Anja Oskamp, Computer/Law Institute, Free University, Amsterdam. Arno R. Lodder, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam. Martin Apistola, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam

• Abbreviations; 1. Introduction Anja Oskamp, Arno R. Lodder and Martin Apistola; 1.1 IT support of the judiciary; 1.2 Outline of this book; 1.3 IT support of the judiciary in Europe; 1.4 Important issues outside Europe; 1.5 Concluding observations; 2. Australia Anne Wallace; 2.1 Organisation/structure of the judiciary; 2.2 Information Technology: the most pressing issues; 2.3 (Legal) information/knowledge management: the most pressing issues; 2.4 The beneficial effects of these discussions; 3. Singapore Thian Yee Sze: 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Singapore's legal system and judicial structure; 3.3 The impetus behind the use of technology; 3.4 The early years of harnessing technology in the supreme court; 3.5 The vision of a paperless courtroom - towards building up a world-class judiciary; 3.6 An electronic litigation system for the 21st century; 3.7 Electronic trials and hearings - the birth of the technology courts; 3.8 Use of electronic documents in the courtroom; 3.9 The electronic filingsystem - a litigation system par excellence ; 3.10 Strategy behind the planning, development and implementation of the electronic filing system; 3.11 A watershed in the pursuit of an electronic litigation system; 3.12 Lawnet - a strategic national legal information network; 3.13 The final pieces of the electronic litigation system jigsaw - other key application systems and technological initiatives in the supreme court; 3.14 The realisation of the vision of an electronic litigation system - the dawn of a new era of the cybercourt; 3.15 The final destination of the journey; 4. Venezuela Ricardo Jimenez; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The judiciary; 4.3 Information and communication technologies in the judiciary; 4.4 Introducing IT; 4.5 Trends in IT; 4.6 Legal information knowledge management; 5. IT in the Norwegian courts Morten S. Hagedal; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The norwegian courts and the administration thereof; 5.3 Co-operation and co-ordination with the other law enforcement agencies - the'penal' chain; 5.4 The first wave of IT in the Norwegian courts; 5.5 Some effects of the introduction of IT, and some other aims of the court administration; 5.6 Dissemination of cases; 5.7 Sentencing support; 5.8 The second wave of IT in the Norwegian judiciary; 5.9 Bibliographical references; 6. The Netherlands Arno R. Lodder, Anja Oskamp and Ronald van den Hoogen; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 IT support for judges concerning sentencing decisions; 6.3 IT support for the prosecutor concerning sentencing requests; 6.4 IT support for judges in determining damages; 6.5 Management information to evaluate the productivity and/or quality of judges; 6.6 On management, funding, design and evaluation; 6.7 Sentencing systems for judges and prosecutors; 6.8 On the mandatory use of systems; 6.9 Theoretical legal issues; 6.10 Theoretical ICT issues; 6.11 Completely digitized procedures; 6.12 The state of automation; 6.13 Bibliographical references; 7. Information and communication technology for justice:the Italian experience Marco Fabri; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Italian judiciary: a brief overview; 7.3 ICT governance in the italian judicial system; 7.4 Information and communication technology in the judicial process; 7.5 Information and communication technology for court performance appraisal; 7.6 Concluding remarks; 7.7 Bibliographical references; Appendix 1 - the questionnaire 2001; Appendix 2 - the questionnaire 2000; About the authors; Index.

Anja Oskamp, Computer/Law Institute, Free University, Amsterdam. Arno R. Lodder, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam. Martin Apistola, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam

• Abbreviations; 1. Introduction Anja Oskamp, Arno R. Lodder and Martin Apistola; 1.1 IT support of the judiciary; 1.2 Outline of this book; 1.3 IT support of the judiciary in Europe; 1.4 Important issues outside Europe; 1.5 Concluding observations; 2. Australia Anne Wallace; 2.1 Organisation/structure of the judiciary; 2.2 Information Technology: the most pressing issues; 2.3 (Legal) information/knowledge management: the most pressing issues; 2.4 The beneficial effects of these discussions; 3. Singapore Thian Yee Sze: 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Singapore's legal system and judicial structure; 3.3 The impetus behind the use of technology; 3.4 The early years of harnessing technology in the supreme court; 3.5 The vision of a paperless courtroom - towards building up a world-class judiciary; 3.6 An electronic litigation system for the 21st century; 3.7 Electronic trials and hearings - the birth of the technology courts; 3.8 Use of electronic documents in the courtroom; 3.9 The electronic filingsystem - a litigation system par excellence ; 3.10 Strategy behind the planning, development and implementation of the electronic filing system; 3.11 A watershed in the pursuit of an electronic litigation system; 3.12 Lawnet - a strategic national legal information network; 3.13 The final pieces of the electronic litigation system jigsaw - other key application systems and technological initiatives in the supreme court; 3.14 The realisation of the vision of an electronic litigation system - the dawn of a new era of the cybercourt; 3.15 The final destination of the journey; 4. Venezuela Ricardo Jimenez; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The judiciary; 4.3 Information and communication technologies in the judiciary; 4.4 Introducing IT; 4.5 Trends in IT; 4.6 Legal information knowledge management; 5. IT in the Norwegian courts Morten S. Hagedal; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The norwegian courts and the administration thereof; 5.3 Co-operation and co-ordination with the other law enforcement agencies - the'penal' chain; 5.4 The first wave of IT in the Norwegian courts; 5.5 Some effects of the introduction of IT, and some other aims of the court administration; 5.6 Dissemination of cases; 5.7 Sentencing support; 5.8 The second wave of IT in the Norwegian judiciary; 5.9 Bibliographical references; 6. The Netherlands Arno R. Lodder, Anja Oskamp and Ronald van den Hoogen; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 IT support for judges concerning sentencing decisions; 6.3 IT support for the prosecutor concerning sentencing requests; 6.4 IT support for judges in determining damages; 6.5 Management information to evaluate the productivity and/or quality of judges; 6.6 On management, funding, design and evaluation; 6.7 Sentencing systems for judges and prosecutors; 6.8 On the mandatory use of systems; 6.9 Theoretical legal issues; 6.10 Theoretical ICT issues; 6.11 Completely digitized procedures; 6.12 The state of automation; 6.13 Bibliographical references; 7. Information and communication technology for justice:the Italian experience Marco Fabri; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Italian judiciary: a brief overview; 7.3 ICT governance in the italian judicial system; 7.4 Information and communication technology in the judicial process; 7.5 Information and communication technology for court performance appraisal; 7.6 Concluding remarks; 7.7 Bibliographical references; Appendix 1 - the questionnaire 2001; Appendix 2 - the questionnaire 2000; About the authors; Index.

Anja Oskamp, Computer/Law Institute, Free University, Amsterdam. Arno R. Lodder, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam. Martin Apistola, Computer/Law Institute, Free University Amsterdam

• Abbreviations; 1. Introduction Anja Oskamp, Arno R. Lodder and Martin Apistola; 1.1 IT support of the judiciary; 1.2 Outline of this book; 1.3 IT support of the judiciary in Europe; 1.4 Important issues outside Europe; 1.5 Concluding observations; 2. Australia Anne Wallace; 2.1 Organisation/structure of the judiciary; 2.2 Information Technology: the most pressing issues; 2.3 (Legal) information/knowledge management: the most pressing issues; 2.4 The beneficial effects of these discussions; 3. Singapore Thian Yee Sze: 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Singapore's legal system and judicial structure; 3.3 The impetus behind the use of technology; 3.4 The early years of harnessing technology in the supreme court; 3.5 The vision of a paperless courtroom - towards building up a world-class judiciary; 3.6 An electronic litigation system for the 21st century; 3.7 Electronic trials and hearings - the birth of the technology courts; 3.8 Use of electronic documents in the courtroom; 3.9 The electronic filingsystem - a litigation system par excellence ; 3.10 Strategy behind the planning, development and implementation of the electronic filing system; 3.11 A watershed in the pursuit of an electronic litigation system; 3.12 Lawnet - a strategic national legal information network; 3.13 The final pieces of the electronic litigation system jigsaw - other key application systems and technological initiatives in the supreme court; 3.14 The realisation of the vision of an electronic litigation system - the dawn of a new era of the cybercourt; 3.15 The final destination of the journey; 4. Venezuela Ricardo Jimenez; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The judiciary; 4.3 Information and communication technologies in the judiciary; 4.4 Introducing IT; 4.5 Trends in IT; 4.6 Legal information knowledge management; 5. IT in the Norwegian courts Morten S. Hagedal; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The norwegian courts and the administration thereof; 5.3 Co-operation and co-ordination with the other law enforcement agencies - the'penal' chain; 5.4 The first wave of IT in the Norwegian courts; 5.5 Some effects of the introduction of IT, and some other aims of the court administration; 5.6 Dissemination of cases; 5.7 Sentencing support; 5.8 The second wave of IT in the Norwegian judiciary; 5.9 Bibliographical references; 6. The Netherlands Arno R. Lodder, Anja Oskamp and Ronald van den Hoogen; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 IT support for judges concerning sentencing decisions; 6.3 IT support for the prosecutor concerning sentencing requests; 6.4 IT support for judges in determining damages; 6.5 Management information to evaluate the productivity and/or quality of judges; 6.6 On management, funding, design and evaluation; 6.7 Sentencing systems for judges and prosecutors; 6.8 On the mandatory use of systems; 6.9 Theoretical legal issues; 6.10 Theoretical ICT issues; 6.11 Completely digitized procedures; 6.12 The state of automation; 6.13 Bibliographical references; 7. Information and communication technology for justice:the Italian experience Marco Fabri; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Italian judiciary: a brief overview; 7.3 ICT governance in the italian judicial system; 7.4 Information and communication technology in the judicial process; 7.5 Information and communication technology for court performance appraisal; 7.6 Concluding remarks; 7.7 Bibliographical references; Appendix 1 - the questionnaire 2001; Appendix 2 - the questionnaire 2000; About the authors; Index.