This book provides research progress and cognition of lacustrine fine-grained sediment in China. Experimental analysis techniques of fine-grained sediment are systematically reviewed. Characteristics and genetic mechanism of typical lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rock are introduced, including Ordos, Songliao, and Junngar basins. The organic-enrichment mechanism and main controlling factors of black shale are also discussed. This book not only can promote the innovative development of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentology, but also has guiding significance for the leapfrog development of unconventional petroleum industry in China. It has reference value for geological researchers and faculty and students in universities.