Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths – serie

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 57, is a continuous series of books covering all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics. The book's main emphasis is on rare earth elements [Sc, Y, and the lanthanides (La through Lu], but whenever relevant, information is also included on the closely related actinide elements.

Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains Individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 58, the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics, presents interesting chapters on Forensic applications of rare earth materials, and Rare earths, the seventeen-position nob. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 59, presents the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 60 presents the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics.

Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 61 presents the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics.

Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 62, the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics, presents interesting chapters on a variety of topics, with this release including sections on Lanthanide calixarene complexes and their applications, Recent developments in lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets, Rare earth permanent magnets, and the Importance of Ligand Design in Lanthanide Azamacrocyclic Complexes Relevant to Biomedical Applications. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 63, the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics, presents interesting chapters on a variety of topics, with this release including sections on Rare earth permanent magnets, Biological functions of the trivalent rare earths and actinides, Recent Advances in f-Block Metal-Metal Bonds: Structure, Reactivity and Applications, Exotic rare earth-based materials for emerging spintronic technology, and more.

Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced and invited experts

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 64, the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics, presents interesting chapters on a variety of topics, with this release including sections on Structure and properties of Ln2M3Ge5 compounds, Giant magnetocaloric effect materials, Lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets, and Magnetic Refrigeration with Lanthanide-Based Materials. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts

Women’s Contribution to F-element Science, Volume 65 in the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Rare-Earth Upconversion Luminescence and Its Applications: From Molecular, to Nano and Micro Scales, Control of 4f complexes luminescence and magnetism with (organic) photoswitches, Lanthanide-Based Responsive MRI Probes, Luminescent solar concentrators: current and future applications in smart cities, Lanthanide Chalcogenide Precursors: from luminescence to nanoparticle synthesis, Helical coordination complexes of rare earths and their luminescent properties, and much more.Other chapters cover Environmental and molecular facets of uranyl(V) and uranium(V) chemistry, Uranium dendrites in molten salt electrorefining, Impact of synthesis routes on the optical performance of upconverting and NIR emitting lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, Lanthanide complexes for luminescence, therapy, and sensing, Versatile core/shell luminescent nanoparticles for biophotonic studies, and 4f-Metal ions in single molecule magnet systems.Provides the latest information on Women’s Contributions to F-element ScienceOffers outstanding and original reviews on a range of F-element Science research topicsServes as an indispensable reference for researchers and students

Women’s Contribution to F-element Science, Part Two, Volume 66 highlights women researchers, recognizing and showcasing their unique contributions to the field. Topics include nanophosphors for near Infrared imaging and energy conversion, luminescent and upconversion nanomaterials, molecular luminescence, radiopharmaceuticals, and more. Chapters in this new release include Luminescent solar concentrators: current and future applications in smart cities, Lanthanide-Based Responsive MRI Probes, Helicate coordination complexes of rare earths and their luminescent properties, Environmental and molecular facets of uranyl(V) and uranium(V) chemistry, Versatile core/shell luminescent nanoparticles for biophotonic studies, 4f-Metal ions in single molecule magnet systems.Provides updates on women researchers in rare earth physics and chemistryIncludes content surrounding nanomaterials for optical and optoelectronic applicationsCovers new materials for energy conversionDiscusses radiopharmaceuticals

