Nawaf Salam, born 15 December 1953, in Beirut.Since February 2018, served as Judge at the International Court of Justice. Previously, he served as Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations in New York (July 2007-Dec 2017) and represented Lebanon in the Security Council in 2010 and 2011, for its two-year term as non-permanent member. He assumed the Presidency of said Council for the months of May 2010 and September 2011. He also taught Political Science and International Law at the American University of Beirut and served as Chair of the Political Studies and Public Administration Department (2005-2007). Judge Salam was also Attorney at Law and counseled and represented various international and domestic, public and private entities in Beirut, Lebanon (1984-1989 and 1992-2007) and in Boston, USA (1989-1992). He holds a Doctorat d’Etat, from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po), Paris, an LLM (Master of Laws) from Harvard Law School and a Doctorat in History from the SorbonneUniversity, Paris.Dominique Hascher, né le 22 mai 1956 à Neuilly sur Seine (France).Etudes secondaires au Lycée Henri IV (Paris), études de droit aux Universités de Paris II et Harvard (boursier Fulbright).Entré en 1978 dans les services judiciaires français (concours étudiant), détaché à la Cour internationale d’arbitrage de la Chambre de commerce internationale en qualité de General Counsel et secrétaire général-adjoint (1990-1998), conseiller à la Cour de cassation en 2012, aujourd’hui juge international à la Cour suprême de Singapour.Président ou membre de comités ad hoc constitués au titre de la Convention de Washington du 18 mars 1965 (CIRDI).Président d’un tribunal arbitral international à Bruxelles (nommé par les coarbitres, juge à la Cour internationale de Justice et professeur de droit).Autorité de nomination nommé par la Cour permanente d’arbitrage dans l’affaire Pey Casado c. Chili.Professeur associé, Université de Paris I (2001-2015) ; professeur invité, University College London (2005) University of Texas School of Law, Austin (2007).Président de la Société de législation comparée (2015-2019), membre de l’American Law Institute, du Governing Board (Advisory Member) de l’International Council Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), de l’International Arbitration Institute, des comités français de l’arbitrage et de droit international privé ; secrétaire general de la branche française de l’International Law Association (1998-2006) ; member du comité scientifique de la Revue de l’arbitrage, conseiller à la rédaction de la Revue camerounaise de l’arbitrage.Chevalier dans l’Ordre National de la Légion d’honneur (2005) l’Ordre National du Mérite (1998), Hon. Bencher de Gray’s Inn, Londres (2004).Niels Blokker, born in Bussum, the Netherlands, on 18 February 1958.Educated at Leiden University, where he obtained his doctorate (1989).Senior legal counsel at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2000-2007). Deputy Legal Adviser at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2007-2013). In this capacity, he has given legal advice on a wide variety of international law questions, particularly relating to the ius ad bellum, privileges and immunities, and the law of international organizations. He represented the Netherlands in the negotiations on the crime of aggression (2000-2010).Professor of International Institutional Law (“Schermers Chair”) at the Law Faculty of Leiden University (Netherlands), part-time since 2003, full-time since 2013. In this capacity, he is co-founder of the journal International Organizations Law Review, of which he has been a co-Editor-in-Chief (together with R. Wessel) from the beginning in 2004. He has taught as a guest professor in universities in many countries and has frequently given presentations at international conferences. On an ad hoc basis, he has advised international organizations.

• Rethinking the United Nations: 75 and Beyond, by Nawaf SALAM, Judge at the International Court of JusticeRethinking the United Nations: 75 and BeyondLe rôle du droit international dans le contrôle des sentences arbitrales, par Dominique HASCHER, Juge international à la Cour suprême deSingapourIntroductionChapitre 1. L’attraction du droit internationalA. Le droit international régit la sentenceB. La force du droit internationalChapitre 2. Le droit international, élément modérateur du contrôleA. S’introduire dans le fond?B. Les limitesChapitre 3. Un contrôle nourri de principes universellement reconnus, élevés au rang de principes de droit international, à titre de langage communConclusionLegal Facets of the Practice of International Organizations, by Niels BLOKKER, Professor at Leiden UniversityIntroductionChapter 1. Practice as a rule: “established practice” as part of the law of international organizationsChapter 2. Practice as a power: the power-generating capacity of the practice of international organizationsChapter 3. Practice in interpretation: practice of international organizations as an interpretative deviceChapter 4. The international court of justice and practice of international organizationsChapter 5. The international law commission and practice of international organizationsConcluding observationsBibliography

