Letizia Cerqueglini, Ph.D. (2014), University of Pisa and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, is a lecturer in the Department of Hebrew Language and Semitic Linguistics at Tel Aviv University. Her interests focus on the relationship between language, cognition, and culture, especially in multilingual contexts, in the ancient and contemporary Semitic world.

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of TablesReading ConventionsIntroduction1 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time and a Linguist in the Field1 General Overview2 Negev Arabic: Tribes and Linguistic Varieties3 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ4 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Narration of the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Šēḫ Ḥāğğ Ibrāhīm’s Daughters Speak5 Ten Years among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ6 The Language Choice7 Culture and Language of Sedentary and Bedouin Communities in the Arab World8 Invisible Boundaries: Cultural and Linguistic Conservatism in a Bedouin Community9 Linguistic Anthropology in the Middle East10 Endangered Languages in the Middle East11 The Fieldwork Experience12 A Woman among the Bedouin13 A Linguist, Not an Anthropologist2 Basics of Space and Time1 Spatial Domains and Spatial Relations: Terminology and Fundamentals2 The Frames of Reference Terminology Adopted in This Book3 Frames of Reference in Spatial Semantic Typology4 Space and Time in Language and Cognition5 Space in Cross-Cultural Perspective6 Does Space Exist Everywhere?7 Temporal Frames of Reference8 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: State of the Art and Aim of this Work9 State of the Art of Spatial and Temporal Studies in Afroasiatic and Semitic3 Society, Culture, and Methodology1 A Culture in Decline: Gender Groups and Age Groups2 Stimulus Selection: A Work in Progress3 Toward a Culture-Based Methodology4 Representing Entities in Scale: Implications of Using Toy Objects5 Culturally Related, Previously Acquired, and Recently Acquired Objects6 Practical Tools to Elicit Semantic Information7 Methodology8 The Interview: ‘Where is X in Relation to Y?’9 The Tick Test10 Other Experiments4 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: A Linguistic and Cultural Overview1 Ayyām al-ʿArab: Ayyām al-Bilād: Spaces and Times in the Old Days2 The Tent3 Humans and Animals in the Domain of Space4 Right and Left5 ‘In Front’ and ‘Behind’6 From Space to Time7 The Inherent Partitions of Animals8 Human and Animal Body Parts and Landmarks: An Experimental Approach9 The Nose, the Belly, and the Back of the Mountain10 The Wadi as a Landmark in aṣ-Ṣāniʿ and Jbāli Linguistic Representations11 Semantics of Astronomical Directions: Within Negev Landscapes and Beyond12 Cardinal Directions across Grammatical Categories13 Polyframing of Cardinal References14 The Traditional aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Horizons15 Middle and Young aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Generations Confronted with Desert Spaces16 Day and Night17 The Seasons and the Activities Associated with Them18 Cardinal Directions, Seasons, and Weather: A Cross-Cultural Survey on Naturalistic Metaphors from Arabia19 Modern Times5 The Intrinsic Frame of Reference across the Generations1 Preliminaries2 The Intrinsic Frame among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Elders3 MAA and YAA Intrinsic Frame4 Intrinsic Frame of Reference and Cardinal Directions in TAA5 Hybrid Strategies of the Intrinsic Frame of Reference in TAA6 The Relative Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Relative Frame of Reference: The Front–Back Axis2 The Lateral Axis of the ALIGNED FIELD3 Differences between TAA and Hausa Aligned Fields4 TAA Relative Prepositional Strategies5 The Culture and Philosophy of the TAA Traditional Ontology of Space6 MAA and YAA Relative Frame of Reference7 MAA and YAA Treatment of Ground-Sheep8 MAA and YAA Lateral Axis9 MAA and YAA Motion10 Concluding Remarks7 The Geocentric Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Geocentric Frame of Reference on a Small Scale2 TAA Cultural Salience of Figure/Ground Interactions3 TAA Absolute Frame of Reference and Axial Constraints4 TAA Strategies for Absolute Frames of Reference: Contrastive Distribution5 Absolute Frame of Reference in Motion6 MAA and YAA Absolute Frame of Reference7 A Note on Referential Polysemy in Prepositions8 TAA, MAA, and YAA Cognitive Referential Framing1 Space in Universalism and Relativism: Language-to-Cognition Correlation2 Typologies of Referential Styles3 Methodology of Cognitive Enquiry4 TAA, MAA, and YAA Responses5 Discussion9 Temporal Cognition across the Generations1 From Space to Time in Language and Cognition2 Spatial Frames of Reference3 Historical and Cultural Background4 Methodology5 Results6 Discussion of the Temporal Data10 Conclusions: Language, Thought, Culture, and RealityReferencesIndex

Letizia Cerqueglini, Ph.D. (2014), University of Pisa and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, is a lecturer in the Department of Hebrew Language and Semitic Linguistics at Tel Aviv University. Her interests focus on the relationship between language, cognition, and culture, especially in multilingual contexts, in the ancient and contemporary Semitic world.

