herod and Alexander before Octavian Augustus ... 25850. Antipater’s Intrigue ... 26251. Archelaus Reconciles Herod with Alexander and Pheroras ... 26452. The Death of Alexander and Aristobulus ... 26653. Herod and His Grandsons ... 26854. Antipater and Pheroras ... 27055. The Trial of Antipater ... 27456. Herod’s Death ... 27857. The Burial of Herod ... 28258. Archelaus and Antipater ... 28659. Agrippa and the Beginnings of the Revolt against Rome ... . 28860. The Death of Simon of Scythopolis ... 29261. Agrippa and Cestius ... 29462. Beginning of the Siege of Jerusalem and Vespasian and Titus’Invasion ... 29663. Joseph ben Gorion and His Wars in the North ... 30064. Vespasian and Titus in the Galilee ... 30265. Johanan the Galilean and the Fighting in Jerusalem ... 30466. Zechariah and Gorion ... 30867. Vespasian and Josephus in Rome ... 31068. The Division of Jerusalem ... 31269. Titus before the Gates Jerusalem ... . 31670. Titus and Cantor ... 31871. Hunger in Jerusalem ... . 32072. The Slaughter of the Innocent ... 32273. The Suffering of the Jerusalemites ... 32474. The Greek Attempt to Take Jerusalem ... . 32875. The Conquest of Jerusalem ... 33076. The Struggle for the Temple ... 33077. The Destruction of the Temple ... 33478. Simon and Johanan before Titus ... . 33879. Masada ... 34280. After the War: Rabban Johanan ben Zakkai and Rabban Gamaliel ... . 34481. Epilogue ... 346The Midrash on Zechariah ... 348Bibliography ... 3591. Manuscripts ... 3592. Editions of Ibn Daud’s Works ... 3593. Other Primary Sources ... 3614. Secondary Sources ... 366Index of Primary Texts ... 385General Index ... 396