Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics - Böcker

Wave propagation is an exciting ?eld having applications cutting across many disciplines. In the ?eld of structural engineering and smart structures, wave propagation based tools have found increasing applications especially in the areaofstructuralhealthmonitoringandactivecontrolofvibrationsandnoise. Inaddition,therehasbeentremendousprogressintheareaofmaterialscience, wherein a new class of structural materials is designed to meet the parti- lar application. In most cases, these materials are not isotropic as in metallic structures. They are either anisotropic (as in the case of laminated composite structures) or inhomogeneous (as in the case of functionally graded mate- als). Analysis of these structures is many orders more complex than that of isotropic structures. For many scientists/engineers, a clear di?erence between structural dynamics and wave propagation is not evident. Traditionally, a structural designer will not be interested in the behavior of structures beyond certain frequencies, which are essentially at the lower end of the frequency scale. For such situations, available general purpose ?nite element code will satisfy the designer’s requirement. However, currently, structures are required tobedesignedtosustainverycomplexandharshloadingenvironments. These loadings are essentially multi-modal phenomena and their analysis falls under the domain of wave propagation rather than structural dynamics. Evaluation of the structural integrity of anisotropic and inhomogeneous structures s- jected to such loadings is a complex process. The currently available analysis tools are highly inadequate to handle the modeling of these structures. In this book, we present a technique called the “Spectral Finite Element Method”,whichwebelievewilladdresssomeoftheshortcomingsoftheexistinganalysis tools.

Wave propagation is an exciting ?eld having applications cutting across many disciplines. In the ?eld of structural engineering and smart structures, wave propagation based tools have found increasing applications especially in the areaofstructuralhealthmonitoringandactivecontrolofvibrationsandnoise. Inaddition,therehasbeentremendousprogressintheareaofmaterialscience, wherein a new class of structural materials is designed to meet the parti- lar application. In most cases, these materials are not isotropic as in metallic structures. They are either anisotropic (as in the case of laminated composite structures) or inhomogeneous (as in the case of functionally graded mate- als). Analysis of these structures is many orders more complex than that of isotropic structures. For many scientists/engineers, a clear di?erence between structural dynamics and wave propagation is not evident. Traditionally, a structural designer will not be interested in the behavior of structures beyond certain frequencies, which are essentially at the lower end of the frequency scale. For such situations, available general purpose ?nite element code will satisfy the designer’s requirement. However, currently, structures are required tobedesignedtosustainverycomplexandharshloadingenvironments. These loadings are essentially multi-modal phenomena and their analysis falls under the domain of wave propagation rather than structural dynamics. Evaluation of the structural integrity of anisotropic and inhomogeneous structures s- jected to such loadings is a complex process. The currently available analysis tools are highly inadequate to handle the modeling of these structures. In this book, we present a technique called the “Spectral Finite Element Method”,whichwebelievewilladdresssomeoftheshortcomingsoftheexistinganalysis tools.

This text offers a systematic and practical introduction to the discontinuous finite element method. It moves from a brief review of the fundamental laws and equations governing thermal and fluid systems, through a discussion of different approaches to the formulation of discontinuous finite element solutions for boundary and initial value problems, to their applicaton in a variety of thermal-system and fluid-related problems. Mesh generation and adaptivity, parellelization algorithms and error analysis are also introduced and explained. Each chapter features worked examples and exercises illustrating situations ranging from simple benchmarks to practical engineering questions. The book forms a foundation of senior undergraduate and graduate learning and also provides scientists, applied mathematicians and research engineers with a thorough treatment of basic concepts, specific techniques and methods for the use of discontinuous Galerkin methods in fluid dynamics and heat transfer applications.

Over the past several years, significant advances have been made in developing the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for applications in fluid flow and heat transfer. Certain unique features of the method have made it attractive as an alternative for other popular methods such as finite volume and finite elements in thermal fluids engineering analyses. This book is written as an introductory textbook on the discontinuous finite element method for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the area of thermal science and fluid dynamics. It also can be used as a reference book for researchers and engineers who intend to use the method for research in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer. A good portion of this book has been used in a course for computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students. It also has been used by some graduate students for self-study of the basics of discontinuous finite elements. This monograph assumes that readers have a basic understanding of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer and some background in numerical analysis. Knowledge of continuous finite elements is not necessary but will be helpful. The book covers the application of the method for the simulation of both macroscopic and micro/nanoscale fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena.

