World Scientific Publishing Company – förlag

This book introduces the reader to how fundamental topics in particle physics can be studied with the largest neutrino telescopes currently in operation. Due to their large size, reaching cubic-kilometer volumes, and their wide energy response, these unusual detectors can provide insight on neutrino oscillations, dark matter searches or searches for exotic particles, new neutrino interactions or extra dimensions, among many other topics.Lacking a man-made neutrino ''beam'', neutrino telescopes use the copious flux of neutrinos continuously produced by cosmic rays interacting in the Earth''s atmosphere, as well as neutrinos from astrophysical origin. They have therefore access to neutrinos of higher energies and much longer baselines than those produced in present accelerators, being able to search for new physics at complementary scales than currently available in particle physics laboratories around the world.Written by carefully chosen experts in the field, the book introduces each topic in a pedagogical way apt not only to professionals, but also to students or the interested reader with a background in physics.

This book defines sets of orthogonal polynomials and derives a number of properties satisfied by any such set. It continues by describing the classical orthogonal polynomials and the additional properties they have.The first chapter defines the orthogonality condition for two functions. It then gives an iterative process to produce a set of polynomials which are orthogonal to one another and then describes a number of properties satisfied by any set of orthogonal polynomials. The classical orthogonal polynomials arise when the weight function in the orthogonality condition has a particular form. These polynomials have a further set of properties and in particular satisfy a second order differential equation.Each subsequent chapter investigates the properties of a particular polynomial set starting from its differential equation.

This volume contains topical papers covering the various aspects of instrumentation in high energy physics. The subjects of the contributions, all previously unpublished, have been chosen to provide an overview of the fundamental processes and of the technological problems encountered in detecting, tracking and identifying charged and neutral particles in modern particle physics experiments.Each contribution offers a concise but complete description of the state-of-the-art regarding the subject, and is addressed to post-doctoral and research staff readers; it will also be found useful as a teaching aid for students and participants in specialized schools and workshops on intermediate and high energy experimental physics.

The volume contains essential information on elective (non-emergency) hand surgery practice. The author, M Merle, a world authority in surgery of the rheumatoid hand, synthesizes the depth of his experience into the book, and presents the management of these conditions in a clear manner. All the elective procedures are described in great detail and depth. The quality of the illustrations is outstanding.There are very few textbooks on elective hand surgery and this will be an essential resource for hand surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, rheumatologists and physiotherapists.

An introductory text book for graduates and advanced undergraduates on group representation theory. It emphasizes group theory's role as the mathematical framework for describing symmetry properties of classical and quantum mechanical systems.Familiarity with basic group concepts and techniques is invaluable in the education of a modern-day physicist. This book emphasizes general features and methods which demonstrate the power of the group-theoretical approach in exposing the systematics of physical systems with associated symmetry.Particular attention is given to pedagogy. In developing the theory, clarity in presenting the main ideas and consequences is given the same priority as comprehensiveness and strict rigor. To preserve the integrity of the mathematics, enough technical information is included in the appendices to make the book almost self-contained.A set of problems and solutions has been published in a separate booklet.

This unique volume provides a comprehensive overview of all the major aspects of modern drinking water systems in the western European context. It not only covers the theoretical principles, but also the historical background and practical aspects of design and operation, legislation, planning and finance of drinking water supply in its social and economic context.The principles and practices are illustrated using experiences from The Netherlands. The Dutch drinking water supply is well known for its multiple barrier systems and high technical standards. The Dutch drinking water is of high quality and does not contain chlorine, and the Dutch therefore readily drink tap water and do not see the need to buy bottled water or in-house filters, with their drawbacks on national economics, public health and the environment. This illustrative overview can be used as a reference for other countries and regions.

