Enterprise Engineering Series – serie

Lankhorst and his co‑authors present ArchiMate® 3.0, enterprise modelling language that captures the complexity of architectural domains and their relations and allows the construction of integrated enterprise architecture models. They provide architects with concrete instruments that improve their architectural practice. As this is not enough, they additionally present techniques and heuristics for communicating with all relevant stakeholders about these architectures. Since an architecture model is useful not only for providing insight into the current or future situation but can also be used to evaluate the transition from ‘as‑is’ to ‘to‑be’, the authors also describe analysis methods for assessing both the qualitative impact of changes to an architecture and the quantitative aspects of architectures, such as performance and cost issues.The modelling language presented has been proven in practice in many real‑life case studies and has been adopted by The Open Group as an international standard. So this book is an ideal companion for enterprise IT or business architects in industry as well as for computer or management science students studying the field of enterprise architecture.This fourth edition of the book has been completely reworked to be compatible with ArchiMate® 3.0, and it includes a new chapter relating this new version to other standards. New sections on capability analysis, risk analysis, and business architecture in general have also been introduced.

This book introduces, explains, and illustrates the theories, concepts, and methods needed for sound enterprise engineering. These are based on foundational insights, specifically those concerning the employee-centric theory of organization, which are put into practice by coherently and consistently applying them to enterprise design and change.The book consists of five main chapters, the first of which emphasizes the importance of linking foundational insights with the enterprise engineering design science for practicing them in enterprise design within the scope of enterprise governance concerned with enterprise change. Chapter 2 summarizes the necessary philosophical, ontological and ideological foundations of enterprise design and change. Subsequently, chapter 3 outlines essential aspects of enterprise change and describes the relation between enterprise governance and the process of enterprise design, while chapter 4 details the enterprise engineering design science and the actual enterprise design process, its various perspectives and both its intermediate and final results. Lastly, chapter 5 illustrates in detail the application of all the process steps in a single, extensive example. In this way, the book shows how all the cornerstones of enterprise design and change, as well as the employee-centric theory of organization can be applied.The book is mainly intended for students in areas such as business administration, management and organization science, governance, and enterprise and information systems design. However, professionals working in these areas will also benefit from the book, as it provides them with all the elements needed for engineering enterprise design, and details their application.

Architectural coordination of enterprise transformation (ACET) integrates and aggregates local information and provides different viewpoints, such as financial, structural, or skill perspectives to the respective stakeholder groups, with the aim of creating a consensus and shared understanding of an enterprise transformation among the stakeholders. Its core purpose is to inform decision-makers with both local and enterprise-wide concerns so that the overall transformation goals can be successfully pursued, i.e. reducing inconsistencies and including local decisions in the overarching goals.This book consists of three major parts, framed by an introduction and a summary. To enable readers to gain a better understanding of the issues involved in real-world enterprise transformations as well as the possible role of architectural coordination and the associated challenges, Part I provides an analysis of status quo of corporate ACET practice. Part II then continues with an exploration of the challenges facing ACET from a theoretical perspective. Based on these challenges, Part III then presents a collection of components for a possible design theory for ACET. Instead of an integrated method, this collection of components constitutes method fragments that can be arranged in different ways depending on the perspective taken, the actual enterprise architecture management approach, the enterprise transformation type and the transformation’s context.

This book outlines the important foundational insights for enterprise governance and enterprise engineering, which are obviously provided by the social and organization sciences, but also by other sciences such as philosophy and information technology. It presents an employee-centric theory of organization in order to secure enterprise performance and also to comply with moral considerations about society and human individuals. This is necessary as prescriptions based on ‘best practices’ or the ‘best managed companies’ are often merely anecdotal, faddish, or controversial, and based on unsubstantiated pseudo-theories.The book consists of four main chapters, the first of which summarizes the importance of foundational insights for enterprises and explains the mutual relationships between the basic elements of enterprise governance and enterprise engineering. Next, chapter 2 explains the necessary philosophical foundations concerning knowledge, truth, language, and human existence. Subsequently, chapter 3 describes the ontological foundation and the nature of society and enterprises, as understanding their characteristics is a prerequisite for understanding and designing enterprises. Finally, chapter 4 approaches ideological foundations as beliefs and convictions, as they create specific requirements for the design of enterprises. In this way, the book covers all the cornerstones of the employee-centric theory of organization, drawing on foundational insights.The book is mainly intended for students specializing in areas such as business administration, management and organization science, governance, and enterprise and information systems design. However, professionals working in these areas will also benefit from the book, as it allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of their work and will thus help them to avoid strategic failures due to a lack of coherence and consistency between the various parts of their organization.