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 67 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Updates in this new release include Emerging trends in the design and potential applications of luminescent lanthanide coordination complexes for photodynamic therapy, Deciphering crystal field splitting of lanthanide ions using magnetism, luminescence and ab initio calculations: a friendly discussion between van Vleck and Boltzmann, The Heavy Rare Earths' Supply Chain, and more.Provides the latest information in the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths research seriesOffers outstanding and original reviews on a range of research topicsServes as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 68 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.Presents the latest release in the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths seriesOffers outstanding and original reviews on a range of research topicsServes as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.Provides the latest information on Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths researchOffers outstanding and original reviews on a range of Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths research topicsServes as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Even at the beginning of the new millenium the rare earths still remain, to a certain extent, a mystery. The chapters in this volume will help to unravel some of these. In the filling of the 4f electronic orbitals the lanthanides defy the elementary aufbau principle that underlies the periodic sequence of the elements, and the authors of the first chapter introduce the readers to the basic physics of the orbital collapse leading to that failure. Furthermore an explanation is offered in terms of double-well potentials. The phenomenon is illustrated using the valence transitions observed in some of the rare earth atoms, including Sm group metals and the higher oxides of cerium, praseodymium and terbium. In the second chapter the synthesis and structure of the many types of rare earth halides are described. They have been described as simple, complex, binary, ternary and multinuclear complex, and other categories needed to deal with the most studied of the rare earth compounds. The structure types are skillfully illustrated to show the elementary architecture of each type.In chapter three the authors discuss the science and applications of rare earth super ionic conductors as solid electrolytes. Conduction by oxygen and fluorine anions as well as hydrogen and other cations associated with these electrolytes is emphasized. They deal with extrinsic and intrinsic types together with their associated structures and structural types including structural defects. The chapter concludes with an outline of the many applications of solid electrolytes.Chapter four introduces the reader to the principles that underlie thermoluminescence and its application to dosimetry and provides detailed information on the R-activated phosphors that support dosimetry. This is a selective review of detailed literature based on the areas making most progress.The final chapter elaborates on the data gained by the studies and interpretation around the analytical separation of the individual rare earth elements utilizing chromatographic techniques. The authors describe the fundamental chemistry that underpins contemporary analytical separation techniques for lanthanide separation and analysis. This is done after a description of the rich assortment of separation methods in use has been introduced.

Among the numerous applications of the rare-earth elements, the field of catalysis accounts for a large number. Catalysis represents approximately 20% of the total market sales of rare earths worldwide. As a matter of fact two main applications have been prominent in the last decades: zeolite stabilization for fluid cracking catalysts, and automotive post-combustion catalytic treatment.

The oldest use of rare earths in catalysis deals with the structural and chemical stabilization of the zeolites for petroleum cracking applications. For a long time this has been an area of application for non-separated rare earths. The addition of several percent of rare earths in the pores of the zeolite results in a strong surface acidity, which is essential for an efficient conversion of high-weight molecules into lighter species, like low-octane fuel, even in the very aggressive conditions of the petroleum industry.

The popular demand for high-quality air in spite of the traffic congestion in large cities resulted in larger and larger constraints in the emission exhaust from cars. Thus highly efficient catalysts have had to be designed, and due to the combination of its redox properties and very good thermal stability, cerium oxide has been since the beginning, early in the 1980s, a major component of the three-way catalysts (TWC) now used in all modern gasoline cars.

The future of rare earths in catalysis is probably bright. The fact that approximately 400 patents are applied for yearly in the area since 1992 is an illustration of a very active area. Usage of rare earths in catalysis is expected to grow due to their highly specific properties. Instead of the physical properties used in electronic applications, one deals now with redox properties, water and thermal stability, coordination numbers and so forth. The rare earths are so specific in these properties that their use can hardly be avoided, not only for the beauty of academic studies but also for the development of industrial applications with immediate influence on everyday life.

Careful control of the synthesis conditions and the definition of optimum composition in each case are the keys to the preparation of highly performing compounds for catalytic applications. They must actually be considered as high performance products with functional properties, and not just chemical species.

Chapters devoted primarily to catalysis have been published in earlier volumes of the Handbook. In this volume several more are added. The first is an extension of the earlier chapter 43, on interactions at surfaces of metals and alloys, to reactions such as hydrogenation, methanation, ammonia synthesis, saturated hydrocarbon reactions, dehydrogenation of hydrogenated materials, hydrodesulfurization, and carbon monoxide oxidation. The second chapter reports on the wide variety of catalyzed reactions involving metals and alloys in the innovated form of metal overlayers or bimetallic compounds with some transition metals produced from ammonia solutions. This is followed by a chapter on catalysis with mixed oxides usually having perovskite or perovskite-related structures.

