Sharon Bulalang, received her PhD in Linguistics (2020) from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She received her Master’s ofArts in Education degree from the University of the Philippines Diliman (2012), and her Bachelor of Elementary Education from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University (2002). She is a native Western Subanon, and was a grade school teacher in her homeplace (Malayal, Zamboangae del Norte, the Philippines). Her publications appear in the Oceanic Linguistics, The Archive, Language Documentation and Conservation, and John Benjamins Publishing Company.

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of Figures and TablesSymbols and Abbreviations1 Introduction1.1 The Subanon Language1.2 The Subanon Speakers1.3 Research on Subanon and Language Development1.4 Methodology2 Sound System2.1 Introduction2.2 Phonemes2.3 Phonotactics2.4 Morphophonology2.5 Spelling Rules3 Open Word Classes3.1 Introduction3.2 Nouns3.3 Verbs3.4 Adjectives3.5 Adjectival Verbs4 Closed Word Classes4.1 Introduction4.2 Adverbs4.3 Pronouns4.4 Deictic Determiners4.5 Generic Proform4.6 Relativizer4.7 Numerals4.8 Quantifier4.9 Classifiers4.10 Case Markers4.11 Conjunctions4.12 Discourse Markers4.13 Adverbials4.14 Negator4.15 Interjections4.16 Interrogatives4.17 Preposition5 Numerals5.1 Introduction5.2 Cardinal Numerals5.3 Derivative Numerals6 Reduplication6.1 Introduction6.2 Types of Reduplication6.3 Functions of Reduplication6.4 Other Forms of Reduplication7 Verbal Morphology7.1 Introduction7.2 Verbal Affixes7.3 Intransitive Verbs7.4 Transitive Verbs8 Symmetrical Voice8.1 Introduction8.2 Properties of Symmetrical Voice8.3 Voice and Temporality8.4 The Syntactic Privileges of a PSA8.5 Voice in Other Constructions9 Negation in Mood, Modality, Aspect, and Speech-Time Proximity9.1 Introduction9.2 Negator and Mood9.3 Negator and Modality9.4 Negator and Aspect9.5 Negator and Speech-Time Proximity10 Number Agreement, Collective and Distributive Marking10.1 Introduction10.2 Number Agreement Affixes10.3 Agreement in Verbal Clauses10.4 Agreement in Other Types of Clauses10.5 Collective and Distributive Marking on Verbs11 Intransitive Clauses11.1 Introduction11.2 Stative Verbs11.3 Active Verbs11.4 Speech-Time-Proximity-Marked Verbs11.5 Potentive Verbs11.6 Other Intransitive Clauses12 Transitive Clauses12.1 Introduction12.2 Semantic Classes of Transitive Verbs12.3 Morphosyntactic Properties of Transitive Clauses12.4 Distributive Marker and Pluralization in Transitive Clauses13 Noun Phrases13.1 Introduction13.2 Noun Phrase13.3 Pronoun NP13.4 The Generic Proform dun14 Adjectives14.1 Introduction14.2 Morphological Properties14.3 Syntactic Properties14.4 Semantic Classifications of Adjectives15 Adjectival Verbs15.1 Introduction15.2 Distributional and Morphological Properties of Adjectival Verbs15.3 Properties of Adjectival Verbs15.4 Types of Adjectival Verbs16 Clause Combining16.1 Introduction16.2 Coordinate Sentences16.3 Subordinate Clauses17 Serial Verb Constructions17.1 Introduction17.2 Defining Serial Verb Constructions17.3 Syntactic Properties of Serial Verb Constructions17.4 Semantic Types of Serial Verb Constructions17.5 Grammaticalization of a Verb in an SVC17.6 Semantic Classes of Verbs in Serial Verb Constructions18 Interrogatives18.1 Introduction18.2 Wh Questions18.3 Yes/No Questions18.4 Serial Verb Questions19 Imperatives and Volitive Subjunctives19.1 Introduction19.2 Imperatives19.3 Volitive Subjunctives20 Ellipsis20.1 Introduction20.2 Ellipsis in Coordinated Constructions20.3 Ellipsis in Non-coordinated Clauses20.4 Ellipsis in Fragment Answer21 Scope21.1 Introduction21.2 Universal Quantifier (UQ) and Numeral Quantifier (NQ)21.3 Variable Binding: Quantifier and a Pronoun21.4 Negation and a Quantifier22 Verbless Clauses22.1 Introduction22.2 Structure of a Verbless Clause22.3 Types of Verbless Clauses22.4 Properties of Verbless Clauses23 Discourse Markers in Major Spoken Discourse Types23.1 Introduction23.2 Classifications of Discourse Markers23.3 Conversational Discourse Markers23.4 Narrative23.5 Instructions23.6 Advice24 Discourse Markers in Specific Speech Acts24.1 Introduction24.2 Teaching, Jokes, and Teasing24.3 Demands and Requests, Compliments, and Complaints24.4 Scolding, Insults, Retorts, and Rebuffs25 Metaphors, Idioms, and Euphemisms25.1 Introduction25.2 Metaphor25.3 Idioms25.4 Euphemism26 Ungodly Words26.1 Introduction26.2 Anger Words26.3 Profane Utterances26.4 Curse WordsReferencesIndex

Sharon Bulalang, received her PhD in Linguistics (2020) from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She received her Master’s ofArts in Education degree from the University of the Philippines Diliman (2012), and her Bachelor of Elementary Education from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University (2002). She is a native Western Subanon, and was a grade school teacher in her homeplace (Malayal, Zamboangae del Norte, the Philippines). Her publications appear in the Oceanic Linguistics, The Archive, Language Documentation and Conservation, and John Benjamins Publishing Company.