This book brings together enterprise modeling and software specification, providing a conceptual background and methodological guidelines that concern the design of enterprise information systems. In this, two corresponding disciplines (enterprise engineering and software engineering) are considered in a complementary way. This is how the widely recognized gap between domain experts and software engineers could be effectively addressed. The content is, on the one hand, based on a conceptual invariance (embracing concepts whose essence transcends the barriers between social and technical disciplines) while on the other, the book is featuring a modeling duality, by bringing together social theories (that are underlying with regard to enterprise engineering) and computing paradigms (that are underlying as it concerns software engineering). In addition, the proposed approach as well as its guidelines and related notations further foster such enterprise-software modeling, by facilitating modeling generations and transformations. Considering unstructured business information in the beginning, the modeling process would progress through the methodological construction of enterprise models, to reach as far as a corresponding derivation of software specifications. Finally, the enterprise-software alignment is achieved in a component-based way, featuring a potential for re-using modeling constructs, such that the modeling effectiveness and efficiency are further stimulated. For the sake of grounding the presented studies, a case study and illustrative examples are considered. They are not only justifying the idea of bringing together (in a component-based way) enterprise modeling and software specification but they are also demonstrating various strengths and limitations of the proposed modeling approach.The book was mainly written for researchers and graduate students in enterprise information systems, and also for professionals whose work involves the specification and realization of such systems. In addition, researchers and practitioners entering these fields will benefit from the blended view on enterprise modeling and software specification, for the sake of an effective and efficient design of enterprise information systems.

This book brings together enterprise modeling and software specification, providing a conceptual background and methodological guidelines that concern the design of enterprise information systems. In this, two corresponding disciplines (enterprise engineering and software engineering) are considered in a complementary way. This is how the widely recognized gap between domain experts and software engineers could be effectively addressed. The content is, on the one hand, based on a conceptual invariance (embracing concepts whose essence transcends the barriers between social and technical disciplines) while on the other, the book is featuring a modeling duality, by bringing together social theories (that are underlying with regard to enterprise engineering) and computing paradigms (that are underlying as it concerns software engineering). In addition, the proposed approach as well as its guidelines and related notations further foster such enterprise-software modeling, by facilitating modeling generations and transformations. Considering unstructured business information in the beginning, the modeling process would progress through the methodological construction of enterprise models, to reach as far as a corresponding derivation of software specifications. Finally, the enterprise-software alignment is achieved in a component-based way, featuring a potential for re-using modeling constructs, such that the modeling effectiveness and efficiency are further stimulated. For the sake of grounding the presented studies, a case study and illustrative examples are considered. They are not only justifying the idea of bringing together (in a component-based way) enterprise modeling and software specification but they are also demonstrating various strengths and limitations of the proposed modeling approach.The book was mainly written for researchers and graduate students in enterprise information systems, and also for professionals whose work involves the specification and realization of such systems. In addition, researchers and practitioners entering these fields will benefit from the blended view on enterprise modeling and software specification, for the sake of an effective and efficient design of enterprise information systems.

Enterprise ontology is one of the conceptual pillars of enterprise engineering, next to enterprise design and enterprise governance, together accomplishing the goals of intellectual manageability, organisational concinnity and social devotion. By revealing the essence of an enterprise’s organisation, enterprise ontology addresses business processes, data and rules in a fundamental and truly integrated way. In addition, it provides deep insight into and broad overview over complex organisational transformations.The book is divided into three parts. Part A is an introduction in enterprise engineering and enterprise ontology. Part B explores the theories underlying enterprise ontology, explaining the foundations of each theory, the elaborations in practical methods and techniques, and the relationships with other comparable approaches. Part C presents the practical application of the theories. It includes a comprehensive summary of the DEMO methodology and the DEMO specification language, as well as exercises and applications of DEMO in various business areas. It also features a chapter on combining DEMO with comparable approaches to modelling business processes, data and rules, to the benefit of the latter.Discussing the theoretical foundations of enterprise ontology and its practical applications in equal measure, this book is the principal textbook in courses on enterprise engineering. Since it unites elements from management science and information systems engineering, it is also relevant to students and professionals in either field.

