Geotechnologies and the Environment – serie

This chapter has shown a small sample of GIS applications in economic devel- ment. GIS is a powerful tool for data analysis and presentation, and the economic development rami cations are truly signi cant. The speed at which data and stra- gies can be coordinated is clearly changing the way economic developers approach their job. There are a number of important trends that are likely to result in GIS becoming more pervasive in the economic development community. These include declining costs of GIS software, increased computing power, and the growth of Web-based GIS applications. There also has been increase in GIS skills among economic development professionals. References Bastian, L. (2002). Getting the best from the web. Area Development Site and Facility Planning, March 1–7. Accessed 5 September 2008. Batheldt, H. (2005). Geographies of production: growth regimes in spatial perspective (II) – kno- edge creation and growth in clusters. Progress in Human Geography, 29(2), 204–216. Bathelt,H.,Malmberg,A.,Maskell,P.(2004). Clustersandknowledge: localbuzz,globalpipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31–56. Bernthal, M., Regan, T. (2004). The economic impact of a NASCAR racetrack on a rural com- nity and region. Sports Marketing Quarterly, 13(1), 26–34. Blackwell, M., Cobb, S. Weinbert, D. (2002). The economic impact of educational institutions: Issues and methodology. Economic Development Quarterly, 16(1), 88–95. Blair, J. (1995). Local Economic Development, Analysis and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

This book offers an overview of geospatial technologies in land resources mapping, monitoring and management. It consists of four main sections: geospatial technologies  - principles and applications; geospatial technologies in land resources mapping; geospatial technologies in land resources monitoring; and geospatial technologies in land resources management. Each part is divided into detailed chapters that include illustrations and tables. The authors, from leading institutes, such as the ICAR-NBSS&LUP, IIT-B, NRSC, ICRISAT, share their experiences and offer case studies to provide advanced insights into the field. It is a valuable resource for the scientific and the teaching community, extension scientists at research institutes and agricultural universities/colleges as well as those involved in planning and managing land resources for sustainable agriculture and livelihood security.

Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies—Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques—to study land use and land cover conversion. With contributions from professors at the Mweka College of African Wildlife Management located at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro and other Tanzanian researchers, the book provides important perspectives of local experts and practitioners. Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania provides a significant contribution in research and technological advancement in the areas of wildlife conservation and protected land management throughout this critical region.

Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies—Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques—to study land use and land cover conversion. With contributions from professors at the Mweka College of African Wildlife Management located at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro and other Tanzanian researchers, the book provides important perspectives of local experts and practitioners. Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania provides a significant contribution in research and technological advancement in the areas of wildlife conservation and protected land management throughout this critical region.

This volume fills a research gap between the rapid development of High Performance Computing (HPC) approaches and their geospatial applications. With a focus on geospatial applications, the book discusses in detail how researchers apply HPC to tackle their geospatial problems. Based on this focus, the book identifies the opportunities and challenges revolving around geospatial applications of HPC. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of HPC, and will learn how HPC methods are applied in various specific areas of geospatial study. The book begins by discussing theoretical aspects and methodological uses of HPC within a geospatial context, including parallel algorithms, geospatial data handling, spatial analysis and modeling, and cartography and geovisualization. Then, specific domain applications of HPC are addressed in the contexts of earth science, land use and land cover change, urban studies, transportation studies, and social science. The bookwill be of interest to scientists and engineers who are interested in applying cutting-edge HPC technologies in their respective fields, as well as students and faculty engaged in geography, environmental science, social science, and computer science.

This volume fills a research gap between the rapid development of High Performance Computing (HPC) approaches and their geospatial applications. With a focus on geospatial applications, the book discusses in detail how researchers apply HPC to tackle their geospatial problems. Based on this focus, the book identifies the opportunities and challenges revolving around geospatial applications of HPC. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of HPC, and will learn how HPC methods are applied in various specific areas of geospatial study. The book begins by discussing theoretical aspects and methodological uses of HPC within a geospatial context, including parallel algorithms, geospatial data handling, spatial analysis and modeling, and cartography and geovisualization. Then, specific domain applications of HPC are addressed in the contexts of earth science, land use and land cover change, urban studies, transportation studies, and social science. The bookwill be of interest to scientists and engineers who are interested in applying cutting-edge HPC technologies in their respective fields, as well as students and faculty engaged in geography, environmental science, social science, and computer science.

