The first in-depth study of racial integration at West Point after the Civil WarRace, Politics, and Reconstruction tells the story of racial integration at the United States Military Academy after the Civil War and spotlights the social environment and cultural currents that led to its failure. The first attempt to racially integrate West Point proved not simply a lost opportunity but an opportunity squandered with shocking degrees of forethought and deliberation.By investigating West Point’s experience with race from varied and nuanced perspectives, including those of the first Black cadets, the US Army officer corps, white cadets, the Academy’s faculty and staff, and the Black and white American publics, the contributors to this volume cast both the promise and the failure of integration at West Point as an illuminating microcosm of Reconstruction itself.

The first in-depth study of racial integration at West Point after the Civil WarRace, Politics, and Reconstruction tells the story of racial integration at the United States Military Academy after the Civil War and spotlights the social environment and cultural currents that led to its failure. The first attempt to racially integrate West Point proved not simply a lost opportunity but an opportunity squandered with shocking degrees of forethought and deliberation.By investigating West Point’s experience with race from varied and nuanced perspectives, including those of the first Black cadets, the US Army officer corps, white cadets, the Academy’s faculty and staff, and the Black and white American publics, the contributors to this volume cast both the promise and the failure of integration at West Point as an illuminating microcosm of Reconstruction itself.

One woman's extraordinary personal journey in the US military and her triumphant effort to honor her predecessors with the Congressional Gold MedalLooking back on her remarkable career, Retired Army Colonel Edna W. Cummings can justly say that “the odds ain’t good, but good stuff happens.” Her story is as inspiring as it is improbable, but her memoir is about much more than herself. Chronicling Cummings’s unlikely but successful path to leadership roles in the army and afterward, it also tells the story of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion—known as the Six Triple Eight—a trailblazing African American World War II Women’s Army Corps unit now the subject of a Netflix film and a Broadway-bound musical — and the grassroots campaign Cummings led to honor them.In 2022, due in large part to Cummings’s efforts, the Six Triple Eight was awarded the nation’s highest civilian honor—the Congressional Gold Medal. Among the fewer than two hundred recipients, including the crew of Apollo 11 and the Navajo Code Talkers, the Six Triple Eight is the only women’s unit to receive this prestigious decoration. In A Soldier’s Life Colonel Cummings narrates her path from childhood to advocate and how she overcame incredible odds not only for herself but on behalf of those who had come before her.

A treasury of poetry and prose from an unsung trailblazer of Black literature Lucia M. Pitts (1904-1973) was an African American writer and Army veteran whose story has never been told. Her poetry, including love lyrics of striking sensuality and honesty, was admired by Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Dorothy West. Her work first appeared during the Harlem Renaissance, influenced by Harriet Monroe's Poetry magazine and blues singers Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. A native of Chicago's Bronzeville, Pitts challenged discrimination and segregation throughout her remarkable life, both as a member of President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Black Cabinet' and as the first African American woman employed at the War Department. Then, in 1943, Pitts joined the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, the Army's only all-Black, all-female battalion, which later received the Congressional Gold Medal. Pitts's own account of her service with the Six Triple Eight, however, has remained unpublished until now. This volume brings together a biography of Pitts, her complete military memoir, and one hundred of her finest poems.

The first in-depth study of racial integration at West Point after the Civil WarRace, Politics, and Reconstruction tells the story of racial integration at the United States Military Academy after the Civil War and spotlights the social environment and cultural currents that led to its failure. The first attempt to racially integrate West Point proved not simply a lost opportunity but an opportunity squandered with shocking degrees of forethought and deliberation.By investigating West Point’s experience with race from varied and nuanced perspectives, including those of the first Black cadets, the US Army officer corps, white cadets, the Academy’s faculty and staff, and the Black and white American publics, the contributors to this volume cast both the promise and the failure of integration at West Point as an illuminating microcosm of Reconstruction itself.

The first in-depth study of racial integration at West Point after the Civil WarRace, Politics, and Reconstruction tells the story of racial integration at the United States Military Academy after the Civil War and spotlights the social environment and cultural currents that led to its failure. The first attempt to racially integrate West Point proved not simply a lost opportunity but an opportunity squandered with shocking degrees of forethought and deliberation.By investigating West Point’s experience with race from varied and nuanced perspectives, including those of the first Black cadets, the US Army officer corps, white cadets, the Academy’s faculty and staff, and the Black and white American publics, the contributors to this volume cast both the promise and the failure of integration at West Point as an illuminating microcosm of Reconstruction itself.

One woman's extraordinary personal journey in the US military and her triumphant effort to honor her predecessors with the Congressional Gold MedalLooking back on her remarkable career, Retired Army Colonel Edna W. Cummings can justly say that “the odds ain’t good, but good stuff happens.” Her story is as inspiring as it is improbable, but her memoir is about much more than herself. Chronicling Cummings’s unlikely but successful path to leadership roles in the army and afterward, it also tells the story of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion—known as the Six Triple Eight—a trailblazing African American World War II Women’s Army Corps unit now the subject of a Netflix film and a Broadway-bound musical — and the grassroots campaign Cummings led to honor them.In 2022, due in large part to Cummings’s efforts, the Six Triple Eight was awarded the nation’s highest civilian honor—the Congressional Gold Medal. Among the fewer than two hundred recipients, including the crew of Apollo 11 and the Navajo Code Talkers, the Six Triple Eight is the only women’s unit to receive this prestigious decoration. In A Soldier’s Life Colonel Cummings narrates her path from childhood to advocate and how she overcame incredible odds not only for herself but on behalf of those who had come before her.

A treasury of poetry and prose from an unsung trailblazer of Black literature Lucia M. Pitts (1904-1973) was an African American writer and Army veteran whose story has never been told. Her poetry, including love lyrics of striking sensuality and honesty, was admired by Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Dorothy West. Her work first appeared during the Harlem Renaissance, influenced by Harriet Monroe's Poetry magazine and blues singers Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. A native of Chicago's Bronzeville, Pitts challenged discrimination and segregation throughout her remarkable life, both as a member of President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Black Cabinet' and as the first African American woman employed at the War Department. Then, in 1943, Pitts joined the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, the Army's only all-Black, all-female battalion, which later received the Congressional Gold Medal. Pitts's own account of her service with the Six Triple Eight, however, has remained unpublished until now. This volume brings together a biography of Pitts, her complete military memoir, and one hundred of her finest poems.