This textbook provides guidance to both students and practitioners of enterprise architecture (EA) on how to develop and maintain enterprise models. Rather than providing yet another list of EA notations and frameworks from A to Z, it focuses on methods to perform such tasks. The problem of EA maintenance, named Enterprise Cartography, is an important aspect addressed in this book because EA is a never ending challenge that increases as the organization transformations pace also increases. The long time perspective also entails the evolution of architectural frameworks and notations, something that does not occur when developing new models. Thus, a catalogue of patterns, principles and methods is presented to develop and maintain EA models and views.After a general introduction to the book in chapter 1, chapter 2 presents basic concepts for EA modeling. Chapter 3 further details the set of EA concepts needed to present the patterns, and principles, which are subsequently introduced in chapter 4. Next, chapter 5 describes enterprise cartography concepts and principles. The remaining book then turns to techniques and methodologies. In chapter 6 an EA development method is summarized. In chapter 7 an enterprise strategy design approach is proposed, while in chapter 8 a business process design methodology is described. Chapters 9 and 10 focus on information architecture and information systems architecture design approaches, including information systems architecture planning and application portfolio management. Eventually, chapter 11 describes a method for enterprise cartography (EC) design. Last not least, several case studies on EA and EC are proposed in the last chapter.

This textbook provides guidance to both students and practitioners of enterprise architecture (EA) on how to develop and maintain enterprise models. Rather than providing yet another list of EA notations and frameworks from A to Z, it focuses on methods to perform such tasks. The problem of EA maintenance, named Enterprise Cartography, is an important aspect addressed in this book because EA is a never ending challenge that increases as the organization transformations pace also increases. The long time perspective also entails the evolution of architectural frameworks and notations, something that does not occur when developing new models. Thus, a catalogue of patterns, principles and methods is presented to develop and maintain EA models and views.After a general introduction to the book in chapter 1, chapter 2 presents basic concepts for EA modeling. Chapter 3 further details the set of EA concepts needed to present the patterns, and principles, which are subsequently introduced in chapter 4. Next, chapter 5 describes enterprise cartography concepts and principles. The remaining book then turns to techniques and methodologies. In chapter 6 an EA development method is summarized. In chapter 7 an enterprise strategy design approach is proposed, while in chapter 8 a business process design methodology is described. Chapters 9 and 10 focus on information architecture and information systems architecture design approaches, including information systems architecture planning and application portfolio management. Eventually, chapter 11 describes a method for enterprise cartography (EC) design. Last not least, several case studies on EA and EC are proposed in the last chapter.

This textbook provides a comprehensive, holistic, scientifically precise, and practically relevant description of Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM). Based on state-of-the-art concepts, it also addresses current trends like disruptive digitization or agile methods.The book is structured in five chapters. The first chapter offers a comprehensive overview of EAM. It addresses questions like: what does EAM mean, what is the history of EAM, why do enterprises need EAM, what are its goals, and how is it related to digitalization? It also includes a short overview of essential EAM standards and literature. The second chapter provides an overview of Enterprise Architecture (EA). It starts with clarifying basic terminology and the difference between EA and EAM. It also gives a short summary of existing EA frameworks and methods for structuring the digital ecosystem into layers and views. The third chapter addresses the strategic and tactical context of the EAM capabilityin an enterprise. It defines essential terms and parameters in the context of enterprise strategy and tactics as well as the operative, organizational context of EAM. The fourth chapter specifies the detailed goals, processes, functions, artifacts, roles and tools of EAM, building the basis for an EAM process framework that provides a comprehensive overview of EAM processes and functions. Closing the circle, the last chapter describes how to evaluate EAM in an enterprise. It starts by laying out core terminology, like “metric” and “strategic performance measurement system” and ends with a framework that integrates the various measuring areas in the context of EA and EAM.This textbook focuses on two groups: First, EAM scholars, ie bachelor or master students of Business Information Systems, Business Administration or Computer Science. And second, EAM practitioners working in the field of IT strategy or EA who need a reliable, scientifically solid, and practically proven state-of-the-art description of essential EAM methods.

The AI enabled enterprise uses technology to continuously learn by monitoring its behavior and the environment as well as external knowledge sources in order to automate the decision-making and decision-implementation processes leading to continuous improvement over time. This book discusses the key challenges that organizations need to overcome in achieving an AI enabled enterprise: the role of digital twins in evidence-backed design, enterprise cartography that goes far beyond process mining, decision-making in the face of uncertainty, software architecture for continuous adaptation, democratized knowledge-guided software development enabling coordinated design, low code versus no code, and coherent design. For each challenge, the book proposes a line of attack along with the associated enabling technology and illustrates the same through a near real world use case.