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of TablesReading ConventionsIntroduction1 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time and a Linguist in the Field1 General Overview2 Negev Arabic: Tribes and Linguistic Varieties3 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ4 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Narration of the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Šēḫ Ḥāğğ Ibrāhīm’s Daughters Speak5 Ten Years among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ6 The Language Choice7 Culture and Language of Sedentary and Bedouin Communities in the Arab World8 Invisible Boundaries: Cultural and Linguistic Conservatism in a Bedouin Community9 Linguistic Anthropology in the Middle East10 Endangered Languages in the Middle East11 The Fieldwork Experience12 A Woman among the Bedouin13 A Linguist, Not an Anthropologist2 Basics of Space and Time1 Spatial Domains and Spatial Relations: Terminology and Fundamentals2 The Frames of Reference Terminology Adopted in This Book3 Frames of Reference in Spatial Semantic Typology4 Space and Time in Language and Cognition5 Space in Cross-Cultural Perspective6 Does Space Exist Everywhere?7 Temporal Frames of Reference8 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: State of the Art and Aim of this Work9 State of the Art of Spatial and Temporal Studies in Afroasiatic and Semitic3 Society, Culture, and Methodology1 A Culture in Decline: Gender Groups and Age Groups2 Stimulus Selection: A Work in Progress3 Toward a Culture-Based Methodology4 Representing Entities in Scale: Implications of Using Toy Objects5 Culturally Related, Previously Acquired, and Recently Acquired Objects6 Practical Tools to Elicit Semantic Information7 Methodology8 The Interview: ‘Where is X in Relation to Y?’9 The Tick Test10 Other Experiments4 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: A Linguistic and Cultural Overview1 Ayyām al-ʿArab: Ayyām al-Bilād: Spaces and Times in the Old Days2 The Tent3 Humans and Animals in the Domain of Space4 Right and Left5 ‘In Front’ and ‘Behind’6 From Space to Time7 The Inherent Partitions of Animals8 Human and Animal Body Parts and Landmarks: An Experimental Approach9 The Nose, the Belly, and the Back of the Mountain10 The Wadi as a Landmark in aṣ-Ṣāniʿ and Jbāli Linguistic Representations11 Semantics of Astronomical Directions: Within Negev Landscapes and Beyond12 Cardinal Directions across Grammatical Categories13 Polyframing of Cardinal References14 The Traditional aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Horizons15 Middle and Young aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Generations Confronted with Desert Spaces16 Day and Night17 The Seasons and the Activities Associated with Them18 Cardinal Directions, Seasons, and Weather: A Cross-Cultural Survey on Naturalistic Metaphors from Arabia19 Modern Times5 The Intrinsic Frame of Reference across the Generations1 Preliminaries2 The Intrinsic Frame among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Elders3 MAA and YAA Intrinsic Frame4 Intrinsic Frame of Reference and Cardinal Directions in TAA5 Hybrid Strategies of the Intrinsic Frame of Reference in TAA6 The Relative Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Relative Frame of Reference: The Front–Back Axis2 The Lateral Axis of the ALIGNED FIELD3 Differences between TAA and Hausa Aligned Fields4 TAA Relative Prepositional Strategies5 The Culture and Philosophy of the TAA Traditional Ontology of Space6 MAA and YAA Relative Frame of Reference7 MAA and YAA Treatment of Ground-Sheep8 MAA and YAA Lateral Axis9 MAA and YAA Motion10 Concluding Remarks7 The Geocentric Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Geocentric Frame of Reference on a Small Scale2 TAA Cultural Salience of Figure/Ground Interactions3 TAA Absolute Frame of Reference and Axial Constraints4 TAA Strategies for Absolute Frames of Reference: Contrastive Distribution5 Absolute Frame of Reference in Motion6 MAA and YAA Absolute Frame of Reference7 A Note on Referential Polysemy in Prepositions8 TAA, MAA, and YAA Cognitive Referential Framing1 Space in Universalism and Relativism: Language-to-Cognition Correlation2 Typologies of Referential Styles3 Methodology of Cognitive Enquiry4 TAA, MAA, and YAA Responses5 Discussion9 Temporal Cognition across the Generations1 From Space to Time in Language and Cognition2 Spatial Frames of Reference3 Historical and Cultural Background4 Methodology5 Results6 Discussion of the Temporal Data10 Conclusions: Language, Thought, Culture, and RealityReferencesIndex

Letizia Cerqueglini, Ph.D. (2014), University of Pisa and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, is a lecturer in the Department of Hebrew Language and Semitic Linguistics at Tel Aviv University. Her interests focus on the relationship between language, cognition, and culture, especially in multilingual contexts, in the ancient and contemporary Semitic world.