This book introduces systematically the eigenfunction method, a new approach to the group representation theory which was developed by the authors in the 1970's and 1980's in accordance with the concept and method used in quantum mechanics. It covers the applications of the group theory in various branches of physics and quantum chemistry, especially nuclear and molecular physics. Extensive tables and computational methods are presented.Group Representation Theory for Physicists may serve as a handbook for researchers doing group theory calculations. It is also a good reference book and textbook for undergraduate and graduate students who intend to use group theory in their future research careers.

This breakthrough book gives a ground-floor view of the innovation process, showing how fundamental innovators really work. Then, it connects that knowledge to the bigger picture, explaining why the “innovation system” in the United States is failing to work as it once did, and what all parties can do to build a better system for the future.Inside Real Innovation is written by distinguished practicing innovators. They debunk the concept of innovation as a linear process, from research to development to product in the market. They present a simple model for understanding it as a highly iterative process, in which you cycle repeatedly through many factors in the areas of Technology, Market and Implementation — until the right pieces come together. Co-author Gene Fitzgerald tells the story of his own major innovation, tracing it along the winding path into products we use every day. The authors then proceed to tell the larger story of how the vaunted American “pipeline” for carrying this process has been pulled apart.The book is a must-read for anyone with an interest in a strong innovation system: investors, innovators and people in corporations, universities and government. Inside Real Innovation has become the course-book for a White House-recognised MIT course entitled 3.086x Innovation and Commercialization.

Written by leading scientists in the field of delivery of protein and peptide drugs to tumors for cancer therapy, this important book provides a broad introduction to the field, with discussion by key experts on the physiological barriers for protein and peptide drugs in tumors, and the different approaches to stabilization of these drugs in biological surroundings, as well as their enhanced delivery to tumors and inside cancer cells.This book can be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students and young scientists and clinicians at the early stages of their career. It is also suitable for non-experts from related areas of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, experimental and clinical oncology and pharmaceutical sciences, who are interested in general problems of drug delivery and drug targeting as well as in a more specialized topics of using protein and peptide drugs for tumor therapy.Prof Torchilin is an expert in Nanomedicine and a recipient of numerous awards including the Lenin Prize in Science & Technology of the former USSR, membership in the European Academy of Sciences, and AAPS Research Achievement Award in Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery. He served as an Associate Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School before joining Northeastern University as the Chairman of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Traditional quantum theory has a very rigid structure, making it difficult to accommodate new properties emerging from novel systems. This book presents a flexible and unified theory for physical systems, from micro and macro quantum to classical. This is achieved by incorporating superselection rules and maximal symmetric operators into the theory. The resulting theory is applicable to classical, microscopic quantum and non-orthodox mixed quantum systems of which macroscopic quantum systems are examples. A unified formalism also greatly facilitates the discussion of interactions between these systems. A scheme of quantization by parts is introduced, based on the mathematics of selfadjoint and maximal symmetric extensions of symmetric operators, to describe point interactions. The results are applied to treat superconducting quantum circuits in various configurations.This book also discusses various topics of interest such as the asymptotic treatment of quantum state preparation and quantum measurement, local observables and local values, Schrödinger''s cat states in superconducting systems, and a path space formulation of quantum mechanics.This self-contained book is complete with a review of relevant geometric and operator theories, for example, vector fields and operators, symmetric operators and their maximal symmetric extensions, direct integrals of Hilbert spaces and operators.

This unique book describes the science and technology of silicon carbide (SiC) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), from the creation of SiC material to the formation of final system, through various expert contributions by several leading key figures in the field. The book contains high-quality up-to-date scientific information concerning SiC MEMS for harsh environments summarized concisely for students, academics, engineers and researchers in the field of SiC MEMS.This is the only book that addresses in a comprehensive manner the main advantages of SiC as a MEMS material for applications in high temperature and harsh environments, as well as approaches to the relevant technologies, with a view progressing towards the final product.