This book explores different aspects of and provides concrete suggestions to meet the three main challenges for becoming a “Digital Enterprise”: the transition to the digital age, the emergence of service ecosystems, and the growing role of data as a key underlying resource. As a result of these intertwined and mutually amplifying trends, today’s enterprises are confronted with several challenges that profoundly impact their design, from the definitions of products and services offered to their clients via the business processes that deliver these products and services to the underlying IT infrastructure.The contributions which are written by leading enterprise architecture researchers and managers of large corporations cover four key aspects which form each one part of the book: Part I presents experiences how different enterprises currently already need to embrace and exploit new challenges like blockchain, customer-centric services, or value co-creation networks. Part II looks atthe need for a new design logic, i.e. the need for new ways of thinking regarding the design of enterprises. Part III is concerned with the coordination needed among different stakeholders of the ensuing continuous transformations. Part IV eventually reflects on the ongoing consequences for enterprise modeling as used to capture both the current affairs of an enterprise, as well as design/study its possible future affairs.The target audience of this book are both master and PhD level students who want to gain insights into key aspects of the challenges confronting digital enterprises, as well as enterprise architects and information managers working in enterprises that are on their way to become digital.

This book explores different aspects of and provides concrete suggestions to meet the three main challenges for becoming a “Digital Enterprise”: the transition to the digital age, the emergence of service ecosystems, and the growing role of data as a key underlying resource. As a result of these intertwined and mutually amplifying trends, today’s enterprises are confronted with several challenges that profoundly impact their design, from the definitions of products and services offered to their clients via the business processes that deliver these products and services to the underlying IT infrastructure.The contributions which are written by leading enterprise architecture researchers and managers of large corporations cover four key aspects which form each one part of the book: Part I presents experiences how different enterprises currently already need to embrace and exploit new challenges like blockchain, customer-centric services, or value co-creation networks. Part II looks atthe need for a new design logic, i.e. the need for new ways of thinking regarding the design of enterprises. Part III is concerned with the coordination needed among different stakeholders of the ensuing continuous transformations. Part IV eventually reflects on the ongoing consequences for enterprise modeling as used to capture both the current affairs of an enterprise, as well as design/study its possible future affairs.The target audience of this book are both master and PhD level students who want to gain insights into key aspects of the challenges confronting digital enterprises, as well as enterprise architects and information managers working in enterprises that are on their way to become digital.

Data is an increasingly important asset for many organizations. This book shows how to model data in a way that allows to exploit this asset effectively and in every respect. To this end, it combines and exploits scientific (semiotics, relational model, etc.) and pragmatic theories (most prominently: the DAMA wheel) and provides a coherent overview from a business and an IT/ICT perspective.After a brief introduction, the remaining book consists of three parts. In Part I “Data”, the focus is on understanding data. It includes theories in semiotics, the relational model, and normalization, as well as related theories around understanding data/designing sound data structures. This part is complemented by an extensive chapter on how to design effective data structures and a smaller one on the topic of create versus use context. Part II “Data Management” then focuses on managing data as an asset. This part is based on the DMBOK and each of the functional areas is discussed in a separate chapter. Part III “Parting Thoughts” presents conclusions which are based on a synthesis of Part I and Part II, leading up to a summary of the main contributions of this book as well as a critical reflection on these results.This book is written for a rather broad audience, ranging from professionals to students, both from business, computer science, and information management. The writing style is adjusted specifically for these groups. At the end of each chapter reflection questions are included that distinguish between questions for practitioners and for students and help both audiences to benefit from the book and check their comprehension.

Enterprise ontology is one of the conceptual pillars of enterprise engineering, next to enterprise design and enterprise governance, together accomplishing the goals of intellectual manageability, organisational concinnity and social devotion. By revealing the essence of an enterprise’s organisation, enterprise ontology addresses business processes, data and rules in a fundamental and truly integrated way. In addition, it provides deep insight into and broad overview over complex organisational transformations.The book is divided into three parts. Part I is an introduction in enterprise engineering and enterprise ontology. Part II explores the theories underlying enterprise ontology, explaining the foundations of each theory, the elaborations in practical methods and techniques, and the relationships with other comparable approaches. Part III presents the practical application of the theories. It includes a comprehensive summary of the DEMO methodology and the DEMO specification language, as well as exercises and applications of DEMO in various business areas. It also features a chapter on combining DEMO with comparable approaches to modelling business processes, data and rules, to the benefit of the latter. This second edition comprises two major improvements, driven by increased theoretical precision and further practical experience with DEMO. One is the clear separation between documents or data sets and the files that carry them, the other one is the re-positioning of the input data in the action rules.Discussing the theoretical foundations of enterprise ontology and its practical applications in equal measure, this book is the principal textbook in courses on enterprise engineering. Since it unites elements from management science and information systems engineering, it is also relevant to students and professionals in either field.