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of TablesReading ConventionsIntroduction1 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time and a Linguist in the Field1 General Overview2 Negev Arabic: Tribes and Linguistic Varieties3 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ4 The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Narration of the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Šēḫ Ḥāğğ Ibrāhīm’s Daughters Speak5 Ten Years among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ6 The Language Choice7 Culture and Language of Sedentary and Bedouin Communities in the Arab World8 Invisible Boundaries: Cultural and Linguistic Conservatism in a Bedouin Community9 Linguistic Anthropology in the Middle East10 Endangered Languages in the Middle East11 The Fieldwork Experience12 A Woman among the Bedouin13 A Linguist, Not an Anthropologist2 Basics of Space and Time1 Spatial Domains and Spatial Relations: Terminology and Fundamentals2 The Frames of Reference Terminology Adopted in This Book3 Frames of Reference in Spatial Semantic Typology4 Space and Time in Language and Cognition5 Space in Cross-Cultural Perspective6 Does Space Exist Everywhere?7 Temporal Frames of Reference8 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: State of the Art and Aim of this Work9 State of the Art of Spatial and Temporal Studies in Afroasiatic and Semitic3 Society, Culture, and Methodology1 A Culture in Decline: Gender Groups and Age Groups2 Stimulus Selection: A Work in Progress3 Toward a Culture-Based Methodology4 Representing Entities in Scale: Implications of Using Toy Objects5 Culturally Related, Previously Acquired, and Recently Acquired Objects6 Practical Tools to Elicit Semantic Information7 Methodology8 The Interview: ‘Where is X in Relation to Y?’9 The Tick Test10 Other Experiments4 Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: A Linguistic and Cultural Overview1 Ayyām al-ʿArab: Ayyām al-Bilād: Spaces and Times in the Old Days2 The Tent3 Humans and Animals in the Domain of Space4 Right and Left5 ‘In Front’ and ‘Behind’6 From Space to Time7 The Inherent Partitions of Animals8 Human and Animal Body Parts and Landmarks: An Experimental Approach9 The Nose, the Belly, and the Back of the Mountain10 The Wadi as a Landmark in aṣ-Ṣāniʿ and Jbāli Linguistic Representations11 Semantics of Astronomical Directions: Within Negev Landscapes and Beyond12 Cardinal Directions across Grammatical Categories13 Polyframing of Cardinal References14 The Traditional aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Horizons15 Middle and Young aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Generations Confronted with Desert Spaces16 Day and Night17 The Seasons and the Activities Associated with Them18 Cardinal Directions, Seasons, and Weather: A Cross-Cultural Survey on Naturalistic Metaphors from Arabia19 Modern Times5 The Intrinsic Frame of Reference across the Generations1 Preliminaries2 The Intrinsic Frame among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Elders3 MAA and YAA Intrinsic Frame4 Intrinsic Frame of Reference and Cardinal Directions in TAA5 Hybrid Strategies of the Intrinsic Frame of Reference in TAA6 The Relative Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Relative Frame of Reference: The Front–Back Axis2 The Lateral Axis of the ALIGNED FIELD3 Differences between TAA and Hausa Aligned Fields4 TAA Relative Prepositional Strategies5 The Culture and Philosophy of the TAA Traditional Ontology of Space6 MAA and YAA Relative Frame of Reference7 MAA and YAA Treatment of Ground-Sheep8 MAA and YAA Lateral Axis9 MAA and YAA Motion10 Concluding Remarks7 The Geocentric Frame of Reference across the Generations1 TAA Geocentric Frame of Reference on a Small Scale2 TAA Cultural Salience of Figure/Ground Interactions3 TAA Absolute Frame of Reference and Axial Constraints4 TAA Strategies for Absolute Frames of Reference: Contrastive Distribution5 Absolute Frame of Reference in Motion6 MAA and YAA Absolute Frame of Reference7 A Note on Referential Polysemy in Prepositions8 TAA, MAA, and YAA Cognitive Referential Framing1 Space in Universalism and Relativism: Language-to-Cognition Correlation2 Typologies of Referential Styles3 Methodology of Cognitive Enquiry4 TAA, MAA, and YAA Responses5 Discussion9 Temporal Cognition across the Generations1 From Space to Time in Language and Cognition2 Spatial Frames of Reference3 Historical and Cultural Background4 Methodology5 Results6 Discussion of the Temporal Data10 Conclusions: Language, Thought, Culture, and RealityReferencesIndex