Nawaf Salam, born 15 December 1953, in Beirut.Since February 2018, served as Judge at the International Court of Justice. Previously, he served as Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations in New York (July 2007-Dec 2017) and represented Lebanon in the Security Council in 2010 and 2011, for its two-year term as non-permanent member. He assumed the Presidency of said Council for the months of May 2010 and September 2011. He also taught Political Science and International Law at the American University of Beirut and served as Chair of the Political Studies and Public Administration Department (2005-2007). Judge Salam was also Attorney at Law and counseled and represented various international and domestic, public and private entities in Beirut, Lebanon (1984-1989 and 1992-2007) and in Boston, USA (1989-1992). He holds a Doctorat d’Etat, from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po), Paris, an LLM (Master of Laws) from Harvard Law School and a Doctorat in History from the SorbonneUniversity, Paris.Dominique Hascher, né le 22 mai 1956 à Neuilly sur Seine (France).Etudes secondaires au Lycée Henri IV (Paris), études de droit aux Universités de Paris II et Harvard (boursier Fulbright).Entré en 1978 dans les services judiciaires français (concours étudiant), détaché à la Cour internationale d’arbitrage de la Chambre de commerce internationale en qualité de General Counsel et secrétaire général-adjoint (1990-1998), conseiller à la Cour de cassation en 2012, aujourd’hui juge international à la Cour suprême de Singapour.Président ou membre de comités ad hoc constitués au titre de la Convention de Washington du 18 mars 1965 (CIRDI).Président d’un tribunal arbitral international à Bruxelles (nommé par les coarbitres, juge à la Cour internationale de Justice et professeur de droit).Autorité de nomination nommé par la Cour permanente d’arbitrage dans l’affaire Pey Casado c. Chili.Professeur associé, Université de Paris I (2001-2015) ; professeur invité, University College London (2005) University of Texas School of Law, Austin (2007).Président de la Société de législation comparée (2015-2019), membre de l’American Law Institute, du Governing Board (Advisory Member) de l’International Council Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), de l’International Arbitration Institute, des comités français de l’arbitrage et de droit international privé ; secrétaire general de la branche française de l’International Law Association (1998-2006) ; member du comité scientifique de la Revue de l’arbitrage, conseiller à la rédaction de la Revue camerounaise de l’arbitrage.Chevalier dans l’Ordre National de la Légion d’honneur (2005) l’Ordre National du Mérite (1998), Hon. Bencher de Gray’s Inn, Londres (2004).Niels Blokker, born in Bussum, the Netherlands, on 18 February 1958.Educated at Leiden University, where he obtained his doctorate (1989).Senior legal counsel at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2000-2007). Deputy Legal Adviser at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2007-2013). In this capacity, he has given legal advice on a wide variety of international law questions, particularly relating to the ius ad bellum, privileges and immunities, and the law of international organizations. He represented the Netherlands in the negotiations on the crime of aggression (2000-2010).Professor of International Institutional Law (“Schermers Chair”) at the Law Faculty of Leiden University (Netherlands), part-time since 2003, full-time since 2013. In this capacity, he is co-founder of the journal International Organizations Law Review, of which he has been a co-Editor-in-Chief (together with R. Wessel) from the beginning in 2004. He has taught as a guest professor in universities in many countries and has frequently given presentations at international conferences. On an ad hoc basis, he has advised international organizations.

• Rethinking the United Nations: 75 and Beyond, by Nawaf SALAM, Judge at the International Court of JusticeRethinking the United Nations: 75 and BeyondLe rôle du droit international dans le contrôle des sentences arbitrales, par Dominique HASCHER, Juge international à la Cour suprême deSingapourIntroductionChapitre 1. L’attraction du droit internationalA. Le droit international régit la sentenceB. La force du droit internationalChapitre 2. Le droit international, élément modérateur du contrôleA. S’introduire dans le fond?B. Les limitesChapitre 3. Un contrôle nourri de principes universellement reconnus, élevés au rang de principes de droit international, à titre de langage communConclusionLegal Facets of the Practice of International Organizations, by Niels BLOKKER, Professor at Leiden UniversityIntroductionChapter 1. Practice as a rule: “established practice” as part of the law of international organizationsChapter 2. Practice as a power: the power-generating capacity of the practice of international organizationsChapter 3. Practice in interpretation: practice of international organizations as an interpretative deviceChapter 4. The international court of justice and practice of international organizationsChapter 5. The international law commission and practice of international organizationsConcluding observationsBibliography