This book covers the basic techniques for simulating incompressible and low-speed flows with high fidelity in conjunction with high-resolution methods. This includes techniques for steady and unsteady flows with high-order time integration and multigrid methods, as well as specific issues associated with interfacial and turbulent flows. The book is addressed to a broad readership, including engineers and scientists concerned with the development or application of computational methods for fluid flow problems in: Mechanical, Aerospace, Civil and Chemical Engineering, Biological Flows, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Applications as well as other Environmental disciplines. It can be used for teaching postgraduate courses on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Numerical Methods in Engineering and Applied Mathematics, and can also be used as a complementary textbook in undergraduate CFD courses.

Inelastic Analysis of Solids and Structures presents in a unified manner the physical and theoretical background of inelastic material models and computational methods, and illustrates the behavior of the models in typical engineering conditions. It is based on experimental observations and principles of mechanics, thus describing computational algorithms for stress calculation and presenting solved examples. The theoretical background is given to an extent necessary to describe the commonly employed material models in metal isotropic and orthotropic plasticity, thermoplasticity and viscoplasticity, and the plasticity of geological materials. The computational algorithms are developed in a unified manner with some detailed derivations of the algorithmic relations. The solved examples are designed to give insight into the material behavior in various engineering conditions, and to demonstrate the application of the computational algorithms.

This book develops a modern presentation of Continuum Mechanics, oriented towards numerical applications in the ?elds of nonlinear analysis of solids, structures and ?uids. Kinematics of the continuum deformation, including pull-back/push-forward transformations between di erent con?gurations; stress and strain measures; objective stress rate and strain rate measures; balance principles; constitutive relations, with emphasis on elasto-plasticity of metals and variational prin- ples are developed using general curvilinear coordinates. Being tensor analysis the indispensable tool for the development of the continuum theory in general coordinates, in the appendix an overview of t- soranalysisisalsopresented. Embedded in the theoretical presentation, application examples are dev- oped to deepen the understanding of the discussed concepts. Even though the mathematical presentation of the di erent topics is quite rigorous; an e ort is made to link formal developments with engineering ph- ical intuition.This book is based on two graduate courses that the authors teach at the Engineering School of the University of Buenos Aires and it is intended for graduate engineering students majoring in mechanics and for researchers in the ?elds of applied mechanics and numerical methods. VIII Preface I am grateful to Klaus-Jurgen Bathe for introducing me to Computational Mechanics, for his enthusiasm, for his encouragement to undertake challenges and for his friendship.

The book details multi-dimensional upstream-bias algorithms for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Several sections derive the Fluid Dynamics equations from fundamental thermo-mechanics principles and systematically develops multi-dimensional upstream CFD algorithms with finite element procedures and implicit Runge-Kutta time integration algorithms. For mesh independence the formulation is developed at the differential equation level, before any spatial discretization. This formulation generates non-discrete characteristics-bias systems that incorporate an intrinsically multi-dimensional and infinite-directional genuinely upwind dissipation mechanism. A traditional centered discretization of the characteristics-bias system then automatically generates consistent and multi-dimensional arbitrary-mesh upstream discretizations of the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations.

In the recent decades, computational procedures have been applied to an increasing extent in engineering and the physical sciences. Mostly, two separate fields have been considered, namely, the analysis of solids and structures and the analysis of fluid flows. These continuous advances in analyses are of much interest to physicists, mathematicians and in particular, engineers. Also, computational fluid and solid mechanics are no longer treated as entirely separate fields of applications, but instead, coupled fluid and solid analysis is being pursued. The objective of the Book Series is to publish monographs, textbooks, and proceedings of conferences of archival value, on any subject of computational fluid dynamics, computational solid and structural mechanics, and computational multi-physics dynamics. The publications are written by and for physicists, mathematicians and engineers and are to emphasize the modeling, analysis and solution of problems in engineering.

The monograph is devoted to modern mathematical models and numerical methods for solving gas- and ?uid-dynamic problems based on them. Two interconnected mathematical models generalizing the Navier–Stokes system are presented; they differ from the Navier–Stokes system by additional dissipative terms with a small parameter as a coef?cient. The new models are called the quasi-gas-dynamic and quasi-hydrodynamic equations. Based on these equations, effective ?nite-difference algorithms for calculating viscous nonstationary ?ows are constructed and examples of numerical computations are presented. The universality, the ef?ciency, and the exactness of the algorithms constructed are ensured by the ful?llment of integral conservation laws and the theorem on entropy balance for them. The book is a course of lectures and is intended for scientists and engineers who deal with constructing numerical algorithms and performing practical calculations of gas and ?uid ?ows and also for students and postgraduate students who specialize in numerical gas and ?uid dynamics.

