Enjeux Internationaux/International Issues – serie

This book brings together selected essays on European Business Interest Associations (BIAs) as important components of European social and economic development over the last 150 years. The studies were originally presented at the 2012 World Economic History Congress, organized in association with an international research programme on BIAs in Europe. They adopt a historical research methodology with the aim of updating previous scholarship from within the social sciences; they also look at a number of different European countries, allowing for a comparative approach. They explore the roots and identity of BIAs, analyse their activities and examine their financing sources and strategies. Some essays discuss the decline of the old system of craft guilds and the emergence of new forms of economic organization and representation: new BIAs had to contend with the development of the trade unions and the growth of state economic interventionism and so they progressively increased their activities in order to serve European companies. Other essays present specific national examples of the evolution of BIAs throughout the twentieth century and also look at the development of Eurofederations.

Les sites de production de pétrole ne correspondant pas la plupart du temps aux lieux de consommation, le pétrole fut dès l’origine un produit transporté sur de longues distances, soit par voie maritime, soit par oléoducs.Parce que les routes du pétrole (et de plus en plus souvent du gaz) ne sont pas immuables et que leur tracé est déterminé par l’essor économique, les tensions géopolitiques et les progrès des techniques, elles sont un excellent baromètre de l’activité, de l’inventivité et des relations internationales. Cet ouvrage, dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire (historiens, géographes, géopoliticiens, décideurs, ingénieurs…), tâche d‘en comprendre les enjeux et les conséquences sur les problématiques contemporaines.Oil production sites do not correspond to the areas of consumption in the majority of cases, as of the outset oil was a product transported over long distances, either by maritime routes or by pipelines. The oil routes (and natural gas routes) are not immutable, and their locations are determined by economic vigor, geopolitical tensions and technical progress. So, they have been the heart and the barometer of economic, technical and geopolitical rhythms of the planet. This book, in a multidisciplinary perspective (historians, geographers, geopoliticians, decision-makers, engineers, …) tries to explain issues and consequences of oil routes on contemporary issues.

Public diplomacy is a diplomatic and international communication activity aimed at foreign publics and seeking to create a positive image and/or political influence, contributing to the achievement of foreign policy goals.On June 9th, 2015, public diplomacy scholars and practitioners coming from Europe and Latin America gathered in a research seminar organised by the Centre for International Relations Studies (CEFIR), at the University of Liège. They contributed their works on public diplomacy from the perspectives of its cultural, communicative and image components. The result of that seminar is this book, which reflects the current diversity of theoretical aspects and practices of public diplomacy.Taking the European Union, some Latin American countries (Venezuela and Mexico) and even civil society organisations as the actors whose public diplomacy actions are studied, this book provides both reflections and empirical analysis of public diplomacy strategies developed from different angles.

World War II and East-West confrontation redefined borders between Italy and Yugoslavia, reshaped national frontiers and adversely affected political relations. As a result, major quarrels and disputes arose over territorial claims, demarcation of State boundaries, expulsion of national minorities, and diverging visions on international and domestic politics. It was only in the 1960s and 1970s, during the years of Détente, that rapprochement between Rome and Belgrade became possible and normalization of bilateral relations was attained. Long-lasting territorial disputes, such as the Trieste question, were solved and bilateral relationship greatly improved, so much so that Belgrade became an important asset in Italy’s Balkan and Adriatic strategy, while Rome was a sort of bridge between Socialist Yugoslavia and Western Europe.This book is intended to shed light on the process of Italian-Yugoslav normalization and rapprochement, which ultimately brought to the Adriatic Détente. Based on a wide collection of primary sources and documentary materials, it aims to contribute to a better understanding of the history of the Adriatic region, a conflicted European space that had been affected by territorial disputes and ethnic strife for decades during the 20th century.