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of Figures and TablesSymbols and Abbreviations1 Introduction1.1 The Subanon Language1.2 The Subanon Speakers1.3 Research on Subanon and Language Development1.4 Methodology2 Sound System2.1 Introduction2.2 Phonemes2.3 Phonotactics2.4 Morphophonology2.5 Spelling Rules3 Open Word Classes3.1 Introduction3.2 Nouns3.3 Verbs3.4 Adjectives3.5 Adjectival Verbs4 Closed Word Classes4.1 Introduction4.2 Adverbs4.3 Pronouns4.4 Deictic Determiners4.5 Generic Proform4.6 Relativizer4.7 Numerals4.8 Quantifier4.9 Classifiers4.10 Case Markers4.11 Conjunctions4.12 Discourse Markers4.13 Adverbials4.14 Negator4.15 Interjections4.16 Interrogatives4.17 Preposition5 Numerals5.1 Introduction5.2 Cardinal Numerals5.3 Derivative Numerals6 Reduplication6.1 Introduction6.2 Types of Reduplication6.3 Functions of Reduplication6.4 Other Forms of Reduplication7 Verbal Morphology7.1 Introduction7.2 Verbal Affixes7.3 Intransitive Verbs7.4 Transitive Verbs8 Symmetrical Voice8.1 Introduction8.2 Properties of Symmetrical Voice8.3 Voice and Temporality8.4 The Syntactic Privileges of a PSA8.5 Voice in Other Constructions9 Negation in Mood, Modality, Aspect, and Speech-Time Proximity9.1 Introduction9.2 Negator and Mood9.3 Negator and Modality9.4 Negator and Aspect9.5 Negator and Speech-Time Proximity10 Number Agreement, Collective and Distributive Marking10.1 Introduction10.2 Number Agreement Affixes10.3 Agreement in Verbal Clauses10.4 Agreement in Other Types of Clauses10.5 Collective and Distributive Marking on Verbs11 Intransitive Clauses11.1 Introduction11.2 Stative Verbs11.3 Active Verbs11.4 Speech-Time-Proximity-Marked Verbs11.5 Potentive Verbs11.6 Other Intransitive Clauses12 Transitive Clauses12.1 Introduction12.2 Semantic Classes of Transitive Verbs12.3 Morphosyntactic Properties of Transitive Clauses12.4 Distributive Marker and Pluralization in Transitive Clauses13 Noun Phrases13.1 Introduction13.2 Noun Phrase13.3 Pronoun NP13.4 The Generic Proform dun14 Adjectives14.1 Introduction14.2 Morphological Properties14.3 Syntactic Properties14.4 Semantic Classifications of Adjectives15 Adjectival Verbs15.1 Introduction15.2 Distributional and Morphological Properties of Adjectival Verbs15.3 Properties of Adjectival Verbs15.4 Types of Adjectival Verbs16 Clause Combining16.1 Introduction16.2 Coordinate Sentences16.3 Subordinate Clauses17 Serial Verb Constructions17.1 Introduction17.2 Defining Serial Verb Constructions17.3 Syntactic Properties of Serial Verb Constructions17.4 Semantic Types of Serial Verb Constructions17.5 Grammaticalization of a Verb in an SVC17.6 Semantic Classes of Verbs in Serial Verb Constructions18 Interrogatives18.1 Introduction18.2 Wh Questions18.3 Yes/No Questions18.4 Serial Verb Questions19 Imperatives and Volitive Subjunctives19.1 Introduction19.2 Imperatives19.3 Volitive Subjunctives20 Ellipsis20.1 Introduction20.2 Ellipsis in Coordinated Constructions20.3 Ellipsis in Non-coordinated Clauses20.4 Ellipsis in Fragment Answer21 Scope21.1 Introduction21.2 Universal Quantifier (UQ) and Numeral Quantifier (NQ)21.3 Variable Binding: Quantifier and a Pronoun21.4 Negation and a Quantifier22 Verbless Clauses22.1 Introduction22.2 Structure of a Verbless Clause22.3 Types of Verbless Clauses22.4 Properties of Verbless Clauses23 Discourse Markers in Major Spoken Discourse Types23.1 Introduction23.2 Classifications of Discourse Markers23.3 Conversational Discourse Markers23.4 Narrative23.5 Instructions23.6 Advice24 Discourse Markers in Specific Speech Acts24.1 Introduction24.2 Teaching, Jokes, and Teasing24.3 Demands and Requests, Compliments, and Complaints24.4 Scolding, Insults, Retorts, and Rebuffs25 Metaphors, Idioms, and Euphemisms25.1 Introduction25.2 Metaphor25.3 Idioms25.4 Euphemism26 Ungodly Words26.1 Introduction26.2 Anger Words26.3 Profane Utterances26.4 Curse WordsReferencesIndex