High-throughput sequencing and functional genomics technologies have given us a draft human genome sequence and have enabled large-scale genotyping and gene expression profiling of human populations. Databases containing large numbers of sequences, polymorphisms, and gene expression profiles of normal and diseased tissues in different clinical states are rapidly being generated for human and model organisms. Bioinformatics is thus rapidly growing in importance in the annotation of genomic sequences, in the understanding of the interplay between genes and proteins, in the analysis of the genetic variability of species, and so on. This proceedings contains an up-to-date exchange of knowledge, ideas, and solutions to conceptual and practical issues of bioinformatics, by researchers, professionals, and industrial practitioners at the 4th Asia-Pacific Bioinformatics Conference held in Taipei in February 2006.

The vast majority of automatic controllers used to compensate industrial processes are of PI or PID type. This book comprehensively compiles, using a unified notation, tuning rules for these controllers proposed over the last seven decades (1935-2005). The tuning rules are carefully categorized and application information about each rule is given. The book discusses controller architecture and process modeling issues, as well as the performance and robustness of loops compensated with PI or PID controllers. This unique publication brings together in an easy-to-use format material previously published in a large number of papers and books.This wholly revised second edition extends the presentation of PI and PID controller tuning rules, for single variable processes with time delays, to include additional rules compiled since the first edition was published in 2003.

This book brings together some of the leading researchers in the actively investigated field of oxidative stress, an area of study which is of importance to human health and disease. It examines oxidative stress in a variety of models, at rest and after exercise, in young and old. Key concepts of oxidative stress, exercise and aging are presented in clear and easy-to-understand terms. Oxidative stress in different types of exercises — isometric, isotonic and sports — is explained in detail, with several chapters focusing on acute and chronic adaptations of skeletal muscles following both aerobic and non-aerobic exercises. The book includes current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms influencing health and disease processes associated with oxidative stress.

Animal models of neuro- and psychopathological states in humans are an indispensable part of both experimental neurology and biological psychiatry. Written by a team of experts, this book provides an up-to-date detailed overview of the current approaches to the design of viable animal models for eight prominent neuropsychiatric diseases. The book is specifically written with the research-oriented reader in mind — both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. It contains first-hand information on how to design viable animal models for Alzheimer''s disease, epilepsy, Huntington''s disease, Parkinson''s disease, addiction, depression, fear and anxiety, and schizophrenia. Each chapter also critically discusses the limitations of the animal experimental approach towards an understanding of human neuropsychiatric disorders.The book is an essential source of reference for researchers who seek to successfully continue and elaborate the experimental work that will finally lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of the diseases, as well as to an improvement of both diagnosis and therapy.

This book summarizes the main results achieved in a four-year European Project on nonlinear and adaptive control. The project involves leading researchers from top-notch institutions: Imperial College London (Prof A Astolfi), Lund University (Prof A Rantzer), Supelec Paris (Prof R Ortega), University of Technology of Compiegne (Prof R Lozano), Grenoble Polytechnic (Prof C Canudas de Wit), University of Twente (Prof A van der Schaft), Politecnico of Milan (Prof S Bittanti), and Polytechnic University of Valencia (Prof P Albertos).The book also provides an introduction to theoretical advances in nonlinear and adaptive control and an overview of novel applications of advanced control theory, particularly topics on the control of partially known systems, under-actuated systems, and bioreactors.

This is the first book to address public health issues in traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM). It presents state-of-the-art reviews of TCAM research in a range of priority public health areas such as malaria and HIV and in such common ailments as skin conditions and orthopedic injury in developing countries. Contributions analyze policy trends in areas such as financing of TCAM and education and training in this field as well as selected case studies of model TCAM projects. Important chapters on research methodology, ethical and safety issues, and intellectual property rights pertaining to traditional medicine are also presented.Public financing for TCAM is a test of the commitment of governments, and the book includes an analysis from the World Health Organization''s (WHO) Global Atlas data of the worldwide trends in this area. With safety concerns foremost in the minds of both policy makers and the public, the book offers a global overview of policy and legislative trends in this field as well as an important set of guidelines for pharmacovigilance and TCAM products.