The use of small unoccupied aerial systems (sUAS) for acquiring close-range remotely sensed data has substantially increased in the past 5 years. A primary focus of early research was on physical systems and photogrammetric techniques. However, as sUAS technology continues to improve and more sophisticated payloads are utilized, such as lidar and multispectral cameras, applications have expanded to nearly all subdisciplines within Geography. This edited volume is intended to showcase the various ways in which sUAS are used in geographic research, including geomorphology, environmental and hazard monitoring, biogeography, and urban and sociocultural geography.

The use of small unoccupied aerial systems (sUAS) for acquiring close-range remotely sensed data has substantially increased in the past 5 years. A primary focus of early research was on physical systems and photogrammetric techniques. However, as sUAS technology continues to improve and more sophisticated payloads are utilized, such as lidar and multispectral cameras, applications have expanded to nearly all subdisciplines within Geography. This edited volume is intended to showcase the various ways in which sUAS are used in geographic research, including geomorphology, environmental and hazard monitoring, biogeography, and urban and sociocultural geography.

This book covers theoretical concepts of climate change related phenomena, different components of geospatial technology and application of geospatial technology on analysis of climate changes. Besides the book will also cover different characteristics of climate resilience, how resilience relates to the adaptation and mitigation and role of geospatial science, techniques, and tools in building climate resilience of a society. This text is suitable for researchers, academicians, urban planners, environmentalists, policy makers, scientists, ecologists, administrators etc.

This book covers theoretical concepts of climate change related phenomena, different components of geospatial technology and application of geospatial technology on analysis of climate changes. Besides the book will also cover different characteristics of climate resilience, how resilience relates to the adaptation and mitigation and role of geospatial science, techniques, and tools in building climate resilience of a society. This text is suitable for researchers, academicians, urban planners, environmentalists, policy makers, scientists, ecologists, administrators etc.

This edited volume offers innovative research and applications in the analysis, modelling, and mapping of crime using geospatial and GeoAI technologies. This is a follow-up publication of an edited volume by the same editor with a similar title, Crime Modeling and Mapping Using Geospatial Technologies, published by Springer in its popular Geotechnologies and the Environment series in 2013.The book comprises sixteen chapters authored by some of the most esteemed researchers in the field. These chapters are organized into four sections: big data and microspaces (Part I), mobility (Part II), drugs (Part III), and additional geospatial applications (Part IV).Part I includes five chapters focusing on interactive crime mapping by using large data sets obtained from social media and analyzing these data using AI applications; a fundamental spatial problem that considers spatial properties of a crime dataset to determine an adequate areal unit size; different aspects of the influence or prediction of crime in microspaces; and the use of sampled surface pollen to model the search space for documented forensic cases. Part II has four chapters that introduce two route generation heuristics that automate the creation of hot spots policing patrol routes; discuss how to optimize police response with two different maximal covering location problems; and examine how human mobility patterns impact crime trends and modelling. Part III consists of three chapters addressing opioid overdose patterns using a spatial mixed methods approach; spatial-temporal changes in hot spots of drug-related offences; and how geospatial technology can be used to empower stakeholders to make informed policy decisions about alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions. Part IV comprises four diverse chapters that do not fit under a single theme. The topics discussed include: the impact of video surveillance on the spatial distribution of crime; the identification of the location of missing persons outreach events with spatial clustering analysis methods; an examination of the distribution patterns of all types of juvenile delinquency to investigate underlying factors; and a review and comparison of GeoAI methods for detecting and mapping illegal logging.This book would be useful to faculty, students and research scholars from geography, sociology, criminal justice, criminology, forensic sciences, and other related disciplines as well as to crime analysts working for law enforcement agencies at the local, state, or federal levels from around the world.

