The Mexica did not arrive in an empty world. Before Tenochtitlan rose from the lake, the Basin of Mexico was already packed with old cities, ruined pyramids, dynastic claims, hostile shore towns, sacred hills, tribute routes, wetland fields, salt water, fresh springs, and memories that could still make or break a ruler. Teotihuacan stood in ruin. Tula survived as a political name. Culhuacan carried old prestige. Azcapotzalco held power. Texcoco watched the eastern waters. Into this crowded, dangerous basin came a people whose origin was remembered through Aztlan, migration, divine command, hardship, service, and humiliation. The Aztec World: From Aztlan to Tenochtitlan follows that rise without stripping away the pressure of the ground beneath it. This is the story of a lake city built where mud, reeds, salt water, flooding, and enemy towns made survival uncertain. It moves through painted migration records, foundation signs, royal marriages, Tepanec domination, the Triple Alliance, tribute lists, market life, canals, causeways, aqueducts, temple precincts, sacred warfare, imperial expansion, Spanish entry, siege, and the breaking of the island capital. Drawing on codices, Nahua histories, colonial chronicles, archaeology, temple excavation, tribute records, and the surviving geography of the Valley of Mexico, this book treats Tenochtitlan not as a sudden wonder, but as the most forceful answer to a basin that had been testing cities for centuries. The Mexica learned the valley s rules, then turned them into empire: water into defense, ancestry into authority, tribute into supply, ritual into command, and an island settlement into the capital of the Aztec world.

The Mexica did not arrive in an empty world. Before Tenochtitlan rose from the lake, the Basin of Mexico was already packed with old cities, ruined pyramids, dynastic claims, hostile shore towns, sacred hills, tribute routes, wetland fields, salt water, fresh springs, and memories that could still make or break a ruler. Teotihuacan stood in ruin. Tula survived as a political name. Culhuacan carried old prestige. Azcapotzalco held power. Texcoco watched the eastern waters. Into this crowded, dangerous basin came a people whose origin was remembered through Aztlan, migration, divine command, hardship, service, and humiliation. The Aztec World: From Aztlan to Tenochtitlan follows that rise without stripping away the pressure of the ground beneath it. This is the story of a lake city built where mud, reeds, salt water, flooding, and enemy towns made survival uncertain. It moves through painted migration records, foundation signs, royal marriages, Tepanec domination, the Triple Alliance, tribute lists, market life, canals, causeways, aqueducts, temple precincts, sacred warfare, imperial expansion, Spanish entry, siege, and the breaking of the island capital. Drawing on codices, Nahua histories, colonial chronicles, archaeology, temple excavation, tribute records, and the surviving geography of the Valley of Mexico, this book treats Tenochtitlan not as a sudden wonder, but as the most forceful answer to a basin that had been testing cities for centuries. The Mexica learned the valley s rules, then turned them into empire: water into defense, ancestry into authority, tribute into supply, ritual into command, and an island settlement into the capital of the Aztec world.

The Mexica did not arrive in an empty world. Before Tenochtitlan rose from the lake, the Basin of Mexico was already packed with old cities, ruined pyramids, dynastic claims, hostile shore towns, sacred hills, tribute routes, wetland fields, salt water, fresh springs, and memories that could still make or break a ruler. Teotihuacan stood in ruin. Tula survived as a political name. Culhuacan carried old prestige. Azcapotzalco held power. Texcoco watched the eastern waters. Into this crowded, dangerous basin came a people whose origin was remembered through Aztlan, migration, divine command, hardship, service, and humiliation. The Aztec World: From Aztlan to Tenochtitlan follows that rise without stripping away the pressure of the ground beneath it. This is the story of a lake city built where mud, reeds, salt water, flooding, and enemy towns made survival uncertain. It moves through painted migration records, foundation signs, royal marriages, Tepanec domination, the Triple Alliance, tribute lists, market life, canals, causeways, aqueducts, temple precincts, sacred warfare, imperial expansion, Spanish entry, siege, and the breaking of the island capital. Drawing on codices, Nahua histories, colonial chronicles, archaeology, temple excavation, tribute records, and the surviving geography of the Valley of Mexico, this book treats Tenochtitlan not as a sudden wonder, but as the most forceful answer to a basin that had been testing cities for centuries. The Mexica learned the valley s rules, then turned them into empire: water into defense, ancestry into authority, tribute into supply, ritual into command, and an island settlement into the capital of the Aztec world.