In the post-genomic era, one of the key challenges for drug discovery is making optimal use of the comprehensive genomic data available after the elucidation of the human genome and others in order to identify effective new medicines. Addressing this challenge, chemogenomics aims to identify systematically all ligands and modulators for all the gene products expressed and allows the accelerated exploration of their biological function. The subject brings together diverse disciplines including chemistry, genetics, chemo- and bioinformatics, structural biology, and biological screening in phenotypic and target-based assays.This book uniquely integrates reviews of the latest cutting-edge research by leaders in the various disciplines, providing a general, knowledge-centric overview of the different chemical, biological and informatics components. Unlike existing publications, the book focuses on how these disciplines interact efficiently for the rapid discovery of new targets and their effector molecules simultaneously. Examples of chemogenomics approaches pursued in academia as well as in biotech and pharmaceutical companies are also provided.

This book presents a selective collection of papers from the 20th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences, held in Istanbul, Turkey. The selected papers span a wide spectrum of topics in computer networks, including internet and multimedia, security and cryptography, wireless networks, parallel and distributed computing, and performance evaluation. These papers represent the results of the latest research of academicians from more than 30 countries.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date knowledge of the sources and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, and its role in disease and cancer. It also focuses on the novel agents and methods that can be employed to prevent oxidative stress and associated diseases.The authors first review the most recent data on the basic mechanisms of oxidative stress. The second section discusses oxidative stress leading to several diseases and cancers, and in the third section, the strategies employed in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases are discussed.

This book discusses the basic physics of semiconductor macroatoms at the nanoscale as well as their potential application as building blocks for the realization of new-generation quantum devices.It provides a review on state-of-the art fabrication and characterization of semiconductor quantum dots aimed at implementing single-electron/exciton devices for quantum information processing and communication. After an introductory chapter on the fundamentals of quantum dots, a number of more specialized review articles presents a comprehensive picture of this rapidly developing field, specifically including strongly multidisciplinary topics such as state-of-the-art nanofabrication and optical characterization, fully microscopic theoretical modeling of nontrivial many-body processes, as well as design and optimization of novel quantum-device architectures.Sample Chapter(s)

This book provides the reader with an extensive background in the field of logic-timing simulation and delay modeling. It includes detailed information on the challenges of logic-timing simulation, applications, advantages and drawbacks. The capabilities of logic-timing are explored using the latest research results that are brought together from previously disseminated materials. An important part of the book is devoted to the description of the “Degradation Delay Model”, developed by the authors, showing how the inclusion of dynamic effects in the modeling of delays greatly improves the application cases and accuracy of logic-timing simulation. These ideas are supported by simulation results extracted from a wide range of practical applications.Sample Chapter(s)

Because vertebrate circulations do not work when shrunk to insect sizes, insects may help us design our smallest machines. Within small bodies, bees separate diffusing substances in an open cavity assisted by locomotion and the beat of the heart. The open arthropod circulation, however, is most efficient when shrunk until its large three-dimensional volume of blood turns into a two-dimensional film of fluid covering only the internal surfaces. This transformation increases the chances to near-certainty that molecules can diffuse from one point to another without getting lost.The Incredible Shrinking Bee expresses mathematics in words so that most readers can compare today''s microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices with a honeybee''s circulation, introducing ideas of biominiaturization to workers interested in developing compact energy and chemical systems. When it comes to shrinking systems, bees have the edge on human ingenuity. A farrago of ideas and disciplines, The Incredible Shrinking Bee provides a springboard for discussion and research for computer scientists, entomologists, systems biologists, physiologists, mathematicians, engineers and anyone wanting to learn how bees move things around in their bodies to do what we are trying to do smaller and better.

The purpose of this book is to review the current, state-of-the-art application of isotopic methods to the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Isotopic studies are arguably the ultimate technique in in situ methods for heterogeneous catalysis. In this review volume, chapters have been contributed by experts in the field and the coverage includes both the application of specific isotopes — Deuterium, Tritium, Carbon-14, Sulfur-35 and Oxygen-18 - as well as isotopic techniques — determination of surface mobility, steady state transient isotope kinetic analysis, and positron emission profiling.

