Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology

Linda Cardozo, OBE, MD, FRCOG, is Professor of Urogynecology and Consultant Gynecologist at King’s College Hospital, London, UK. David R. Staskin, MD, is Director, Female Urology and Male Voiding Dysfunction, St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center and Associate Professor of Urology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

• BACKGROUND ISSUES: The history of Urogynecology and Female Urology. Tackling the Stigma of Incontinence. The Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence, other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Pelvic Organ Prolapse. The Natural History and Prevention of Urinary Incontinence and Urogenital Prolapse. The history of surgery for urinary incontinence. The history of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Medical Error and Patient Safety in Surgery. Medical legal issues. ROLE OF PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES AND HEALTH ECONOMICS: Introduction. Patient-Reported Outcomes: From Development to Utilization. Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires to Assess Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptom Impact. Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires to Screen and Measure Satisfaction, Expectations, and Goal Achievement Questionnaires to Assess Sexual Function. Questionnaires to Assess Bowel Function. International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire. Electronic Assessment Capability Questionnaires? Questionnaires to Assess Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Economic Aspects of Urinary Incontinence. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND ANORECTAL TRACT IN WOMEN: Anatomy. Embryology of the Female Urogenital System and Clinical Applications. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine for the Female Genitourinary System. Physiology of Micturition. Pharmacology of the Bladder and Emerging Treatments. Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in the Female Patient. Research Horizons: Translational and in Development. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF INCONTINENCE AND UROGENITAL PROLAPSE: History and Examination. Bladder Diary and Symptom Scores. Pad Tests and Adjunctive Investigations. Basic Urodynamic Tests: Uroflowmetry. Basic Urodynamic Tests: Filling and Voiding Cystometry. Tests of Urethral Function. Special Urodynamic Tests: Videourodynamics. Special Urodynamic Test: Ambulatory Urodynamics. Basic Neurological Evaluation and Referral. Imaging of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract: Radiology. Imaging of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract: Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urogynecology. Endoscopy. Urinalysis. CONSERVATIVE AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPIES: The Role of the Continence Nurse. Behavioral Therapies and Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women. Physiotherapy for Urinary Incontinence. Pessaries and Devices: Nonsurgical Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence. Catheters, Pads, and Pants. Drug Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Women. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity and Overactive Bladder. Electrical Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation Peripheral Neuromodulation. Sacral Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Female Overactive Bladder Syndrome and Nonobstructive Urinary Retention. Minimally invasive interventions: Nonsurgical Transurethral Radio Frequency therapy, Laser and other interventions for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence. Injectable Bulking Agents in the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence. ASSOCIATED DISORDERS: The Overactive Bladder. Neurological Disorders. Nonneurogenic Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Retention. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Pelvic Pain. Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. Microbiome. Cystitis. Vaginitis. Pregnancy and Childbirth and the Effect on the Pelvic Floor. Problems Associated with Sexual Activity. Menopause. Sports and Fitness Activities. Anal Incontinence. Constipation. Female Sexual Dysfunction. Multidisciplinary Clinics. SURGERY FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE. How and why incontinence surgery works. Peri- and postoperative care. Traditional surgery and other historical procedures for Stress Incontinence.Retropubic urethropexy. Fascial slings.Retropubic mid urethral sling procedure for the treatment of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence. Transobturator tape for surgical treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Outside-in technique. Single-incision minislings. Readjustable slings: Safyre and Remeex. Artificial urinary sphincter for treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in women. Diagnosis and treatment of obstruction following incontinence surgery: Urethrolysis and other techniques. Complications of stress urinary incontinence surgery. Mesh complications and their management. SURGERY FOR UROGENITAL PROLAPSE. Classification and epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Enterocele. Rectocele: Anatomic and functional repair. Vaginal approach to apical suspension. Open abdominal approach to supporting the vaginal apex. Uterine preservation and hysteropexy.Surgery for urogenital prolapse: Colpocleisis. Biologic and synthetic grafts in reconstructive pelvic surgery. Complications of synthetic mesh used to repair Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence. Management of the perineum, episiotomy, and perineal reconstruction. Primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Surgery for fecal incontinence. Rectal prolapse and other causes of defecatory dysfunction. LAPAROSCOPY AND ROBOTICS. Introduction: The role of laparoscopic surgery in Urogynecology. Abdominal and pelvic anatomy through the laparoscope .Training and accreditation in laparoscopic and robotic pelvic floor surgery .Laparoscopic colposuspension.Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy. Prevention, recognition, and treatment of complications in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery. The role of robotic surgery. Cost-effectiveness in laparoscopic and robotic surgery in Urogynecology. New techniques in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery. COMPLEX PROBLEMS. Diagnosis of urogenital fistula. Transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula. Transabdominal vesicovaginal and vesicouterine fistula repair. Management of obstetric urogenital fistula. Management of iatrogenic ureteral injury and ureterovaginal fistula. Management of urethrovaginal fistula. Urethral diverticulum. Diagnosis and management of female urethral stricture disease. Bladder reconstruction and urinary diversion. Gynaecological developmental abnormalities. Pediatric Urogynecology. Female cosmetic genital surgery. Gender-affirming surgery, care, and common complications. APPENDIX:Standardised terminology for incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction.Index