This volume delves into the intricate challenges of food production and food security through the lens of innovation in agricultural technologies, seed systems, institutional frameworks, and human capital development. Anchored in the Agricultural Innovation System framework and the seminal contributions of Carl E Pray to food systems discourse, the volume is structured into three thematic parts comprising 15 chapters authored by leading scholars and experts. Part I explores global agricultural productivity and structural transformation for sustainable growth. It revisits the legacy of the Green Revolution, examines the complexities of diversifying beyond staple crops, and evaluates the promise and pitfalls of genetically modified and gene-edited crops. Part II focuses on the emergence and evolution of dynamic seed industries in Argentina, Brazil, India, and China — nations whose agricultural sectors are pivotal to the food security of over 3.2 billion people. The chapters investigate the drivers of innovation, institutional change, and market development in these key regions. Part III analyzes how breeding value chains are coevolving alongside modern product value chains. It highlights the role of agritech startups in emerging economies, innovative pedagogies for teaching private-sector innovation, and offers insights from China on educating the rural population and strategies to bridge the rural-urban divide. Together, these contributions provide a comprehensive and forward-looking analysis of how agricultural innovations can address pressing global challenges — food and nutritional insecurity, hunger, poverty reduction, and climate change mitigation — that are central to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
