Microarray Analysis is a natural outgrowth of the author's teaching and research into the field of microarray processing, a fast growing and developing field. There has been a reduction in the genominomics of sequencing of DNA and proteins: from $3 billion in HGP costs down to $1000 per genome in 2014 using next-generation sequencers.Different sequencing methods in place and various applications of these methods are illustrated. Commercially available Next-Generation Sequencers are compared side-side by side. This book will show how the biochemical reactions involved in the different steps of the cure process can be studied using microarray methods. Examples will be provided throughout the text of various disease states, including the spread of cystic fibrosis in children, consanguineous marriages in Saudi Arabia, genetic disorders, and autoimmune disorders. The protocols from sample preparation to confocal scanning microscopy and detectors using photo multiplier tubes to statistical data analysis methods will be discussed in detail. The Polymerase chain reaction, a technique used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule is explored in relation to the best surface to be used for Microarray Analysis. Sanger sequencing, sequencing by synthesis, sequencing by ligation, single molecule sensing, DNA passage through nanopores in graphene are some methods used for obtaining sequence distribution information.

Concise, yet comprehensive, coverage of various endoscopic forms as provided in this book will help the reader generate new knowledge in this field.Endoscopy has been in practice for many years in diagnostic medicine. From a simple image collection device, the endoscope has grown into an instrument that incorporates multiple imaging modalities to extract structural and functional information from different parts of the human body. Multimodality endoscopes are discussed in detail in this book, along with their clinical applications. The book is intended for graduate-level students as a quick reference to understand the evolving trends in endoscopic design research. The challenges that remain unaddressed could potentially be explored by biomedical researchers to advance this technology to realize the concept of optical biopsy during routine endoscopic examinations. The book portrays the endoscope as a purely optical instrument, and hence hybrid modes of endoscopic imaging are not covered.

Biomedical engineering is one of the most prominent and rapidly developing engineering fields. It is a discipline that is involved in the development of devices, algorithms, processes, procedures and systems to enhance and improve the medical field. Biomedical engineering has multiple areas of specialization that include: biomechanics, biomaterials, tissue engineering, imaging, and bioinstrumentation. This book serves as a guide to students and professionals seeking to understand commonly used technical terms and phrases in the biomedical engineering field. The content is specifically designed to define technical terms in a general context to facilitate an overall understanding. The author begins by translating terms in English to Arabic then Arabic to English. This text can be used as a tool in the academic or professional environment for both English speaking and non-English speaking individuals alike.

Microarray Analysis is a natural outgrowth of the author's teaching and research into the field of microarray processing, a fast growing and developing field. There has been a reduction in the genominomics of sequencing of DNA and proteins: from $3 billion in HGP costs down to $1000 per genome in 2014 using next-generation sequencers.Different sequencing methods in place and various applications of these methods are illustrated. Commercially available Next-Generation Sequencers are compared side-side by side. This book will show how the biochemical reactions involved in the different steps of the cure process can be studied using microarray methods. Examples will be provided throughout the text of various disease states, including the spread of cystic fibrosis in children, consanguineous marriages in Saudi Arabia, genetic disorders, and autoimmune disorders. The protocols from sample preparation to confocal scanning microscopy and detectors using photo multiplier tubes to statistical data analysis methods will be discussed in detail. The Polymerase chain reaction, a technique used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule is explored in relation to the best surface to be used for Microarray Analysis. Sanger sequencing, sequencing by synthesis, sequencing by ligation, single molecule sensing, DNA passage through nanopores in graphene are some methods used for obtaining sequence distribution information.

Concise, yet comprehensive, coverage of various endoscopic forms as provided in this book will help the reader generate new knowledge in this field.Endoscopy has been in practice for many years in diagnostic medicine. From a simple image collection device, the endoscope has grown into an instrument that incorporates multiple imaging modalities to extract structural and functional information from different parts of the human body. Multimodality endoscopes are discussed in detail in this book, along with their clinical applications. The book is intended for graduate-level students as a quick reference to understand the evolving trends in endoscopic design research. The challenges that remain unaddressed could potentially be explored by biomedical researchers to advance this technology to realize the concept of optical biopsy during routine endoscopic examinations. The book portrays the endoscope as a purely optical instrument, and hence hybrid modes of endoscopic imaging are not covered.

Biomedical engineering is one of the most prominent and rapidly developing engineering fields. It is a discipline that is involved in the development of devices, algorithms, processes, procedures and systems to enhance and improve the medical field. Biomedical engineering has multiple areas of specialization that include: biomechanics, biomaterials, tissue engineering, imaging, and bioinstrumentation. This book serves as a guide to students and professionals seeking to understand commonly used technical terms and phrases in the biomedical engineering field. The content is specifically designed to define technical terms in a general context to facilitate an overall understanding. The author begins by translating terms in English to Arabic then Arabic to English. This text can be used as a tool in the academic or professional environment for both English speaking and non-English speaking individuals alike.