This book investigates in detail the draw theory, physical testing, and numerical simulation analysis technology pertaining to gravity flow. It innovatively explores the structural inhomogeneity of particle flow systems and dynamic behavior among ore and rock particles at macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic levels using interdisciplinary research methods such as statistical physics and complex networks. The potential mechanics mechanism of flow and hang-up of caved ore and rock is elucidated. The research ideas and findings presented in this book serve as a valuable supplement and enhancement to current research ideas and methods on gravity flow. It offers theoretical and technical support for optimizing stope structure parameters, predicting indices of ore loss and dilution, and ensuring safe and efficient mining of mineral resources in underground mines. Additionally, it also provides a scientific basis for the fundamental theoretical research of granular matter, including caved ore and rock, sand, grain, and chemical particles. The target audience of this book includes graduate students and educators in mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, and related fields, as well as technical personnel in research institutes, engineering design and construction units, and researchers interested in the computational mechanics of granular materials.
