The contents reflect the work of the Building Conservation and Research Team, their colleagues at Historic England, and their consultants and researchers, who together have many decades of accumulated experience in dealing with deteriorating building materials and systems of all types. This multi-disciplinary team of architects, surveyors, conservators and scientists are responsible for standard setting and research across a wide range of Historic England activities. The team specialises in dealing with the practical, technical and scientific aspects of building materials decay and their treatment. The aim has been to provide practical advice by advocating a common approach of firstly understanding the material or building element and why it is deteriorating, and then dealing with the causes. The books concentrate on those aspects which are significant in conservation terms, and reflect the requests for information received by Historic England.

‘The layers of information contained in these volumes allow this handbook to be of great use to practitioners who work with brick and terra-cotta. The volumes should be part of every professional’s library … They can, and should, be read and reread.’ – Diane Kaese, RA, AIA, Kaese Architecture PLLC

• About This Book. Using This Book. Part 1: General Introduction 1. Earth Brick & Terracotta: A Historical Perspective 2. Deterioration & Damage 3. Assessment 4. Treatment & Repair 5. Care & Maintenance 6. Earth Part 2: Materials and History of Use 7. Earth Building in England 8. Earthen Construction Materials Part 3: Deterioration and Damage 8. Factors in Deterioration Part 4: Assessment 9. Introduction 10. Assessing Condition 11. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration 12. Assessing Moisture Problems 13. Material Analysis Part 5: Treatment and Repair 14. Planning & Preliminary Works 15. Repair 16. Case Studies Part 6: Care and Maintenance 17. Wall Paintings on Earthen Supports 18. Picture Credits: Part A Part 7: Brick 19. Materials and History of Use 20. Traditional Brickmaking in England 21. Building with Brick 22. History of Building with Brick Part 8: Deterioration and Damage 23. Causes of Deterioration 24. Assessment 25. Understanding Brick Buildings 26. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 9: Treatment and Repair 27. Introduction 28. Structural Repairs 29. Non-Structural Repairs 30. Cleaning Part 10: Care and maintenance 31. Terracotta 32. Materials and History of Use 33. Terracotta Building in England 34. Making Terracotta 35. Constructing with Terracotta 36. History of Architectural Terracotta Part 11: Deterioration and Damage 37. Introduction 38. Causes of Deterioration 39. Assessment 40. Understanding Terracotta Buildings 41. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 12: Treatment and Repair 42. General Principles 43. Structural Repairs 44. Non-structural Repairs 45. Replacement 46. Cleaning 47. Case Studies Part 13: Care and Maintenance 48. Special Topic: Tiles 49. Architectural Tiles in England 50. Deterioration & Damage 51. Assessment 52. Treatment & Repair 53. Care & Maintenance 54. Case Studies Appendix. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. Acknowledgements. Picture Credits: Part B

The contents reflect the work of the Building Conservation and Research Team, their colleagues at Historic England, and their consultants and researchers, who together have many decades of accumulated experience in dealing with deteriorating building materials and systems of all types. This multi-disciplinary team of architects, surveyors, conservators and scientists are responsible for standard setting and research across a wide range of Historic England activities. The team specialises in dealing with the practical, technical and scientific aspects of building materials decay and their treatment. The aim has been to provide practical advice by advocating a common approach of firstly understanding the material or building element and why it is deteriorating, and then dealing with the causes. The books concentrate on those aspects which are significant in conservation terms, and reflect the requests for information received by Historic England.

‘The layers of information contained in these volumes allow this handbook to be of great use to practitioners who work with brick and terra-cotta. The volumes should be part of every professional’s library … They can, and should, be read and reread.’ – Diane Kaese, RA, AIA, Kaese Architecture PLLC