This edited volume offers innovative research and applications in the analysis, modelling, and mapping of crime using geospatial and GeoAI technologies. This is a follow-up publication of an edited volume by the same editor with a similar title, Crime Modeling and Mapping Using Geospatial Technologies, published by Springer in its popular Geotechnologies and the Environment series in 2013.The book comprises sixteen chapters authored by some of the most esteemed researchers in the field. These chapters are organized into four sections: big data and microspaces (Part I), mobility (Part II), drugs (Part III), and additional geospatial applications (Part IV).Part I includes five chapters focusing on interactive crime mapping by using large data sets obtained from social media and analyzing these data using AI applications; a fundamental spatial problem that considers spatial properties of a crime dataset to determine an adequate areal unit size; different aspects of the influence or prediction of crime in microspaces; and the use of sampled surface pollen to model the search space for documented forensic cases. Part II has four chapters that introduce two route generation heuristics that automate the creation of hot spots policing patrol routes; discuss how to optimize police response with two different maximal covering location problems; and examine how human mobility patterns impact crime trends and modelling. Part III consists of three chapters addressing opioid overdose patterns using a spatial mixed methods approach; spatial-temporal changes in hot spots of drug-related offences; and how geospatial technology can be used to empower stakeholders to make informed policy decisions about alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions. Part IV comprises four diverse chapters that do not fit under a single theme. The topics discussed include: the impact of video surveillance on the spatial distribution of crime; the identification of the location of missing persons outreach events with spatial clustering analysis methods; an examination of the distribution patterns of all types of juvenile delinquency to investigate underlying factors; and a review and comparison of GeoAI methods for detecting and mapping illegal logging.This book would be useful to faculty, students and research scholars from geography, sociology, criminal justice, criminology, forensic sciences, and other related disciplines as well as to crime analysts working for law enforcement agencies at the local, state, or federal levels from around the world.

Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change describes various approaches from different countries on how to use geospatial technologies to help solving climate change issues. It also details how different geospatial technologies (remote sensing, Geographical Information System…) can be used to help with climate monitoring and modeling, how to work with them and what to be careful about. This book is written by scientific experts from four different continents. Written in a comprehensive and complete way, this book is essential reading material for graduate and undergraduate students interested in these techniques and in climate change.

This book aims to promote the synergistic usage of advanced computational methodologies in close relationship to geospatial information across cities of different scales. A rich collection of chapters subsumes current research frontiers originating from disciplines such as geography, urban planning, computer science, statistics, geographic information science and remote sensing. The topics covered in the book are of interest to researchers, postgraduates, practitioners and professionals. The editors hope that the scientific outcome of this book will stimulate future urban-related international and interdisciplinary research, bringing us closer to the vision of a “new science of cities.”

The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care.  The chapters are organized into four themed sections:  the role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine.  It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research.  The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who co-edited a special issue on “Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance,” published in the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research. "Health, Science, and Place is a well-intentioned overview of medical geography in the context of the ACA. Blatt does an excellent job synthesizing ecologic and geographic literatures with what we know about individual health, health care systems, and public health. … this book fills a need in the field by offering a timely discussion of the ACA and medical geography."-          Jennifer L. Moss, The AAG Review of Books, Vol. 4 (2), 2016“Amy Blatt’s pioneering new book on geomedicine and its exciting capacity to promote health and minimize risk is a robust call for understanding the role of geography for everyone’s quality of life. In Health, Science, and Place: A New Mode, Dr. Blatt’s contributions can be summarized in three categories: comprehensive analysis, creative curating, and targeted innovations... Overall, Dr. Blatt’s Health, Science, and Place: A New Model is a pathbreaking book challenging all public health and health communication scholars and practitioners to explore vigorously the role of medical geography as a shining new bridge between geography and patient care.”-          John C. Pollock, PhD, MPA, Professor of Health Communication and Human Rights, and Faculty Affiliate in Public Health, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ

This book explores the environmental, economic, and socio-political dynamics of sustainability from a geographic perspective. The chapters unite the often disparate worlds of environment, economics, and politics by seeking to understand and visualize a range of sustainability practices on the ground and in place. In concert, the book provides an overview of a range of geotechnical applications associated with environmental change (water resources, land use & land cover change); as well as investigates more nuanced and novel examples of local economic development in cities. The diverse collection maps local practices from urban farming to evolving and thriving industries such as metal scrapping and craft beer. Additionally, the book provides an integrated geo-technical framework for understanding and assessing ecosystem services, explores the deployment of unmanned systems to understand urban environmental change, interrogates the spatial politics of urban green movements, examines theimplications of revised planning practices, and investigates environmental justice. The book will be of interest to researchers, students, and anyone seeking to better understand sustainability at multiple scales in urban environments.

This book informs environmental planning professionals, students and those interested in oceans and coasts from an environmental perspective about what is needed for planning and management of these unique environments. It is comprised of twelve chapters organized in three parts. Part I highlights the basics tenets of environmental planning for oceans and coasts including important concepts from the general field of planning and coastal and ocean management (e.g., hydrography, oceans policy and law, geomorphology). Environmental problems inherent within oceans and coasts (such as sea level rise, marine pollution, overdevelopment, etc.) are also addressed, especially those at the land–sea interface. Part II covers those methodological approaches regularly used by planners working to improve environmental quality and conditions of oceans and coasts among them: integrated planning and management, ecosystem services, pollution prevention, and marine spatial planning. Part III focuses specifically on state-of-the-art tools and technologies employed by planners for marine and coastal protection. These include systematic conservation planning for protected areas, decision support tools, coastal adaptation techniques and various types of communication, including visualization, narration and tools for stakeholder participation. The final chapter in the book reviews the most important concepts covered throughout book and emphasizes the important role that environmental planners have to play in the protection and well-being of oceans and coasts.  Michael K. Orbach, of the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, penned the book's foreword.

Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change describes various approaches from different countries on how to use geospatial technologies to help solving climate change issues. It also details how different geospatial technologies (remote sensing, Geographical Information System…) can be used to help with climate monitoring and modeling, how to work with them and what to be careful about. This book is written by scientific experts from four different continents. Written in a comprehensive and complete way, this book is essential reading material for graduate and undergraduate students interested in these techniques and in climate change.

This book aims to promote the synergistic usage of advanced computational methodologies in close relationship to geospatial information across cities of different scales. A rich collection of chapters subsumes current research frontiers originating from disciplines such as geography, urban planning, computer science, statistics, geographic information science and remote sensing. The topics covered in the book are of interest to researchers, postgraduates, practitioners and professionals. The editors hope that the scientific outcome of this book will stimulate future urban-related international and interdisciplinary research, bringing us closer to the vision of a “new science of cities.”

The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care.  The chapters are organized into four themed sections:  the role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine.  It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research.  The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who co-edited a special issue on “Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance,” published in the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research. "Health, Science, and Place is a well-intentioned overview of medical geography in the context of the ACA. Blatt does an excellent job synthesizing ecologic and geographic literatures with what we know about individual health, health care systems, and public health. … this book fills a need in the field by offering a timely discussion of the ACA and medical geography."-          Jennifer L. Moss, The AAG Review of Books, Vol. 4 (2), 2016“Amy Blatt’s pioneering new book on geomedicine and its exciting capacity to promote health and minimize risk is a robust call for understanding the role of geography for everyone’s quality of life. In Health, Science, and Place: A New Mode, Dr. Blatt’s contributions can be summarized in three categories: comprehensive analysis, creative curating, and targeted innovations... Overall, Dr. Blatt’s Health, Science, and Place: A New Model is a pathbreaking book challenging all public health and health communication scholars and practitioners to explore vigorously the role of medical geography as a shining new bridge between geography and patient care.”-          John C. Pollock, PhD, MPA, Professor of Health Communication and Human Rights, and Faculty Affiliate in Public Health, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ

This book provides a complete overview of novel and state of art sensing technologies and geotechnologies relevant to support management and conservation of CH sites, monuments and works of art. The book is organized in an introduction stating the motivations and presenting the overall content of the volume and four parts. The first part focuses on remote sensing and geophysics for the study of human past and cultural heritage at site scale and as element of the surrounding territory. The second part presents an overview of non invasive technologies for investigating monuments and works of art.  The third part presents the new opportunities of ICT for an improved and safe cultural heritage fruition, from the virtual and augmented reality of historical context to artifact tracking. Finally, the forth part presents a significant worldwide set of success cases of the exploitation of the integration of geotechnologies in archeology and architectural heritage management. This book is of interest to researchers, experts of heritage science, archaeologists, students, conservators and other professionals of cultural heritage.

This book promotes the exploitation of novel and emerging approaches for mapping environmental and urban informatics empowered by citizens. Chapters are grouped in three sections representing the main subjects. The first section describes data acquisition and modeling. The second section focuses on the quality and reliability of data. The final section presents different methods of environmental monitoring and perception. The book includes diverse case studies from Mexico, the United States and Czech Republic.Topics covered in Citizen Empowered Mapping are of interest for research scholars, practitioners, postgraduates, and professionals from a variety of disciplines including geography, environmental science, geographic information science, social science, and computer science.

This book is a collection of original research papers that focus on recent developments in Spatial Analysis and Modelling with direct relevance to settlements and infrastructure. Topics include new types of data (such as simulation data), applications of methods to support decision-making, and investigations of human-environment data in order to recognize significance for structures, functions and processes of attributes. Research incorporated ranges from theoretical through methodological to applied work. It is subdivided into four main parts: the first focusing on the research of settlements and infrastructure, the second studies aspects of Geographic Data Mining, the third presents contributions in the field of Spatial Modelling, System Dynamics and Geosimulation, and the fourth part is dedicated to Multi-Scale Representation and Analysis.The book is valuable to those with a scholarly interest in spatial sciences, urban and spatial planning, as well as anyone interested in spatial analysis and the planning of human settlements and infrastructure. Most of the selected papers were originally presented at the “International Land Use Symposium (ILUS 2015): Trends in Spatial Analysis and Modelling of Settlements and Infrastructure” November 11-13 2015, in Dresden, Germany.

This book constitutes a notable contribution to investigate and present the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applicability and usefulness in environmental-related applications and sciences. The focus is on the design, creation, development and operation of integrated Web-based GIS applications for weather, marine and atmospheric environments, and the Earth's magnetic field. More specifically, the aim of this book is to present characteristic applications of GIS to environmental monitoring including GIS solutions for eco-mapping sea and port-related parameters, climate changes, and geomagnetic field.      In the first part of the book, the description of every application includes the user requirements, the design and development stages performed and the presentation of the final outcome, its capabilities and services. The Web-based applications are developed through different innovative approaches, such as cloud GIS and Google Apps for GIS, justifying the merit of WebGIS in the world of the environmental applications. The second part of the book provides an overview of geomagnetic field parameters and reveals the potential of using GIS for modeling and analyzing of the Earth's magnetic (geomagnetic) field and its parameters. Here, the authors present the recently introduced phenomenon called “geomagnetic pseudostorm”, which is modeled and further analyzed here with GIS technology and tools.    This book appeals to those interested in various areas where spatial information becomes of paramount relevance (e.g. social and economic research and mapping, environmental and climate research, decision support systems, public services, and especially for geomagnetic field variations and for the design of warning systems for natural disasters). It presents modern methods and approaches to visualize and analyze spatial information using innovative techniques, procedures, and tools of WebGIS technology. In this book, the readers find a valuable companion in their efforts to design and develop their own WebGIS applications, as it includes useful examples of developing (Web)GIS applications regarding the monitoring of marine and atmospheric environments, as well as applications that deal with meteorological issues and the Earth’s magnetic field along with solar activity (space weather information).This book can also serve as a useful reference source for graduates, researchers and professionals related to the areas indicated above.