Then follows a comprehensive discussion on the background and current role of cerium oxide and associated materials for post-treatment of exhaust gases for pollution control. These three-way catalysts (TWC) are designed to render harmless the CO, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons from internal combustion engines. The next chapter considers the wide field of zeolite catalysts containing rare earths from their historic use in petroleum refining in the 1960s to other petrochemical and fine chemical applications today. The final chapter documents the use of the triflates (the trifluoro-methane-sulfonyl group which is a hard Lewis acid in both aqueous and organic solutions) as versatile catalysts in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Their stability in the presence of water, in spite of their being hard Lewis acids, enhances their growing usefulness.

This volume of the Handbook is the first of a two-volume set of reviews devoted to the rare-earth-based high-temperature oxide superconductors (commonly known as hiTC superconductors). The history of hiTC superconductors is a few months short of being 14 years old when Bednorz and Müller published their results which showed that (La,BA)2CuO4 had a superconducting transition of ~30 K, which was about 7K higher than any other known superconducting material. Within a year the upper temperature limit was raised to nearly 100K with the discovery of an ~90K superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7-&dgr;. The announcement of a superconductor with a transition temperature higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen set-off a frenzy of research on trying to find other oxide hiTC superconductors. Within a few months the maximum superconducting transition reached 110 K (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3010, and then 122K (TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11. It took several years to push TC up another 11 K to 133 K with the discovery of superconductivity in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8, which is still the record holder today.

This volume of the handbook covers a variety of topics with three chapters dealing with a range of lanthanide magnetic materials, and three individual chapters concerning equiatomic ternary ytterbium intermetallic compounds, rare-earth polysulfides, and lanthanide organic complexes. Two the chapters also include information of the actinides and the comparative lanthanide/actinide behaviors.

This volume of the Handbook illustrates the rich variety of topics covered by rare earth science. Three chapters are devoted to the description of solid state compounds: skutterudites (Chapter 211), rare earth -antimony systems (Chapter 212), and rare earth-manganese perovskites (Chapter 214). Two other reviews deal with solid state properties: one contribution includes information on existing thermodynamic data of lanthanide trihalides (Chapter 213) while the other one describes optical properties of rare earth compounds under pressure (Chapter 217). Finally, two chapters focus on solution chemistry. The state of the art in unraveling solution structure of lanthanide-containing coordination compounds by paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance is outlined in Chapter 215. The potential of time-resolved, laser-induced emission spectroscopy for the analysis of lanthanide and actinide solutions is presented and critically discussed in Chapter 216.

This volume of the Handbook adds five new chapters to the science of rare earths. Two of the chapters deal with intermetallic compounds. An overview of ternary systems containing rare earths, transition metals and indium - Chapter 218 - opens the volume. It is followed by Chapter 219 sorting out relationships between superconductivity and magnetism. The next two chapters are dedicated to complex compounds of rare earths: Chapter 220 describes structural studies using circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy of lanthanide systems, while Chapter 221 examines rare-earth metal-organic frameworks, also known as coordination polymers. The final Chapter 222 deals with the catalytic activity of rare earths in site-selective hydrolysis of DNA and RNA.

The rare earths play a unique role in science. These seventeen related elements afford a panoply of subtle variations deriving from the systematic development of their electronic configurations, allowing a test of theory with excellent resolution. In contrast they find widespread use in even the most mundane processes such as steel making, for polishing materials and gasoline cracking catalysts. In between are exotic uses such as TV screen phosphors, lasers, high strength permanent magnets and chemical probes.This multi-volume handbook covers the entire rare earth field in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student alike, a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.� Authoritative� Comprehensive� Up-to-date� Critical� Reliable