This book covers the basic techniques for simulating incompressible and low-speed flows with high fidelity in conjunction with high-resolution methods. This includes techniques for steady and unsteady flows with high-order time integration and multigrid methods, as well as specific issues associated with interfacial and turbulent flows. The book is addressed to a broad readership, including engineers and scientists concerned with the development or application of computational methods for fluid flow problems in: Mechanical, Aerospace, Civil and Chemical Engineering, Biological Flows, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Applications as well as other Environmental disciplines. It can be used for teaching postgraduate courses on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Numerical Methods in Engineering and Applied Mathematics, and can also be used as a complementary textbook in undergraduate CFD courses.

Inelastic Analysis of Solids and Structures presents in a unified manner the physical and theoretical background of inelastic material models and computational methods, and illustrates the behavior of the models in typical engineering conditions. The book describes experimental observations and principles of mechanics, and efficient computational algorithms for stress calculations as typically performed in finite element analysis. The theoretical background is given to an extent necessary to describe the commonly employed material models in metal isotropic and orthotropic plasticity, thermoplasticity and viscoplasticity, and the plasticity of geological materials. The computational algorithms are developed in a unified manner with some detailed derivations of the algorithmic relations. Many solved examples are presented, which are designed to give insight into the material behavior in various engineering conditions, and to demonstrate the application of the computational algorithms.

This book develops a modern presentation of Continuum Mechanics, oriented towards numerical applications in the fields of nonlinear analysis of solids, structures and fluid mechanics. The kinematics of the continuum deformation, including pull-back / push-forward transformations between different configurations, stress and strain measures, balance principles, constitutive relations and variational principles are developed using general curvilinear coordinates. Even though the mathematical presentation of the different topics is quite rigorous, an effort is made to link formal developments with engineering physical intuition.

This book details a systematic characteristics-based finite element procedure to investigate incompressible, free-surface and compressible flows. Several sections derive the Fluid Dynamics equations from thermo-mechanics principles and develop this multi-dimensional and infinite-directional upstream procedure by combining a finite element discretization with an implicit non-linearly stable Runge-Kutta time integration for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier Stokes equations. Based on the mathematics and physics of multi-dimensional characteristics, convection as well as acoustics, and inducing by design a controllable multi-dimensional upwind bias that can be locally optimized, the procedure crisply captures contact discontinuities, normal as well as oblique shocks, and generates essentially non-oscillatory solutions for incompressible, subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic inviscid and viscous flows with chemical reactions and work, heat and mass transfer.

The monograph is devoted to modern mathematical models and numerical methods for solving gas- and ?uid-dynamic problems based on them. Two interconnected mathematical models generalizing the Navier–Stokes system are presented; they differ from the Navier–Stokes system by additional dissipative terms with a small parameter as a coef?cient. The new models are called the quasi-gas-dynamic and quasi-hydrodynamic equations. Based on these equations, effective ?nite-difference algorithms for calculating viscous nonstationary ?ows are constructed and examples of numerical computations are presented. The universality, the ef?ciency, and the exactness of the algorithms constructed are ensured by the ful?llment of integral conservation laws and the theorem on entropy balance for them. The book is a course of lectures and is intended for scientists and engineers who deal with constructing numerical algorithms and performing practical calculations of gas and ?uid ?ows and also for students and postgraduate students who specialize in numerical gas and ?uid dynamics.

This book presents a modern continuum mechanics and mathematical framework to study shell physical behaviors, and to formulate and evaluate finite element procedures.

In this self-consistent monograph, the author gathers and describes different mathematical techniques and combines all together to form practical procedures for the inverse analyses. It puts together topics coming from mathematical programming, with soft computing and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, in order to show, in the context of structural analyses, how the things work and what are the main problems one needs to tackle. Throughout the book a number of examples and exercises are worked out in order to make reader practically familiar with discussed topics.

This book presents a modern continuum mechanics and mathematical framework to study shell physical behaviors, and to formulate and evaluate finite element procedures.

In the recent decades, computational procedures have been applied to an increasing extent in engineering and the physical sciences. Mostly, two separate fields have been considered, namely, the analysis of solids and structures and the analysis of fluid flows. These continuous advances in analyses are of much interest to physicists, mathematicians and in particular, engineers. Also, computational fluid and solid mechanics are no longer treated as entirely separate fields of applications, but instead, coupled fluid and solid analysis is being pursued. The objective of the Book Series is to publish monographs, textbooks, and proceedings of conferences of archival value, on any subject of computational fluid dynamics, computational solid and structural mechanics, and computational multi-physics dynamics. The publications are written by and for physicists, mathematicians and engineers and are to emphasize the modeling, analysis and solution of problems in engineering.