Pranab Bardhan has been arguing for a long time that a Universal Basic Income policy can be effective in a country like India to relieve economic insecurity to a large extent. Bardhan has also constructed a thorough critique of the political direction India has been taking over the last few years leading to considerable social stress.
Social inequality contrasts in the five different BRICS countries, having a population of more than 3.22 billion, constituting almost 40% of global population, with different kinds of development in each, and these also reflect a massive set of circumstances in the global South.