This volume of the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earth begins with a Dedication to late Professor LeRoy Eyring who had been a committed co-editor of the first 32 volumes of this series. This is followed by four chapters, the first two pertaining to solid state physics and materials science, while the last two chapters describe organic (and inorganic) reactions mediated by tetravalent cerium-based oxidants and by divalent samarium-based reductants. Chapter 227 is devoted to the description of the crystal chemistry and physical properties of rare-earth bismuthides, a class of compounds showing large similarities with the rare-earth antimonides previously reviewed in volume 33 of this series. The fascinating optical and electric properties of rare-earth hydride films displaying a switchable mirror effect as a function of hydrogen pressure, i.e. from a shiny metallic state to a transparent insulating film with increasing pressure, are described in Chapter 228, along with their fabrication methods. Many chemical reactions take advantage of the tetravalent/trivalent Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox couple and many of its potential applications are presented in Chapter 229, from analytical procedures, to electrosynthesis, and organic and industrial (polymerization) reactions. The last review (Chapter 230) focuses on the synthesis and use of divalent samarium-based reductants in organic and inorganic reactions, mainly on those containing iodide and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands.�Authoritative�Comprehensive�Up-to-date�Critical�Reliable

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements. Volume 38 of the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earth incorporates a recapitulation of the scientific achievements and contributions made by the late Professor LeRoy Eyring (1919-2005) to the science of the lanthanide oxides in which the lanthanide element has a valence equal to or greater than three.AuthoritativeComprehensiveUp-to-dateCritical

Optical spectroscopy has been instrumental in the discovery of many lanthanide elements. In return, these elements have always played a prominent role in lighting devices and light conversion technologies (Auer mantles, incandescent lamps, lasers, cathode-ray and plasma displays). They are also presently used in highly sensitive luminescent bio-analyses and cell imaging. This volume of the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths is entirely devoted to the photophysical properties of these elements. It is dedicated to the late Professor William T (Bill) Carnall who has pioneered the understanding of lanthanide spectra in the 1960's and starts with a Dedication to this scientist. The following five chapters describe various aspects of lanthanide spectroscopy and its applications. Chapters 231 presents state-of-the-art theoretical calculations of lanthanide energy levels and transition intensities. It is followed by a review (Chapter 232) on both theoretical and experimental aspects of f-d transitions, a less well known field of lanthanide spectroscopy, yet very important for the design of new optical materials. Chapter 233 describes how confinement effects act on the photophysical properties of lanthanides when they are inserted into nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanowires, nanotubes, insulating and semiconductor nanocrystals. The use of lanthanide chelates for biomedical analyses is presented in Chapter 234; long lifetimes of the excited states of lanthanide ions allow the use of time-resolved spectroscopy, which leads to highly sensitive analyses devoid of background effect from the autofluorescence of the samples. The last review (Chapter 235) provides a comprehensive survey of near-infrared (NIR) emitting molecular probes and devices, spanning an all range of compounds, from simple chelates to macrocyclic complexes, heterometallic functional edifices, coordination polymers and other extended structures. Applications ranging from telecommunications to light-emitting diodes and biomedical analyses are assessed.- Provides a comprehensive look at optical spectroscopy and its applications- A volume in the continuing authoritative series which deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field. Authoritative Comprehensive Up-to-date Critical

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.REVIEW:"Highly experienced authors have written each review usually at a level suitable for advanced postgraduate students and research workers from a variety of fields. With the great richness of information involving references to other review articles written from different points of view, the books are an important reference source and should be on the shelves of most libraries." -- Journal of Applied Crystallography Authoritative Comprehensive Up-to-date Critical

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field. Authoritative Comprehensive Up-to-date Critical

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field. Authoritative Comprehensive Up-to-date Critical

The rare earths represent a group of chemical elements, the lanthanides, together with scandium and yttrium, which exhibit similar chemical properties. They are strategically important to developed and developing nations as they have a wide variety of applications in catalysis, the defense industry, aerospace, the materials and life sciences and in sustainable energy technologies.

The Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths is a continuing authoritative series that deals with the science and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.

Individual chapters are comprehensive, broad, critical reviews Contributions are written by highly experienced, invited experts Gives an up-to-date overview of developments in the field

The rare earths represent a group of chemical elements, the lanthanides, together with scandium and yttrium, which exhibit similar chemical properties. They are strategically important to developed and developing nations because they have several applications in catalysis, the defense industry, aerospace, the materials and life sciences and in sustainable energy technologies.

The Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths is a continuing authoritative series that deals with the science and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.

Individual chapters are comprehensive, broad, critical reviews Contributions are written by highly experienced, invited experts Gives an up-to-date overview of developments in the field