Biotechnology Monographs - Böcker
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In early 1973, I returned to Israel from a post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University, and was accepted as a lecturer in the Department of Applied Microbiology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Shortly after my return, Professor Richard Mateles, who at that time was head of the Department, suggested that I purchase a good and comprehensive book on single cell protein (SCP) in order to expand my general knowledge in the subject I had started then to work on; that was microbial utilization of one-carbon (C ) compounds. l Naturally, I took his advice (after all, he was the Boss) and bought the book, which was the only general book published on this subject at that time, and was based on papers presented at the First International Conference on Single Cell Protein, held at the Massachussetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), on October 1967 (Mateles and Tannenbaum, editors) [1]. Through this book I became acquainted with the world's hunger problem that existed in the past, and ways in which it was to be solved by SCP products prepared from CO , fossil-based raw 2 materials, and from wastes.
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Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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There have been many significant microbiological, biochemical and technological advances made in the understanding and implementation of anaerobic digestion processes with respect to industrial and domestic wastewater treatment. Elucida tion of the mechanisms of anaerobic degradation has permitted a greater control over the biological parameters of waste conversion and the technical advances achieved have reduced the time and land area requirements and increased the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the various processes presently in use. By product recovery in the form of utilisable methane gas has become increasingly feasible, while the development of new and superior anaerobic reactor designs with increased tolerance to toxic and shock loadings of concentrated effiuents has established a potential for treating many extremely recalcitrant industrial wastestreams. The major anaerobic bioreactor systems and their applications and limitations are examined here, together with microbiological and biochemical aspects of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. London, June 1986 S. M. Stronach T. Rudd J. N. Lester v Table of Contents 1 The Biochemistry of Anaerobic Digestion 1 1. 1 Kinetics of Substrate Utilisation and Bacterial Growth 3 1. 1. 1 COD Fluxes and Mean Carbon Oxidation State 3 1. 1. 2 Bacterial Growth and Biokinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 1 Growth and Single Substrate Kinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 2 Multisubstrate Systems . 8 1. 2 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Hydrolysis 8 1. 3 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Fermentation and J1-0xidation . 11 1.
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Recent economic trends, especially the worldwide decline in oil prices, and an altered political climate in the United States have combined to bring about major reductions in research on renewable energy resources. Yet there is no escaping the "facts of life" with regard to these resources. The days of inexpensive fossil energy are clearly numbered, the credibility of nuclear energy has fallen to a new low, and fusion energy stands decades or more from practical realization. Sooner than we may wish ,we will have to turn to renewable raw materials - plant "biomass" and, especially, wood - as significant suppliers of energy for both industry and everyday needs. It is therefore especially important to have a single, comprehensive and current source of information on a key step in any process for the technological exploitation of woody materials, cellulose hydrolysis. Further more, it is essential that any such treatment be unbiased with respect to the two methods - chemical and biochemical - for the breakdown of cellulose to sugars. Researchers on cellulose hydrolysis have frequently been chided by persons from industry, especially those individuals concerned with determining the economic feasibility of various technological alternatives. They tell us that schemes for the utilization of wood and other such resources fly in the face of economic realities.
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Electro-enzymology and coenzyme regeneration are the subjects of this volume which are related to such important areas as enzymatic transformation, synthesis, analysis, biosensor, energy conversion etc. Electro-enzymology is an interdisciplinary field resulting from the fusion of electrochemistry and enzymology. Coenzyme regeneration is one of the most important key techniques for the future development in bioreactors. This book contains most of the new topics in these fields including the authors' original works such as bioelectrocatalysis with electroconductive membrane, electrochemical immunoassay, affinity chromatographic reactors etc. This book can also be considered as a comprehensive bibliographic review, which will provide the reader with a good bird's-eye view. The fundamental aspects followed by the applications are written in each chapter. This style of writing will help the reader to understand the subjects in electro-enzymology and coenzyme regeneration.
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Growth of immobilized cells can be viewed as an alternative to growth of free cells in many instances. In others, immobilization confers a precision of control over the process not possible in free growth. Immobilization of cells can sometimes be considered to be a lower cost alternative to immobilization of enzymes. In this volume, immobilization procedures based on mechanical means and bonding of various types are examined, with detailed application examples. These applications include microorganisms, plant and animal cells, sub-cellular organelles and multiple enzyme systems. Particular attention is devoted to enzyme properties in immobilized cells and the properties of the carrier. The volume should provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the subject, together with copious references. As well as serving as a research monograph, it could be used to provide reference material for a graduate course. Special thanks are due Mrs. JENNIFER KERBY for her dedicated work in the preparation of the manuscript, and IT-CHIN HSIEH for bibliographical assistance. COLIN R. PHILLIPS Toronto, July 1988 YIU C. POON v Table of Contents 1 Introduction. 1 References . 9 2 Methods of Cell Immobilization 11 2.1 Mechanical Immobilization . 11 2.1.1 Mycelial Pellet and Mat 11 2.1.2 Encapsulation .. 48 2.1.3 Dialysis Culture. . . 49 2.1.4 Entrapment. .... 50 2.2 Covalent Attachment 61 2.3 Ionic Attachment 62 2.3.1 Flocculation 62 2.3.2 Adsorption . 64 References . 66 3 Special Problems and Extended Applications . 75 3.1 Special Problems and Techniques .