This textbook covers business architecture modeling in all its essential aspects. Based on the MMABP Philosophical Framework for Business System Modelling it provides a comprehensive overview of four basic dimensions of the business system model together with their essential relationships. The methods, techniques, and tools are described and explained for every model type with examples. Special attention is paid to integrating all dimensions using the Business System Consistency Framework.The book is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces business architecture and the approaches and tools to model it. MMABP is introduced with its basic principles and put in context with other approaches to business architecture modeling. Chapter 2 then deals with the modeling of a business system in terms of its objectives. The basic principles of process modeling, the distinction between global and detailed views of processes, and an approach to managing the detail of the process model in the form of four levels of process abstraction are introduced. Chapter 3 describes the modeling of a business system in terms of its underlying concepts and the business rules that apply within the modeled system. The basic principles of object modeling, the distinction between global and detailed views of objects, and the approach to capturing the object life cycles are introduced. Chapter 4 presents a simplified metamodel that describes how all models of the business system are related, and consistency rules that guide the analysts to avoid possible inconsistencies. Chapter 5 focuses on the implementation of the business system in an organization. It describes the role and specifics of its information system, explains the comprehensive procedure for building the process-driven organization, and reflects on the organizational maturity and its role in the further development of a process-driven organization. Eventually, Chapter 6 presents a complex example of the application of MMABP, including the functioning prototype of the process system. The prototype is then used to illustrate an essential difference between the conceptual and technology levels of models, and the importance of distinguishing between them.This textbook is written for students in enterprise architecture or business information systems as well as for professionals developing enterprise information systems or process-driven organizations.

This textbook explains the fundamentals of Enterprise Design. It emphasizes two separations of concerns when (re)designing enterprises to keep the work intellectually manageable. The first one is between function and construction, thus between the enterprise business and the enterprise organisation. The second one is between the essential model of the organisation (the ontology of the enterprise) and the implementation model. With these two intellectual tools it is possible to conceive and put into effect any change in a manageable and responsible way.To this end, the book is divided into three parts: Introduction, Theories, and Applications. Part I contains the three introductory chapters. In chapter 1 the reader is introduced to the discipline of Enterprise Engineering, in which a design-oriented view is taken toward organisations. Chapter 2 discusses the often-confused distinction between Enterprise Engineering and Enterprise Architecture, and chapter 3 introduces Enterprise Design as one of the conceptual pillars of Enterprise Engineering. Next, Part II outlines the constituting theories of Enterprise Design. Chapter 4 first provides an overview of all Enterprise Engineering theories and their position in a clarifying framework. Then chapters 5 through 10 contain extended summaries of the theories that underly the notion of Enterprise Design. Every chapter is divided in three parts: foundations, elaborations, and discussions. Eventually, Part III is about the application of the theories. Chapter 11 contains an extensive description of the DEMO (Design and Engineering Methodology for Organisations) methodology, specifically of the DAO method, which guides the (re)design of enterprises. In chapters 12 to 14 exercises are presented and discussed for the use of DEMO to the (re)design of enterprises. These exercises in organisational redesign and digital transformation are particularly suited as course material. In chapter 15, practical applications of DEMO in various industrial areas are reported.In addition to a solid theoretical presentation of Enterprise Design, this book also contains many exercises and examples of its practical application. This combination makes the book perfectly suited for courses on Enterprise Design and Enterprise Engineering, including DEMO as the principal methodology in Enterprise Engineering.