The 10th IFIP International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications covers a wide spectrum: wireless sensors, signalization, traffic and QoA in wireless networks, Ad-Hoc, IEEE 802.11, cellular and mobile networks. This volume offers a large range of solutions to key problems in wireless networking and explores challenging avenues for industrial research and development. It is accessible to engineers, practitioners, and scientists as well as industry professionals from manufacturers to service providers.

This book provides an introduction to topological quantum field theory as well as discrete gauge theory with quantum groups. In contrast to much of the existing literature, the present approach is at the same time intuitive and mathematically rigorous, making extensive use of suitable diagrammatic methods. It provides a highly unified description of lattice gauge theory, topological quantum field theory and models of quantum (super)gravity. The reader is thus in a unique position to understand the relations between these subjects as well as the underlying groundwork.

The manufacture of silicon single crystals is one of the most important processes in the information technology industry. This book explains the details of liquid metal convection, providing a guide for the elegant operation and control of Czochralski crystal growth, including the effect of magnetic control. Also covered is the newly emerging research field of the application of strong magnetic field using a superconducting magnet. Model equations for the phenomena in the magnetic field are treated in detail, which will be of much use to researchers and engineers in the field.The coverage includes the effect of the Lorentz force in materials processing and the magnetic force of recently developed superconducting magnets. It examines heat, mass and momentum transfer in electro-conducting and non-conducting fluids under normal and very strong magnetic fields. The book also treats the Czochralski single crystal growth process and continuous steel casting process as the most important current applications of magnetic fields. Numerical approaches are compared with the corresponding experimental measurements.

In this highly accessible book, leading scientists from around the world give a general overview of research advances in their subject areas within the field of Astronomy. They describe some of their own cutting-edge research and give their visions of the future. Re-written in a popular and well-illustrated style, the articles are mainly derived from scholarly and authoritative papers published in special issues of the Royal Society''s Philosophical Transactions, the world''s longest running scientific journal. Carefully selected by the journal''s editor, topics include the Big Bang creation of the universe, the formation and evolution of the stars and galaxies, cold dark matter, explosive sun-spot events, and humankind''s exploration of the solar system. The book conveys the excitement and enthusiasm of the authors for their work at the frontiers of astronomy. All are definitive reviews for people with a general interest in the future directions of science.

We often forget that the science underpinning our contemporary civilization is not a marmoreal edifice. On the contrary, at each moment in its development over past centuries, it grew and advanced through the efforts of individuals and the institutions they created. As Director of the Royal Institution and its Davy Faraday Research Laboratory throughout the 1990s, the author had a unique vantage point to observe how places and people condition the way science has been shaped in the past and continues to be today. The author''s background as a practicing solid state chemist, with a lively concern for issues engaging public awareness of science, have led him to recognize and celebrate, not just the remarkable contributions and unusual lives of past scientific heroes like Rumford and Faraday, but also their present day successors. Over the years, this insight has resulted in a wide variety of articles and essays, spread through many publications; a selection of these is collected in this book.The tapestry of science does not just consist of facts uncovered about the natural world and the laws that connect them. As perhaps the finest product of the human mind, its substance and direction are strongly conditioned (some might even say determined) by the people drawn to take part in it and the environments in which they work. This book is an edited collection of essays on aspects of the lives of some famous (as well as less well-known) scientists and places where science is carried out, combined with popular accounts of some of the science the author himself has been involved in. Although it focuses on the Royal Institution and some of those associated with it, it ranges more widely to embrace some contemporary scientists known personally to the author, each of whom had an unusual and distinctive career. At the same time, the science itself, while at the cutting edge, is placed firmly in its historical perspective. The essays are collected into themes, each of which is prefaced and put in context by a short introduction.