About our authors Theodore L. Brown received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical Society.H. Eugene Lemay, Jr., received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Pacific Lutheran University (Washington) and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1966 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He then joined the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, where he is currently Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He has enjoyed Visiting Professorships at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, at the University College of Wales in Great Britain, and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Professor LeMay is a popular and effective teacher, who has taught thousands of students during more than 40 years of university teaching. Known for the clarity of his lectures and his sense of humor, he has received several teaching awards, including the University Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award (1991) and the first Regents' Teaching Award given by the State of Nevada Board of Regents (1997).Bruce E. Bursten received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1978. After two years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Texas A&M University, he joined the faculty of The Ohio State University, where he rose to the rank of Distinguished University Professor. In 2005, he moved to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, as Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. In 2015, he moved to Worcester Polytechnic Institute as Provost and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Professor Bursten has been a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, and he is a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society. At Ohio State he received the University Distinguished Teaching Award in 1982 and 1996, the Arts and Sciences Student Council Outstanding Teaching Award in 1984, and the University Distinguished Scholar Award in 1990. He received the Spiers Memorial Prize and Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2003, and the Morley Medal of the Cleveland Section of the American Chemical Society in 2005. He was President of the American Chemical Society for 2008 and Chair of the Section on Chemistry of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015. Professor Bursten's research program focuses on theoretical studies of compounds of the transition-metal and actinide elements.Catherine J. Murphy received two B.S. degrees, one in Chemistry and one in Biochemistry, from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in 1986. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1990. She was a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow at the California Institute of Technology from 1990 to 1993. In 1993, she joined the faculty of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, becoming the Guy F. Lipscomb Professor of Chemistry in 2003. In 2009 she moved to the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, as the Peter C. and Gretchen Miller Markunas Professor of Chemistry. Professor Murphy has been honored for both research and teaching as a Camille Dreyfus Teacher- Scholar, an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, a Cottrell Scholar of the Research Corporation, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award winner, and a subsequent NSF Award for Special Creativity. She has also received a USC Mortar Board Excellence in Teaching Award, the USC Golden Key Faculty Award for Creative Integration of Research and Undergraduate Teaching, the USC Michael J. Mungo Undergraduate Teaching Award, and the USC Outstanding Undergraduate Research Mentor Award. From 2006–2011, Professor Murphy served as a Senior Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry; in 2011 she became the Deputy Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry C. She is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008), the American Chemical Society (2011), the Royal Society of Chemistry (2014), and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2015). Professor Murphy's research program focuses on the synthesis, optical properties, surface chemistry, biological applications, and environmental implications of colloidal inorganic nanomaterials.Patrick M. Woodward received B.S. degrees in both Chemistry and Engineering from Idaho State University in 1991. He received a M.S. degree in Materials Science and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Oregon State University in 1996. He spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1998, he joined the faculty of the Chemistry Department at The Ohio State University where he currently holds the rank of Professor. He has enjoyed visiting professorships at the University of Bordeaux in France and the University of Sydney in Australia. Professor Woodward has been recognized with an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society. He has served as Vice Chair for Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Ohio State University, and director of the Ohio REEL program. Professor Woodward's research program focuses on understanding the links between bonding, structure, and properties of solid-state inorganic materials.Matthew W. Stoltzfus received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Millersville University in 2002 and his Ph. D. in Chemistry in 2007 from The Ohio State University. He spent two years as a teaching postdoctoral assistant for the Ohio REEL program, an NSF-funded center that works to bring authentic research experiments into the general chemistry lab curriculum in 15 colleges and universities across the state of Ohio. In 2009, he joined the faculty of Ohio State where he currently holds the position of Chemistry Lecturer. In addition to lecturing general chemistry, Stoltzfus served as a Faculty Fellow for the Digital First Initiative, inspiring instructors to offer engaging digital learning content to students through emerging technology. Through this initiative, he developed an iTunes U general chemistry course, which has attracted over 200,000 students from all over the world. The iTunes U course, along with the videos at www.drfus.com, are designed to supplement the text and can be used by any general chemistry student. Stoltzfus has received several teaching awards, including the inaugural Ohio State University 2013 Provost's Award for Distinguished Teaching by a Lecturer and he is recognized as an Apple Distinguished Educator.

• Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry Reactions in Aqueous Solution Thermochemistry Electronic Structure of Atoms Periodic Properties of The Elements Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Gases Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Solids and Modern Materials Properties of Solutions Chemical Kinetics Chemical Equilibrium Acid–base Equilibria Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers, Titrations, and Solubility Chemistry of the Environment Chemical Thermodynamics Electrochemistry Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry of the Nonmetals Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

About our authors Theodore L. Brown received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical Society.H. Eugene Lemay, Jr., received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Pacific Lutheran University (Washington) and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1966 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He then joined the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, where he is currently Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He has enjoyed Visiting Professorships at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, at the University College of Wales in Great Britain, and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Professor LeMay is a popular and effective teacher, who has taught thousands of students during more than 40 years of university teaching. Known for the clarity of his lectures and his sense of humor, he has received several teaching awards, including the University Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award (1991) and the first Regents' Teaching Award given by the State of Nevada Board of Regents (1997).Bruce E. Bursten received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1978. After two years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Texas A&M University, he joined the faculty of The Ohio State University, where he rose to the rank of Distinguished University Professor. In 2005, he moved to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, as Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. In 2015, he moved to Worcester Polytechnic Institute as Provost and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Professor Bursten has been a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, and he is a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society. At Ohio State he received the University Distinguished Teaching Award in 1982 and 1996, the Arts and Sciences Student Council Outstanding Teaching Award in 1984, and the University Distinguished Scholar Award in 1990. He received the Spiers Memorial Prize and Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2003, and the Morley Medal of the Cleveland Section of the American Chemical Society in 2005. He was President of the American Chemical Society for 2008 and Chair of the Section on Chemistry of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015. Professor Bursten's research program focuses on theoretical studies of compounds of the transition-metal and actinide elements.Catherine J. Murphy received two B.S. degrees, one in Chemistry and one in Biochemistry, from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in 1986. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1990. She was a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow at the California Institute of Technology from 1990 to 1993. In 1993, she joined the faculty of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, becoming the Guy F. Lipscomb Professor of Chemistry in 2003. In 2009 she moved to the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, as the Peter C. and Gretchen Miller Markunas Professor of Chemistry. Professor Murphy has been honored for both research and teaching as a Camille Dreyfus Teacher- Scholar, an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, a Cottrell Scholar of the Research Corporation, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award winner, and a subsequent NSF Award for Special Creativity. She has also received a USC Mortar Board Excellence in Teaching Award, the USC Golden Key Faculty Award for Creative Integration of Research and Undergraduate Teaching, the USC Michael J. Mungo Undergraduate Teaching Award, and the USC Outstanding Undergraduate Research Mentor Award. From 2006–2011, Professor Murphy served as a Senior Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry; in 2011 she became the Deputy Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry C. She is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008), the American Chemical Society (2011), the Royal Society of Chemistry (2014), and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2015). Professor Murphy's research program focuses on the synthesis, optical properties, surface chemistry, biological applications, and environmental implications of colloidal inorganic nanomaterials.Patrick M. Woodward received B.S. degrees in both Chemistry and Engineering from Idaho State University in 1991. He received a M.S. degree in Materials Science and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Oregon State University in 1996. He spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1998, he joined the faculty of the Chemistry Department at The Ohio State University where he currently holds the rank of Professor. He has enjoyed visiting professorships at the University of Bordeaux in France and the University of Sydney in Australia. Professor Woodward has been recognized with an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society. He has served as Vice Chair for Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Ohio State University, and director of the Ohio REEL program. Professor Woodward's research program focuses on understanding the links between bonding, structure, and properties of solid-state inorganic materials.Matthew W. Stoltzfus received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Millersville University in 2002 and his Ph. D. in Chemistry in 2007 from The Ohio State University. He spent two years as a teaching postdoctoral assistant for the Ohio REEL program, an NSF-funded center that works to bring authentic research experiments into the general chemistry lab curriculum in 15 colleges and universities across the state of Ohio. In 2009, he joined the faculty of Ohio State where he currently holds the position of Chemistry Lecturer. In addition to lecturing general chemistry, Stoltzfus served as a Faculty Fellow for the Digital First Initiative, inspiring instructors to offer engaging digital learning content to students through emerging technology. Through this initiative, he developed an iTunes U general chemistry course, which has attracted over 200,000 students from all over the world. The iTunes U course, along with the videos at www.drfus.com, are designed to supplement the text and can be used by any general chemistry student. Stoltzfus has received several teaching awards, including the inaugural Ohio State University 2013 Provost's Award for Distinguished Teaching by a Lecturer and he is recognized as an Apple Distinguished Educator.

• Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry Reactions in Aqueous Solution Thermochemistry Electronic Structure of Atoms Periodic Properties of The Elements Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Gases Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Solids and Modern Materials Properties of Solutions Chemical Kinetics Chemical Equilibrium Acid–base Equilibria Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers, Titrations, and Solubility Chemistry of the Environment Chemical Thermodynamics Electrochemistry Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry of the Nonmetals Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

About our authors Theodore L. Brown received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical Society.H. Eugene Lemay, Jr., received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Pacific Lutheran University (Washington) and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1966 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He then joined the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, where he is currently Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He has enjoyed Visiting Professorships at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, at the University College of Wales in Great Britain, and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Professor LeMay is a popular and effective teacher, who has taught thousands of students during more than 40 years of university teaching. Known for the clarity of his lectures and his sense of humor, he has received several teaching awards, including the University Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award (1991) and the first Regents' Teaching Award given by the State of Nevada Board of Regents (1997).Bruce E. Bursten received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1978. After two years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Texas A&M University, he joined the faculty of The Ohio State University, where he rose to the rank of Distinguished University Professor. In 2005, he moved to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, as Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. In 2015, he moved to Worcester Polytechnic Institute as Provost and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Professor Bursten has been a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, and he is a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society. At Ohio State he received the University Distinguished Teaching Award in 1982 and 1996, the Arts and Sciences Student Council Outstanding Teaching Award in 1984, and the University Distinguished Scholar Award in 1990. He received the Spiers Memorial Prize and Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2003, and the Morley Medal of the Cleveland Section of the American Chemical Society in 2005. He was President of the American Chemical Society for 2008 and Chair of the Section on Chemistry of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015. Professor Bursten's research program focuses on theoretical studies of compounds of the transition-metal and actinide elements.Catherine J. Murphy received two B.S. degrees, one in Chemistry and one in Biochemistry, from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in 1986. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1990. She was a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow at the California Institute of Technology from 1990 to 1993. In 1993, she joined the faculty of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, becoming the Guy F. Lipscomb Professor of Chemistry in 2003. In 2009 she moved to the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, as the Peter C. and Gretchen Miller Markunas Professor of Chemistry. Professor Murphy has been honored for both research and teaching as a Camille Dreyfus Teacher- Scholar, an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, a Cottrell Scholar of the Research Corporation, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award winner, and a subsequent NSF Award for Special Creativity. She has also received a USC Mortar Board Excellence in Teaching Award, the USC Golden Key Faculty Award for Creative Integration of Research and Undergraduate Teaching, the USC Michael J. Mungo Undergraduate Teaching Award, and the USC Outstanding Undergraduate Research Mentor Award. From 2006–2011, Professor Murphy served as a Senior Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry; in 2011 she became the Deputy Editor for the Journal of Physical Chemistry C. She is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008), the American Chemical Society (2011), the Royal Society of Chemistry (2014), and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2015). Professor Murphy's research program focuses on the synthesis, optical properties, surface chemistry, biological applications, and environmental implications of colloidal inorganic nanomaterials.Patrick M. Woodward received B.S. degrees in both Chemistry and Engineering from Idaho State University in 1991. He received a M.S. degree in Materials Science and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Oregon State University in 1996. He spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1998, he joined the faculty of the Chemistry Department at The Ohio State University where he currently holds the rank of Professor. He has enjoyed visiting professorships at the University of Bordeaux in France and the University of Sydney in Australia. Professor Woodward has been recognized with an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society. He has served as Vice Chair for Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Ohio State University, and director of the Ohio REEL program. Professor Woodward's research program focuses on understanding the links between bonding, structure, and properties of solid-state inorganic materials.Matthew W. Stoltzfus received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Millersville University in 2002 and his Ph. D. in Chemistry in 2007 from The Ohio State University. He spent two years as a teaching postdoctoral assistant for the Ohio REEL program, an NSF-funded center that works to bring authentic research experiments into the general chemistry lab curriculum in 15 colleges and universities across the state of Ohio. In 2009, he joined the faculty of Ohio State where he currently holds the position of Chemistry Lecturer. In addition to lecturing general chemistry, Stoltzfus served as a Faculty Fellow for the Digital First Initiative, inspiring instructors to offer engaging digital learning content to students through emerging technology. Through this initiative, he developed an iTunes U general chemistry course, which has attracted over 200,000 students from all over the world. The iTunes U course, along with the videos at www.drfus.com, are designed to supplement the text and can be used by any general chemistry student. Stoltzfus has received several teaching awards, including the inaugural Ohio State University 2013 Provost's Award for Distinguished Teaching by a Lecturer and he is recognized as an Apple Distinguished Educator.

• Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry Reactions in Aqueous Solution Thermochemistry Electronic Structure of Atoms Periodic Properties of The Elements Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Gases Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Solids and Modern Materials Properties of Solutions Chemical Kinetics Chemical Equilibrium Acid–base Equilibria Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers, Titrations, and Solubility Chemistry of the Environment Chemical Thermodynamics Electrochemistry Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry of the Nonmetals Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry