Visar resultat för..."rock grouting"

This book focuses on the permeability of the foundation of dams, how to determine their state and how to tighten permeable rock to achieve safe foundations for large dams. It includes theoretical fundamentals as well as lessons learned in their application in practical construction work in eminent projects. It also discusses aspects such as the permeability of the rock mass at the dam site, including the hydraulic characteristics of water conducting openings and their effect on the reliability of water pressure test (WPT) results; the influence of particular geological factors on the hydrogeological regime at the site, as well as the hydrofracturing behavior and individual groutability; and the relationship between quantities of grout takes and the degree of impermeabilization.

This book focuses on the permeability of the foundation of dams, how to determine their state and how to tighten permeable rock to achieve safe foundations for large dams.

Fifteen years have passed since I was working at a dam site super­ vising grouting work. That was not the first time that I had to car­ ry out engineering geological investigations for several similar projects, which always included testing programmes to find out the permeability of the rock, and often I was in charge of grouting work. It thus attracted my attention when this particular grouting programme did not run as intended: most of the grout holes took only very little grout! It could not be the aim of the invested work simply to drill holes and fill them again without bringing about any further improvement. Fortunately, I had the chance to be en­ gaged in many other grouting programmes in the following years and used all these examples to analyse as thoroughly as possible the permeability of the rocks being treated in view of their grout­ ability. The more I studied, the stronger my conviction grew that our rules which had decided the grouting of rock for many de­ cades should be developed further, and therefore I occupied my­ self with contributing some ideas for a new basis to investigation and judgment of permeability of rock and for a more adequate application of this technology.

This volume includes reports covering sucessful grouting works and attempts to answer the questions: which grouting material, what grouting pressure and what size of boreholes are necessary to complete a specific job in the most efficient way?

Deals with the design and execution of grouting works in all kinds of rock and soil, including jet grouting. Design principles are discussed whereby different approaches, exercised in different parts of the world, are compared to each other and evaluated.

The stability of underground and surface geotechnical structures during and after excavation is of great concern as any kind of instability may result in damage to the environment as well as time-consuming high cost repair work. The forms of instability, their mechanisms and the conditions associated with them must be understood so that correct stabilisation of the structure through rock reinforcement and/or rock support can be undertaken.Rock Reinforcement and Rock Support elucidates the reinforcement functions of rock bolts/rock anchors and support systems consisting of shotcrete, steel ribs and concrete liners and evaluates their reinforcement and supporting effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. It draws on the research activities and practices carried out by the author for more than three decades and has culminated in a most extensive up-to-date and a complete treatise on rock reinforcement and rock support.

The stability of underground and surface geotechnical structures during and after excavation is of great concern as any kind of instability may result in damage to the environment as well as time-consuming high cost repair work. The forms of instability, their mechanisms and the conditions associated with them must be understood so that correct stabilisation of the structure through rock reinforcement and/or rock support can be undertaken.Rock Reinforcement and Rock Support elucidates the reinforcement functions of rock bolts/rock anchors and support systems consisting of shotcrete, steel ribs and concrete liners and evaluates their reinforcement and supporting effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. It draws on the research activities and practices carried out by the author for more than three decades and has culminated in a most extensive up-to-date and a complete treatise on rock reinforcement and rock support.

Competition for buildable land, not least in the centres of towns and cities, is intensifying. Experience has shown that many important functions in dense city centres can be placed in tunnels and rock caverns instead of building them on the surface. One common feature of underground facilities is that there is often little or no sign of them on the surface, thereby freeing up valuable land for other purposes such as buildings and parks. The option of building underground applies not only to infrastructure, such as road and rail tunnels and wastewater treatment plants, but also facilities for other human activities and recreation, such as underground museums, cinemas, swimming pools and archives. These and many more examples of how the underground space can be used to benefit society are described in this book. In an international perspective, Sweden holds a leading position in underground construction, with extensive experience of different types of project. The country has great expertise in rock engineering and a cutting-edge manufacturing industry that serves the sector, and conducts world-leading research. The book contains many examples. One important target group is planners and decision-makers who wish to learn more about the subject and discover the potential of underground construction. However, the text has been deliberately pitched at a level to make the content easily accessible and comprehensible for a broad audience, not just for specialists. The book is divided into six chapters as follows: Chapter 1 describes common motives for placing facilities in tunnels and rock caverns, and the favourable geological conditions for underground construction in Sweden. Chapter 2 considers planning issues and legal aspects of underground construction. Chapter 3 describes technological aspects of rock construction. Chapter 4 contains descriptions of over 30 rock facilities in Sweden, including why and how they were built. Most are in operation, but some of the projects are still in the planning stage. Chapter 5 presents the latest research and development in rock engineering, conducted at leading universities and research institutes in Sweden. Chapter 6 looks to the future, and describes some conceivable underground projects in Sweden. Some have even reached the planning stage, while others are more visionary in character. The book is the result of a collaboration between the Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo), the Swedish Rock Engineering Association, the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), the J. Gust. Richert Memorial Foundation, and professionals who contributed on a volunteer basis. Our hope is that the book will increase understanding of the potential of tunnels and rock caverns in resolving societal challenges, and of how the rock under our feet can be a valuable resource in urban construction.

Whether or not, you are on the job site or back in the office, this book will help you to avoid mistakes, code violations, and wasted time and money. The book's four part treatment begins with constituent materials followed by self contained parts on Concrete Properties, Processes, and Concrete Repair and Rehabilitation.

Designed to be an "all in one" reference, the author includes a wealth information for the most popular types of testing. This includes: Analysis of Fresh Concrete; Testing Machines; Accelerated Testing Methods; Analysis of Hardened Concrete and Mortar; Core Sampling and Testing; Assessment of Concrete Construction ; Repair; Quality Concepts; Quality Control; Statistics; Standards, Specifications, and Codes of Practice. With this book in hand, construction engineers and even technicians find valuable information regarding Exposed Concrete Finishes, Repairing Concrete, Formwork, Precast Concrete, Concrete Roads, and Industrial Floors.

Project managers and owners will find this reference a valuable guide to concrete both in terms of its applications in construction projects and the science and chemistry of concrete for its own sake.

Fundamentals of Concrete Chemistry

Handy at your figure tip calculations

Tips for working with all types of concretes

Covers Roads, floors, and finishes

Principles of Precast, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete

Rock mass classification methods are commonly used at the preliminary design stages of a construction project when there is very little information. It forms the bases for design and estimation of the required amount and type of rock support and groundwater control measures. Encompassing nearly all aspects of rock mass classifications in detail, Civil Engineering Rock Mass Classification: Tunnelling, Foundations and Landsides provides construction engineers and managers with extensive practical knowledge which is time-tested in the projects in Himalaya and other parts of the world in complex geological conditions.

Rock mass classification is an essential element of feasibility studies for any near surface construction project prior to any excavation or disturbances made to earth. Written by an author team with over 50 years of experience in some of the most difficult mining regions of the world, Civil Engineering Rock Mass Classification: Tunnelling, Foundations and Landsides provides construction engineers, construction managers and mining engineers with the tools and methods to gather geotechnical data, either from rock cuts, drifts or core, and process the information for subsequent analysis. The goal is to use effective mapping techniques to obtain data can be used as input for any of the established rock classification systems. The book covers all of the commonly used classification methods including: Barton's Q and Q' systems, Bieniawski's RMR, Laubscher's MRMR and Hoek's and GSI systems. With this book in hand, engineers will be able to gather geotechnical data, either from rock cuts, drifts or core, and process the information for subsequent analysis. Rich with international case studies and worked out equations, the focus of the book is on the practical gathering information for purposes of analysis and design.

Identify the most significant parameters influencing the behaviour of a rock mass Divide a particular rock mass formulation into groups of similar behaviour, rock mass classes of varying quality Provide a basis of understanding the characteristics of each rock mass class Relate the experience of rock conditions at one site to the conditions and experience encountered at others Derive quantitative data and guidelines for engineering design Provide common basis for communication between engineers and geologists

Air and Gas Drilling Manual, Fourth Edition: Applications for Oil, Gas and Geothermal Fluid Recovery Wells, and Specialized Construction Boreholes, and the History and Advent of the Directional DTH delivers the fundamentals and current methods needed for engineers and managers engaged in drilling operations. Packed with updates, this reference discusses the engineering modelling and planning aspects of underbalanced drilling, the impacts of technological advances in high angle and horizontal drilling, and the importance of new production from shale. in addition, an in-depth discussion is included on well control model planning considerations for completions, along with detailed calculation examples using Mathcad.

This book will update the petroleum and drilling engineer with a much-needed reference to stay on top of drilling methods and new applications in today's operations.

Provides key drilling concepts and applications, including unconventional activity and directional well by gas drilling Updated with new information and data on managed pressure drilling, foam drilling, and aerated fluid drilling Includes practical appendices with Mathcad equation solutions

Geotechnical Investigation and Improvement of Ground Conditions covers practical information on ground improvement and site investigation, considering rock properties and engineering geology and its relation to construction. The book covers geotechnical investigation for construction projects, including classic case studies with geotechnical significance. Additional sections cover soil compaction, soil stabilization, drainage and dewatering, grouting methods, the stone column method, geotextiles, fabrics and earth reinforcement, miscellaneous methods and tools for ground improvement, geotechnical investigation for construction projects, and forensic geotechnical engineering. Final sections present a series of site-specific case studies.

Dedicated to ground improvement techniques and geotechnical site investigation Provides practical guidance on site-specific geotechnical investigation and the subsequent interpretation of data Presents site-specific case studies with geotechnical significance Includes site investigation of soils and rocks Gives field-oriented information and guidance

This book uses actual construction projects as examples to elaborate the various technologies regarding groundwater control and air-tightness guarantees for the construction of large storage rock caverns in complicated geological conditions. It introduces the latest technologies to give hands-on experience of what to do in unexpected geological conditions, and provides insight into the design, construction and operation of underground facilities. The book is hence useful in feasibility studies, developments and other research into these underground facilities.Drawing on the experience gained from building Japan's largest LPG storage caves, Storage of LPG in Large Rock Caverns is a must-read for engineers, academics and students in the fields of rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering and related disciplines.

Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art. Volume 12: Urban Tunnels - Part 2 contains the contributions presented in the eponymous Technical Session during the World Tunnel Congress 2019 (Naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The use of underground space is continuing to grow, due to global urbanization, public demand for efficient transportation, and energy saving, production and distribution. The growing need for space at ground level, along with its continuous value increase and the challenges of energy saving and achieving sustainable development objectives, demand greater and better use of the underground space to ensure that it supports sustainable, resilient and more liveable cities.The contributions cover a wide range of topics, from construction techniques and settlement predictions, via red line tunnels, to the underground widening excavation method.The book is a valuable reference text for tunnelling specialists, owners, engineers, archaeologists, architects, artists and others involved in underground planning, design and building around the world, and for academics who are interested in underground constructions and geotechnics.

Karst terrains have been modified and adapted through a range of human activities as the need for flood control, irrigation, food production, hydropower production and other resources has increased. Successful reclamation projects require construction of dams and reservoirs. Karst terrains present the most complex working conditions for dam foundation and realization of safe reservoir space. Practical engineering solutions are extremely complex and the need for successful solution requires serious investigations and the cooperation of a wide spectrum of scientists and engineers. A wealth of data on dam projects in karst has been collected and presented in this book. Since reservoirs in karst may fail to fill despite extensive investigations and remediation treatment the book includes a description of failures as well.

Natural stone is utilised in monumental works both as a construction material and as a foundation. This volume contains papers and special lectures on monument preservation, reflecting a broad spectrum of issues in three different fields: Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geology. The topics discussed covered the entire process of preservation and included: - Processes of rock degradation - Stone conservation and treatments - Compatible material for restoration - Preservation and risk assessment - In situ and laboratory testing and monitoring - Rock Mechanics studies and modelling in the context of monuments. - Foundation problems - Rock-slope problems at protected sites - Case histories The workshop “Preservation of Natural Stone and Rock Weathering”, was held in Madrid in July 2007, within the framework of the 11th International Congress of the ISRM. Consultants, researchers, designers and contractors, as well as a great variety of professionals in many public and private agencies, will benefit from this volume that brings an updated view of the technical problems of the preservation of stone monuments.

The first complete handbook for every aspect of grouting technologyThe Practical Handbook of Grouting offers the most comprehensive, single-source reference covering all facets of grouting technology, including its application for control of water movement, strengthening of both soil and rock, and a wide range of structural applications. Richly illustrated with hundreds of informative photographs, graphs, and figures, this handbook provides invaluable advice on all stages of a project from initial investigation and design, through execution, monitoring, and quality control.Broad coverage in the Practical Handbook of Grouting begins with a general overview of the topic and includes design and quality control issues, injection techniques, and a thorough discussion of drilling and grouting equipment, with practical focus on building custom equipment.Enriched with real-world insights from the author, the Practical Handbook of Grouting features the latest information on:* Cementitious and noncementitious grouts, including new admixtures and polymers* Special construction requirements, including grouting inside structures, underground spaces, in extreme environments, and for emergency response support* Grouting equipment, including pumps, mixers, agitators, and delivery and monitoring systems* Pump mechanics, including the advantages and limitations of all pump types* "The Games Contractors Play," including marketing efforts, proposal trickery, on-the-job issues, and defending bad workComplete with an extensive bibliography and references, the Practical Handbook of Grouting is a valuable resource for civil, structural, and geotechnical engineers, geologists, contractors, and students in related fields.

Provides exhaustive coverage of cement grouting in rock foundations, outlining all types of cement grout, comparing their suitabilities and describing various ways cement grouting is used in engineering construction. Written and arranged in an easy-to-read manner, the book is arranged as a reference manual with numerous cross-references. Step-by-step explanations on grouting techniques are given in considerable detail and written with both the novice and experienced practitioner in mind. Also covers advanced technology, including the current state of computer use in grouting operations; the latest grouting materials such as microfine; and the use of superplasticizers in cement grout. Chapters are arranged from elementary to advanced technology.

The book provides a new, global, updated, thorough, clear and practical risk-based approach to tunnelling design and construction methods, and discusses detailed examples of solutions applied to relevant case histories. It is organized in three sequential and integrated volumes: Volume 1: Concept – Basic Principles of Design Volume 2: Construction – Methods, Equipment, Tools and Materials Volume 3: Case Histories and Best PracticesThe book covers all aspects of tunnelling, giving useful and practical information about design (Volume 1), construction (Volume 2) and best practices (Volume 3). It provides the following features and benefits: updated vision on tunnelling design, tools, materials and construction balanced mix of theory, technology and applied experience different and harmonized points of view from academics, professionals and contractors easy consultation in the form of a handbook risk-oriented approach to tunnelling problems.The tunnelling industry is amazingly widespread and increasingly important all over the world, particularly in developing countries. The possible audience of the book are engineers, geologists, designers, constructors, providers, contractors, public and private customers, and, in general, technicians involved in the tunnelling and underground works industry. It is also a suitable source of information for industry professionals, senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and academics.

The book provides a new, global, updated, thorough, clear and practical risk-based approach to tunnelling design and construction methods, and discusses detailed examples of solutions applied to relevant case histories. It is organized in three sequential and integrated volumes: Volume 1: Concept – Basic Principles of Design Volume 2: Construction – Methods, Equipment, Tools and Materials Volume 3: Case Histories and Best PracticesThe book covers all aspects of tunnelling, giving useful and practical information about design (Volume 1), construction (Volume 2) and best practices (Volume 3). It provides the following features and benefits: updated vision on tunnelling design, tools, materials and construction balanced mix of theory, technology and applied experience different and harmonized points of view from academics, professionals and contractors easy consultation in the form of a handbook risk-oriented approach to tunnelling problems.The tunnelling industry is amazingly widespread and increasingly important all over the world, particularly in developing countries. The possible audience of the book are engineers, geologists, designers, constructors, providers, contractors, public and private customers, and, in general, technicians involved in the tunnelling and underground works industry. It is also a suitable source of information for industry professionals, senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and academics.

This book set provides a new, global, updated, thorough, clear, and practical risk-based approach to tunnelling design and construction methods, and discusses detailed examples of solutions applied to relevant case histories. It is organized in three sequential and integrated volumes:Volume 1: Concept – Basic Principles of DesignVolume 2: Construction – Methods, Equipment, Tools and MaterialsVolume 3: Case Histories and Best PracticesThe book covers all aspects of tunnelling, giving useful and practical information about design (Vol. 1), construction (Vol. 2), and best practices (Vol. 3). It provides the following features and benefits:updated vision on tunnelling design, tools, materials, and constructionbalanced mix of theory, technology, and applied experiencedifferent and harmonized points of view from academics, professionals, and contractorseasy consultation in the form of a handbookrisk-oriented approach to tunnelling problemsThe tunnelling industry is amazingly widespread and increasingly important all over the world, particularly in developing countries. The possible audience of the book are engineers, geologists, designers, constructors, providers, contractors, public and private customers, and, in general, technicians involved in the tunnelling and underground works industry. It is also a suitable source of information for industry professionals, senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and academics.

Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art. Volume 4: Ground Improvement in Underground Constructions contains the contributions presented in the eponymous Technical Session during the World Tunnel Congress 2019 (Naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The use of underground space is continuing to grow, due to global urbanization, public demand for efficient transportation, and energy saving, production and distribution. The growing need for space at ground level, along with its continuous value increase and the challenges of energy saving and achieving sustainable development objectives, demand greater and better use of the underground space to ensure that it supports sustainable, resilient and more liveable cities.The contributions cover a wide range of topics, from permeation grouting and consolidation works, safety operations, artificial ground freezing to frost heave control. The book is a valuable reference text for tunnelling specialists, owners, engineers, archaeologists, architects, artists and others involved in underground planning, design and building around the world, and for academics who are interested in underground constructions and geotechnics.

Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art. Volume 12: Urban Tunnels - Part 2 contains the contributions presented in the eponymous Technical Session during the World Tunnel Congress 2019 (Naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The use of underground space is continuing to grow, due to global urbanization, public demand for efficient transportation, and energy saving, production and distribution. The growing need for space at ground level, along with its continuous value increase and the challenges of energy saving and achieving sustainable development objectives, demand greater and better use of the underground space to ensure that it supports sustainable, resilient and more liveable cities.The contributions cover a wide range of topics, from construction techniques and settlement predictions, via red line tunnels, to the underground widening excavation method.The book is a valuable reference text for tunnelling specialists, owners, engineers, archaeologists, architects, artists and others involved in underground planning, design and building around the world, and for academics who are interested in underground constructions and geotechnics.

Hydropower can be a source of sustainable energy, provided environmental considerations are taken into account and economic aspects of hydropower design are appropriately addressed. Using concrete-lined pressure tunnels instead of steel pipes may be economically attractive but may also have limitations due to the low tensile strength of concrete. Cracking in concrete tunnel linings can lead to loss of energy production, extensive repairs, and even accidents. One of the techniques available to improve the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels is through prestressing the concrete lining by grouting the circumferential gap between the concrete lining and the rock mass at high pressure. A classical approach to determine the bearing capacity of such tunnels is based on the theory of elasticity, assuming impervious concrete. In this research, a new concept is introduced to assess the effect of seepage on the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels. Also, an innovative approach is proposed to explore the effects of the in-situ stress ratio on the lining performance. Distinction is made based on whether the rock mass behaves as an elasto-plastic isotropic, or elastic anisotropic material. Furthermore, a simplified method is introduced to quantify seepage associated with cracks around the tunnel, which is useful for assessing tunnel stability.

Hydropower can be a source of sustainable energy, provided environmental considerations are taken into account and economic aspects of hydropower design are appropriately addressed. Using concrete-lined pressure tunnels instead of steel pipes may be economically attractive but may also have limitations due to the low tensile strength of concrete. Cracking in concrete tunnel linings can lead to loss of energy production, extensive repairs, and even accidents. One of the techniques available to improve the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels is through prestressing the concrete lining by grouting the circumferential gap between the concrete lining and the rock mass at high pressure. A classical approach to determine the bearing capacity of such tunnels is based on the theory of elasticity, assuming impervious concrete. In this research, a new concept is introduced to assess the effect of seepage on the bearing capacity of pressure tunnels. Also, an innovative approach is proposed to explore the effects of the in-situ stress ratio on the lining performance. Distinction is made based on whether the rock mass behaves as an elasto-plastic isotropic, or elastic anisotropic material. Furthermore, a simplified method is introduced to quantify seepage associated with cracks around the tunnel, which is useful for assessing tunnel stability.

This is a collection of conference papers which discuss construction methods in tunnelling. Subjects studied include; engineering classification and characterization of rock mass; planning, investigation and analysis of tunnels; shafts and inclined tunnels; and tunnelling equipment.

In the past ten years there was a worldwide trend towards increased use of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM's). This trend covers a broad variety of applications ranging both from small diameters for sewers and other utilities to large diameters for double track railway and even three-lane highway tunnels. The response to this has been the development of both hard rock machines in the direction for application in soft ground, and soft ground TBM's to be used in soft rock. Parallel to the technical development of TBM's towards applications for longer tunnels, running through changing geological conditions, there are needs for the development of lining methods. 'TBM Tunnel Trends' an international lecture serie collection, aims to present the latest scientific and practical state of the art of TBM tunnelling, taking into consideration interactions between machinery and lining. 26 international highly recognized papers.

Presenting the proceedings from the 1996 Geomechanics conference, this volume provides coverage of subjects including: in-situ stress testing in geo-engineering; rock mass behaviour and its reinforcement; numerical modelling; non-linear problems; and advances in water jet technology.