This textbook explains the fundamentals of Enterprise Design. It emphasizes two separations of concerns when (re)designing enterprises to keep the work intellectually manageable. The first one is between function and construction, thus between the enterprise business and the enterprise organisation. The second one is between the essential model of the organisation (the ontology of the enterprise) and the implementation model. With these two intellectual tools it is possible to conceive and put into effect any change in a manageable and responsible way.To this end, the book is divided into three parts: Introduction, Theories, and Applications. Part I contains the three introductory chapters. In chapter 1 the reader is introduced to the discipline of Enterprise Engineering, in which a design-oriented view is taken toward organisations. Chapter 2 discusses the often-confused distinction between Enterprise Engineering and Enterprise Architecture, and chapter 3 introduces Enterprise Design as one of the conceptual pillars of Enterprise Engineering. Next, Part II outlines the constituting theories of Enterprise Design. Chapter 4 first provides an overview of all Enterprise Engineering theories and their position in a clarifying framework. Then chapters 5 through 10 contain extended summaries of the theories that underly the notion of Enterprise Design. Every chapter is divided in three parts: foundations, elaborations, and discussions. Eventually, Part III is about the application of the theories. Chapter 11 contains an extensive description of the DEMO (Design and Engineering Methodology for Organisations) methodology, specifically of the DAO method, which guides the (re)design of enterprises. In chapters 12 to 14 exercises are presented and discussed for the use of DEMO to the (re)design of enterprises. These exercises in organisational redesign and digital transformation are particularly suited as course material. In chapter 15, practical applications of DEMO in various industrial areas are reported.In addition to a solid theoretical presentation of Enterprise Design, this book also contains many exercises and examples of its practical application. This combination makes the book perfectly suited for courses on Enterprise Design and Enterprise Engineering, including DEMO as the principal methodology in Enterprise Engineering.

The book titled "Enterprise Governance and Management" will offer useful means to the reader for establishing governance and management in an organisation, as well as for dealing with changes, regardless the origin of their causes: internal or external. As the third and final book in its series (after the books on Enterprise Ontology and Enterprise Design), Enterprise Governance and Management has the same firm theoretical basis: the CIAO paradigm and its offspring of specific theories, which constitute the foundations of the emerging discipline of Enterprise Engineering. Like the two predecessors, the book is a theory-based but practical guide.

Most enterprise transformations fail—not because of poor execution, but because they are based on the wrong understanding of what an enterprise is.  If organisations are treated as machines, transformation will remain mechanical—and ineffective.This book develops a systemic approach to enterprise transformation, viewing organisations as goal-oriented social systems shaped by structure, relationships, and shared mental models. By integrating enterprise engineering with dialogical and appreciative approaches, it provides a coherent framework to design, guide, and realise transformation in complex environments.Topics and features:Establishes a systemic foundation for enterprise transformation, grounded in systems theory Reframes enterprises as dynamic social systems shaped by relationships and meaning Combines structural design (enterprise engineering) with dialogical, human-centred change approaches Clarifies the difference between system performance and system construction for better decision-making Highlights the importance of shared mental models and social dynamics as the true leverage point of change Demonstrates the approach through a longitudinal real-world case with measurable impact This book is essential reading for executives, enterprise architects, transformation leaders and consultants involved in enterprise change initiatives. It also serves as a valuable resource for academics, researchers, and postgraduate students in enterprise engineering, management information systems, organisational design, and other management sciences.Jan De Winter (DWT Consulting bv, Belgium) bridges theory and practice, integrating enterprise engineering with dialogical organisational development to support complex transformation initiatives across public and private sector organisations.

The increasing penetration of IT in organizations calls for an integrative perspective on enterprises and their supporting information systems. MERODE offers an intuitive and practical approach to enterprise modelling and using these models as core for building enterprise information systems. From a business analyst perspective, benefits of the approach are its simplicity and the possibility to evaluate the consequences of modeling choices through fast prototyping, without requiring any technical experience. The focus on domain modelling ensures the development of a common language for talking about essential business concepts and of a shared understanding of business rules. On the construction side, experienced benefits of the approach are a clear separation between specification and implementation, more generic and future-proof systems, and an improved insight in the cost of changes.A first distinguishing feature is the method’s grounding in process algebra provides clear criteria and practical support for model quality. Second, the use of the concept of business events provides a deep integration between structural and behavioral aspects. The clear and intuitive semantics easily extend to application integration (COTS software and Web Services).Students and practitioners are the book’s main target audience, as both groups will benefit from its practical advice on how to create complete models which combine structural and behavioral views of a system-to-be and which can readily be transformed into code, and on how to evaluate the quality of those models. In addition, researchers in the area of conceptual or enterprise modelling will find a concise overview of the main findings related to the MERODE project.The work is complemented by a wealth of extra material on the author’s web page at KU Leuven, including a free CASE tool with code generator, a collection of cases with solutions, and a set of domain modelling patterns that have been developed on the basis of the method’s use in industry and government.

