Composite Materials Series – serie

Modern scientific and technological fields are frequently of an interdisciplinary nature, and the field of fibrous composites is no exception. Unlike fibre-reinforced plastics, the family of metal- and ceramic-based composites is still quite a new group of materials with a large variety of mechanical and physical properties. Up until now it has been difficult to produce these materials as the necessary technical information has not been well documented.

The main purpose of this book is to link together fabrication, structure and properties chains, so as to clarify which structure provides the necessary properties, and how one can attain the correct composite structure. To this end, the book not only contains topics of a purely technical nature, but also a description of the failure mechanics of metal- and ceramic-matrix composites, as this is the key to understanding the structure-properties segment of the chain mentioned.

The book is divided into three parts. Part I presents a general view of composites with the accent on metal- and ceramic-matrix composites. It also contains a brief description of modern fibres and composites and can be considered, at least for beginners, as a starting point for further study. Part II looks at the composite microstructures considered to be either optimal or reasonable in resisting a particular loading. Finally Part II describes a variety of mechanical, physical, and chemical potential for organizing these microstructures. Experimental data on technologies, material structures, and material properties are used throughout the book to support theoretical conclusions or to obtain important physical parameters.

Damage mechanics is concerned with mechanics-based analyses of microstructural events in solids responsible for changes in their response to external loading. The microstructural events can occur as cracks, voids, slipped regions, etc., with a spatial distribution within the volume of a solid. If a solid contains oriented elements in its microsctructure, e.g. fibers, the heterogeneity and asisotropy aspects create situations which form a class of problems worthy of special treatment. This book deals with such treatments with particular emphasis on application to technological composite materials.

Chapter one describes the basic principles underlying both the micromechanics approach and the continuum damage mechanics approach. It also reviews the relevant statistical concepts. The next three chapters are devoted to developments of the continuum damage mechanics approach related to characterization of damage with internal variables, evolution of damage and its coupling with other inelastic effects such as plasticity. Chapter 5 describes observations of damage from notches in composite laminates and puts forward some pragmatic modelling ideas for a complex damage configuration. The next two chapters form the bulk of the micromechanics approach in this volume. The first one deals with microcracking and the other with interfacial damage in composite materials.