Grammar of Giziga

Erin Shay is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the University of Colorado Boulder. She is the author/co-author of grammars of four Chadic languages and many books and papers concerning linguistic forms and functions.

• AcknowledgmentsList of TablesAbbreviations1 The Giziga Language1 Name, Classification, and Geographical Location2 Existing Literature3 Data Sources4 Notes on Data and Transcription5 Outline of the Grammar6 Conclusion2 Phonology1 Introduction2 Consonants3 Vowels4 Syllable Structures and Syllabification5 Phonotactics6 Tone7 Conclusions3 Verbs1 Introduction2 The Nature of the Underlying Form3 Structural Classes of Verbs4 Tone in the Verbal Piece5 Monosyllabic Verbs6 Bisyllabic Verbs7 Deriving the Infinitive Stem8 Deriving the Participial Stem9 Conclusions4 Nouns, Pronouns and Noun Phrases1 Introduction2 Phonology of Nouns3 Vowel-Final Nouns4 Glide-Final Nouns5 Consonant-Final Nouns6 Derived Nouns7 Semantic Categories of Nouns8 Conjoining Noun Phrases9 Independent Pronouns10 The Noun Phrase11 Modifying Constructions12 Number in the Noun Phrase13 Conclusions5 Coding Grammatical Relations1 Introduction2 Subject3 Object Suffixes4 Classes of Verbs5 Conclusions6 Coding Semantic Relations1 Introduction2 Default Semantic Roles3 Conclusions7 Tense and Aspect1 Introduction2 Perfective Aspect3 Imperfective Aspect4 Progressive Aspect5 Frequentative Aspect6 Past Tense7 Future Tense8 Conclusions8 Marking the End of the Event1 Introduction2 Form and Distribution of the End-of-Event Marker3 Conclusions9 Modality1 Introduction2 Deontic Modality3 Hypothetical Modality4 Coding Pretense5 Doubt in Truth6 The Modal Particle gú ‘be able to’7 Conclusions10 Locative Predication1 Introduction2 Locative Verbs3 Ventive Extension -áwà4 Stative Predications5 Prepositions6 Spatial Specifiers7 Cardinal Directions8 Serial Verb Constructions9 Conclusions11 Verbless Clauses1 Introduction2 Identificational Clauses3 Attributive Clauses4 Existential Clauses5 Possessive Clauses6 Temporal Distinctions in the Verbless Clause7 Conclusions12 System of Reference1 Introduction2 Anaphoric Reference to Participants3 Remote Previous Mention4 Referential Object Clitic =a5 Anaphoric Reference to Location, Time, and Events6 Deictic Reference to Participants7 Unspecified Referent8 Conclusions13 Interrogatives1 Introduction2 Polar Interrogatives3 Disjunctive Questions: X or Y?4 Content Interrogatives5 Questions in the Domain de dicto6 Conclusions14 Negative Predication1 Introduction2 Negating the Verbless Clause3 Negation in the Verbal Clause4 Coding Tense in the Negative Clause5 Negating the Non-referential Subject6 Conclusions15 Topics and Topicalization1 Introduction2 Topicalized Subject3 Topicalized Direct Object4 Topicalized Indirect Object5 Other Topicalized Constituents6 Non-constituent Topic7 Shift in Topic8 Conclusions16 Contrastive Focus1 Introduction2 Focused Subject3 Focused Object4 Focused Predicate5 Contrastive Focus on Other Constituents6 Conclusions17 Conjoining Clauses1 Introduction2 Parataxis (Asyndetic Conjunction)3 The Conjunction páɗ4 Sequential Conjunction5 Conjoining Affirmative and Negative Clauses6 Conclusions18 Complement Clauses1 Introduction2 Comment on a Noun Phrase3 Comment on an Adjunct4 Comment on the Protasis5 Comment on the Purpose Clause6 Comment on the Matrix Clause7 Comment on a Complete Clause8 Interrogative as Comment9 Conclusions19 Relative Clauses1 Introduction2 Form of the Relative Clause3 Tense and Aspect in the Relative Clause4 Coding the Role of the Relativized Constituent5 Conclusions20 Conditional and Temporal Constructions1 Introduction2 Conditional/Temporal Protasis3 Conclusions21 Complementation1 Introduction2 Complements of Verbs3 Conclusions22 Coding Purpose and Reason1 Introduction2 Irrealis Purpose Adjuncts3 Reason Phrases4 Conclusions23 Comparative Constructions1 Introduction2 Equal Comparison3 Unequal Comparison4 Conclusions24 Adjuncts1 Introduction2 Temporal Adjuncts3 Manner Adjuncts4 Interjections and Terms of Address5 Intensifiers6 Ideophones7 Conclusions25 Sample Texts1 Introduction2 The Story of Kay and Her Brother Gòló (Narrated by Saini Sikoua in 2006)3 A History of Muturua (Narrated by Saini Sikoua in 2007)Appendix 1: A Compilation of TablesAppendix 2: A Summary of Morphological Forms and FunctionsGiziga-English LexiconEnglish-Giziga LexiconReferencesIndex