The increasing penetration of IT in organizations calls for an integrative perspective on enterprises and their supporting information systems. MERODE offers an intuitive and practical approach to enterprise modelling and using these models as core for building enterprise information systems. From a business analyst perspective, benefits of the approach are its simplicity and the possibility to evaluate the consequences of modeling choices through fast prototyping, without requiring any technical experience. The focus on domain modelling ensures the development of a common language for talking about essential business concepts and of a shared understanding of business rules. On the construction side, experienced benefits of the approach are a clear separation between specification and implementation, more generic and future-proof systems, and an improved insight in the cost of changes.A first distinguishing feature is the method’s grounding in process algebra provides clear criteria and practical support for model quality. Second, the use of the concept of business events provides a deep integration between structural and behavioral aspects. The clear and intuitive semantics easily extend to application integration (COTS software and Web Services).Students and practitioners are the book’s main target audience, as both groups will benefit from its practical advice on how to create complete models which combine structural and behavioral views of a system-to-be and which can readily be transformed into code, and on how to evaluate the quality of those models. In addition, researchers in the area of conceptual or enterprise modelling will find a concise overview of the main findings related to the MERODE project.The work is complemented by a wealth of extra material on the author’s web page at KU Leuven, including a free CASE tool with code generator, a collection of cases with solutions, and a set of domain modelling patterns that have been developed on the basis of the method’s use in industry and government.

Architectural coordination of enterprise transformation (ACET) integrates and aggregates local information and provides different viewpoints, such as financial, structural, or skill perspectives to the respective stakeholder groups, with the aim of creating a consensus and shared understanding of an enterprise transformation among the stakeholders. Its core purpose is to inform decision-makers with both local and enterprise-wide concerns so that the overall transformation goals can be successfully pursued, i.e. reducing inconsistencies and including local decisions in the overarching goals.This book consists of three major parts, framed by an introduction and a summary. To enable readers to gain a better understanding of the issues involved in real-world enterprise transformations as well as the possible role of architectural coordination and the associated challenges, Part I provides an analysis of status quo of corporate ACET practice. Part II then continues with an exploration of the challenges facing ACET from a theoretical perspective. Based on these challenges, Part III then presents a collection of components for a possible design theory for ACET. Instead of an integrated method, this collection of components constitutes method fragments that can be arranged in different ways depending on the perspective taken, the actual enterprise architecture management approach, the enterprise transformation type and the transformation’s context.

This book outlines the important foundational insights for enterprise governance and enterprise engineering, which are obviously provided by the social and organization sciences, but also by other sciences such as philosophy and information technology. It presents an employee-centric theory of organization in order to secure enterprise performance and also to comply with moral considerations about society and human individuals. This is necessary as prescriptions based on ‘best practices’ or the ‘best managed companies’ are often merely anecdotal, faddish, or controversial, and based on unsubstantiated pseudo-theories.The book consists of four main chapters, the first of which summarizes the importance of foundational insights for enterprises and explains the mutual relationships between the basic elements of enterprise governance and enterprise engineering. Next, chapter 2 explains the necessary philosophical foundations concerning knowledge, truth, language, and human existence. Subsequently, chapter 3 describes the ontological foundation and the nature of society and enterprises, as understanding their characteristics is a prerequisite for understanding and designing enterprises. Finally, chapter 4 approaches ideological foundations as beliefs and convictions, as they create specific requirements for the design of enterprises. In this way, the book covers all the cornerstones of the employee-centric theory of organization, drawing on foundational insights.The book is mainly intended for students specializing in areas such as business administration, management and organization science, governance, and enterprise and information systems design. However, professionals working in these areas will also benefit from the book, as it allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of their work and will thus help them to avoid strategic failures due to a lack of coherence and consistency between the various parts of their organization.

This book introduces, explains, and illustrates the theories, concepts, and methods needed for sound enterprise engineering. These are based on foundational insights, specifically those concerning the employee-centric theory of organization, which are put into practice by coherently and consistently applying them to enterprise design and change.The book consists of five main chapters, the first of which emphasizes the importance of linking foundational insights with the enterprise engineering design science for practicing them in enterprise design within the scope of enterprise governance concerned with enterprise change. Chapter 2 summarizes the necessary philosophical, ontological and ideological foundations of enterprise design and change. Subsequently, chapter 3 outlines essential aspects of enterprise change and describes the relation between enterprise governance and the process of enterprise design, while chapter 4 details the enterprise engineering design science and the actual enterprise design process, its various perspectives and both its intermediate and final results. Lastly, chapter 5 illustrates in detail the application of all the process steps in a single, extensive example. In this way, the book shows how all the cornerstones of enterprise design and change, as well as the employee-centric theory of organization can be applied.The book is mainly intended for students in areas such as business administration, management and organization science, governance, and enterprise and information systems design. However, professionals working in these areas will also benefit from the book, as it provides them with all the elements needed for engineering enterprise design, and details their application.