• About This Book. Using This Book. Part 1: General Introduction 1. Earth Brick & Terracotta: A Historical Perspective 2. Deterioration & Damage 3. Assessment 4. Treatment & Repair 5. Care & Maintenance 6. Earth Part 2: Materials and History of Use 7. Earth Building in England 8. Earthen Construction Materials Part 3: Deterioration and Damage 8. Factors in Deterioration Part 4: Assessment 9. Introduction 10. Assessing Condition 11. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration 12. Assessing Moisture Problems 13. Material Analysis Part 5: Treatment and Repair 14. Planning & Preliminary Works 15. Repair 16. Case Studies Part 6: Care and Maintenance 17. Wall Paintings on Earthen Supports 18. Picture Credits: Part A Part 7: Brick 19. Materials and History of Use 20. Traditional Brickmaking in England 21. Building with Brick 22. History of Building with Brick Part 8: Deterioration and Damage 23. Causes of Deterioration 24. Assessment 25. Understanding Brick Buildings 26. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 9: Treatment and Repair 27. Introduction 28. Structural Repairs 29. Non-Structural Repairs 30. Cleaning Part 10: Care and maintenance 31. Terracotta 32. Materials and History of Use 33. Terracotta Building in England 34. Making Terracotta 35. Constructing with Terracotta 36. History of Architectural Terracotta Part 11: Deterioration and Damage 37. Introduction 38. Causes of Deterioration 39. Assessment 40. Understanding Terracotta Buildings 41. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 12: Treatment and Repair 42. General Principles 43. Structural Repairs 44. Non-structural Repairs 45. Replacement 46. Cleaning 47. Case Studies Part 13: Care and Maintenance 48. Special Topic: Tiles 49. Architectural Tiles in England 50. Deterioration & Damage 51. Assessment 52. Treatment & Repair 53. Care & Maintenance 54. Case Studies Appendix. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. Acknowledgements. Picture Credits: Part B

The contents reflect the work of the Building Conservation and Research Team, their colleagues at Historic England, and their consultants and researchers, who together have many decades of accumulated experience in dealing with deteriorating building materials and systems of all types. This multi-disciplinary team of architects, surveyors, conservators and scientists are responsible for standard setting and research across a wide range of Historic England activities. The team specialises in dealing with the practical, technical and scientific aspects of building materials decay and their treatment. The aim has been to provide practical advice by advocating a common approach of firstly understanding the material or building element and why it is deteriorating, and then dealing with the causes. The books concentrate on those aspects which are significant in conservation terms, and reflect the requests for information received by Historic England.

‘The layers of information contained in these volumes allow this handbook to be of great use to practitioners who work with brick and terra-cotta. The volumes should be part of every professional’s library … They can, and should, be read and reread.’ – Diane Kaese, RA, AIA, Kaese Architecture PLLC

• About This Book. Using This Book. Part 1: General Introduction 1. Earth Brick & Terracotta: A Historical Perspective 2. Deterioration & Damage 3. Assessment 4. Treatment & Repair 5. Care & Maintenance 6. Earth Part 2: Materials and History of Use 7. Earth Building in England 8. Earthen Construction Materials Part 3: Deterioration and Damage 8. Factors in Deterioration Part 4: Assessment 9. Introduction 10. Assessing Condition 11. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration 12. Assessing Moisture Problems 13. Material Analysis Part 5: Treatment and Repair 14. Planning & Preliminary Works 15. Repair 16. Case Studies Part 6: Care and Maintenance 17. Wall Paintings on Earthen Supports 18. Picture Credits: Part A Part 7: Brick 19. Materials and History of Use 20. Traditional Brickmaking in England 21. Building with Brick 22. History of Building with Brick Part 8: Deterioration and Damage 23. Causes of Deterioration 24. Assessment 25. Understanding Brick Buildings 26. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 9: Treatment and Repair 27. Introduction 28. Structural Repairs 29. Non-Structural Repairs 30. Cleaning Part 10: Care and maintenance 31. Terracotta 32. Materials and History of Use 33. Terracotta Building in England 34. Making Terracotta 35. Constructing with Terracotta 36. History of Architectural Terracotta Part 11: Deterioration and Damage 37. Introduction 38. Causes of Deterioration 39. Assessment 40. Understanding Terracotta Buildings 41. Symptoms & Diagnosis of Causes of Deterioration Part 12: Treatment and Repair 42. General Principles 43. Structural Repairs 44. Non-structural Repairs 45. Replacement 46. Cleaning 47. Case Studies Part 13: Care and Maintenance 48. Special Topic: Tiles 49. Architectural Tiles in England 50. Deterioration & Damage 51. Assessment 52. Treatment & Repair 53. Care & Maintenance 54. Case Studies Appendix. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. Acknowledgements. Picture Credits: Part B