This book offers an overview of geospatial technologies in land resources mapping, monitoring and management. It consists of four main sections: geospatial technologies  - principles and applications; geospatial technologies in land resources mapping; geospatial technologies in land resources monitoring; and geospatial technologies in land resources management. Each part is divided into detailed chapters that include illustrations and tables. The authors, from leading institutes, such as the ICAR-NBSS&LUP, IIT-B, NRSC, ICRISAT, share their experiences and offer case studies to provide advanced insights into the field. It is a valuable resource for the scientific and the teaching community, extension scientists at research institutes and agricultural universities/colleges as well as those involved in planning and managing land resources for sustainable agriculture and livelihood security.

This book explores the environmental, economic, and socio-political dynamics of sustainability from a geographic perspective. The chapters unite the often disparate worlds of environment, economics, and politics by seeking to understand and visualize a range of sustainability practices on the ground and in place. In concert, the book provides an overview of a range of geotechnical applications associated with environmental change (water resources, land use & land cover change); as well as investigates more nuanced and novel examples of local economic development in cities. The diverse collection maps local practices from urban farming to evolving and thriving industries such as metal scrapping and craft beer. Additionally, the book provides an integrated geo-technical framework for understanding and assessing ecosystem services, explores the deployment of unmanned systems to understand urban environmental change, interrogates the spatial politics of urban green movements, examines theimplications of revised planning practices, and investigates environmental justice. The book will be of interest to researchers, students, and anyone seeking to better understand sustainability at multiple scales in urban environments.

This book informs environmental planning professionals, students and those interested in oceans and coasts from an environmental perspective about what is needed for planning and management of these unique environments. It is comprised of twelve chapters organized in three parts. Part I highlights the basics tenets of environmental planning for oceans and coasts including important concepts from the general field of planning and coastal and ocean management (e.g., hydrography, oceans policy and law, geomorphology). Environmental problems inherent within oceans and coasts (such as sea level rise, marine pollution, overdevelopment, etc.) are also addressed, especially those at the land–sea interface. Part II covers those methodological approaches regularly used by planners working to improve environmental quality and conditions of oceans and coasts among them: integrated planning and management, ecosystem services, pollution prevention, and marine spatial planning. Part III focuses specifically on state-of-the-art tools and technologies employed by planners for marine and coastal protection. These include systematic conservation planning for protected areas, decision support tools, coastal adaptation techniques and various types of communication, including visualization, narration and tools for stakeholder participation. The final chapter in the book reviews the most important concepts covered throughout book and emphasizes the important role that environmental planners have to play in the protection and well-being of oceans and coasts.  Michael K. Orbach, of the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, penned the book's foreword.

This book provides a complete overview of novel and state of art sensing technologies and geotechnologies relevant to support management and conservation of CH sites, monuments and works of art. The book is organized in an introduction stating the motivations and presenting the overall content of the volume and four parts. The first part focuses on remote sensing and geophysics for the study of human past and cultural heritage at site scale and as element of the surrounding territory. The second part presents an overview of non invasive technologies for investigating monuments and works of art.  The third part presents the new opportunities of ICT for an improved and safe cultural heritage fruition, from the virtual and augmented reality of historical context to artifact tracking. Finally, the forth part presents a significant worldwide set of success cases of the exploitation of the integration of geotechnologies in archeology and architectural heritage management. This book is of interest to researchers, experts of heritage science, archaeologists, students, conservators and other professionals of cultural heritage.

This book promotes the exploitation of novel and emerging approaches for mapping environmental and urban informatics empowered by citizens. Chapters are grouped in three sections representing the main subjects. The first section describes data acquisition and modeling. The second section focuses on the quality and reliability of data. The final section presents different methods of environmental monitoring and perception. The book includes diverse case studies from Mexico, the United States and Czech Republic.Topics covered in Citizen Empowered Mapping are of interest for research scholars, practitioners, postgraduates, and professionals from a variety of disciplines including geography, environmental science, geographic information science, social science, and computer science.