This book is positioned as a rst in a series of books on enterprise architecture needed for a Master of Enterprise Architecture program, and is targeted both at university students and practitioners with a drive to increase their understanding of these elds. As an introductory book, this book aims to explore the concept of enterprise architecture. At rst glance, writing such an introductory book might seem as a straight forward task of setting up a structure and lling in “the blanks. ” However, writing this book turned out to be a pleasant journey of discovery. Based on our past experiences, each of us had a clear understanding of enterprise architecture, based on several years of experience and insight in the eld. However, when we started writing this book, and each of us exposed our individual understandings, it became apparent that our understanding of the eld differed in several ways. This prompted several discussions leading to an abundance of new insights. Without exception, thesediscussionstookplaceina pleasantandopenatmosphere,fueledbyourshared driveforunderstandingandincreasedinsight. Wearenowevenmoreconvincedthan before, that the eld enterprise architecture is a true multi-disciplinary profession. In the resulting book, we would like to share our insights, while also hoping to continue our discussions, now also involving you as a reader. We also realise that the journey is still far from complete. While this introductory book provides an overview of the eld of enterprise architecture from the perspective of our insights, many aspects need further re nement.

Achieving enterprise success necessitates addressing enterprises in ways that match the complexity and dynamics of the modern enterprise environment. However, since the majority of enterprise strategic initiatives appear to fail – among which those regarding information technology – the currently often practiced approaches to strategy development and implementation seem more an obstacle than an enabler for strategic enterprise success. Two themes underpin the fundamentally different views outlined in this book. First, the competence-based perspective on governance, whereby employees are viewed as the crucial core for effectively addressing the complex, dynamic and uncertain enterprise reality, as well as for successfully defining and operationalizing strategic choices. Second, enterprise engineering as the formal conceptual framework and methodology for arranging a unified and integrated enterprise design, which is a necessary condition for enterprise success.Jan Hoogervorst's presentation, which is based on both research and his professional background at Sogeti B.V., aims at professionals in management and consulting as well as students in management science and business information systems.

Achieving enterprise success necessitates addressing enterprises in ways that match the complexity and dynamics of the modern enterprise environment. However, since the majority of enterprise strategic initiatives appear to fail – among which those regarding information technology – the currently often practiced approaches to strategy development and implementation seem more an obstacle than an enabler for strategic enterprise success. Two themes underpin the fundamentally different views outlined in this book. First, the competence-based perspective on governance, whereby employees are viewed as the crucial core for effectively addressing the complex, dynamic and uncertain enterprise reality, as well as for successfully defining and operationalizing strategic choices. Second, enterprise engineering as the formal conceptual framework and methodology for arranging a unified and integrated enterprise design, which is a necessary condition for enterprise success.Jan Hoogervorst's presentation, which is based on both research and his professional background at Sogeti B.V., aims at professionals in management and consulting as well as students in management science and business information systems.

Enterprises, from small to large, evolve continuously. As a result, their structures are transformed and extended continuously. Without some means of control, such changes are bound to lead to an overly complex, uncoordinated and heterogeneous environment that is hard to manage and hard to adapt to future changes. Enterprise architecture principles provide a means to direct transformations of enterprises. As a consequence, architecture principles should be seen as the cornerstones of any architecture.In this book, Greefhorst and Proper focus on the role of architecture principles. They provide both a theoretical and a practical perspective on architecture principles. The theoretical perspective involves a brief survey of the general concept of principle as well as an analysis of different flavors of principles. Architecture principles are regarded as a specific class of normative principles that direct the design of an enterprise, from the definition of its business to its supporting IT. The practical perspective on architecture principles is concerned with an approach to the formulation of architecture principles, as well as their actual use in organizations. To illustrate their use in practice, several real-life cases are discussed, an application of architecture principles in TOGAF is included, and a catalogue of example architecture principles is provided.With this broad coverage, the authors target students and researchers specializing in enterprise architecture or business information systems, as well as practitioners who want to understand the foundations underlying their practical daily work.