ICASE LaRC Interdisciplinary Series in Science and Engineering – serie

This volume is concerned with the understanding and modelling of combustion in high-speed flows. The exploration of a dual approach combining asymptotic and numerical methods for the analysis of the models is particularly emphasized. The models reflect the basic physical phenomena in SCRAMJETs and oblique detonation-wave engines (ODWE). This collection of papers from leading researchers presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of current research and should be useful for scientists and students working in the area of combustion in high speed propulsion.

This volume is concerned with current technologically important issues of transition, turbulence and combustion. Topics covered include linear and nonlinear stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological modelling of the transition zone. This collection of papers from researchers aims to represent as yet unpublished state-of-the-art research, suitable for scientists and students working in the area of transition.

This volume is concerned with current technologically important issues of transition, turbulence and combustion. Interest was focused on second-order closures and the formulation of near-wall corrections to existing high Reynolds number models, and closure model development based on turbulent flow structures and RNG theory. Topics covered in combustion include counterflow diffusion flames, development of novel mixing enhancement techniques for non-premixed combustion, and methods of modelling the interaction between turbulence and chemical kinetics. This collection of papers aims to represent as yet unpublished state-of-the-art research, suitable for scientists and students working in areas of turbulence, transition and combustion.

These two volumes are concerned with current technologically important issues of transition, turbulence and combustion. Topics covered in "Transition" include linear and nonlinear stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological modelling of the transition zone. In "Turbulence", interest was focused on second-order closures and the formulation of near-wall corrections to existing high Reynolds number models, and closure model development based on turbulent flow structures and RNG theory. Topics covered in "Combustion" include counterflow diffusion flames, development of novel mixing enhancement techniques for non-premixed combustion, and methods of modelling the interaction between turbulence and chemical kinetics. This collection of papers aims to represent as yet unpublished state-of-the-art research, suitable for scientists and students working in areas of turbulence, transition and combustion.

In this volume, designed for computational scientists and engineers working on applications requiring the memories and processing rates of large-scale parallelism, leading algorithmicists survey their own field-defining contributions, together with enough historical and bibliographical perspective to permit working one's way to the frontiers. The text contains extended coverage beyond core linear algebraic methods into tools more directly associated with partial differential and integral equations. There is a focus on practical medium-granularity parallelism, approachable through traditional programming languages.

This publication documents the proceedings of the first Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) and Applications, hosted by the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 29 - 31 May, 1996. ICASE's charter mission in 1972 remains today: to explore novel computer environments (vector in the 1970s; parallel in the 1990s) for scientific computing. These proceedings provide a necessary foundation for symposia in computational electromagnetics for future aerospace applications. The objectives of this CEM Workshop were to provide a forum for many of the leaders of the community to assess the state of CEM technology and to discuss areas of research for future programmatic planning activities. Workshop sessions included topics on optimization, industrial applications, algorithms, and a special panel session was provided during which issues were discussed and future research areas were identified.This publication aims to stimulate and improve communication among multidisciplinary researchers as well as highlighting several CEM areas that need improvement - especially for highly challenging problems. The two most important criteria in the selection of speakers for the workshop were their substantial contribution to large-scale CEM problems and their ability to articulate the issues confronting the CEM research community. Based on the results obtained, it is anticipated that this publication will be useful to government, industry, and university researchers to plan future research tasks in CEM analytical methods and applications.

The four areas of current turbulence research focused on here are: compressible turbulence, rotating turbulent flows and turbulent flows with significant mean streamline curvature, turbulent boundary layers in unfavourable pressure gradients, and statistically unsteady turbulent flows. Progress in the theoretical analysis and modelling of these flows is reviewed, and likely directions for future research on these topics are indicated. This text provides both general commentaries as well as specialized developments in the field of turbulence modelling. It provides access to both historically validated and accepted results and newer ideas and approaches to the problem of modelling turbulence. Specialized results relevant to the compressible and non-equilibrium nature of turbulence as well as turbulent flows subjected to rotation and mean pressure gradients are also treated. Also of interest, outside the traditional arena of single-point turbulence closures, are articles addressing spectral (two-point) closures, structure function closures, vortex methods and low dimensional models.There is emphasis on both rigorous mathematical developments and a focus on engineering problems in a field traditionally dominated by empiricism.

Since the 1990s, the role of computational simulations in all aspects of aerospace design has steadily increased. However, despite the many advances, the time required for computations is far too long. This text examines new ideas and methodologies that may, by 2020, revolutionize scientific computing. The volume specifically looks at trends in algorithm research, human computer interface, network-based computing, surface modeling and grid generation and computer hardware and architecture. It provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art and provides guidelines for future research directions. It is intended for computational scientists active in the field and program managers making strategic research decisions.

A feature of this book is a collection of stat-of-the-art reviews written by leading researchers in the nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes, nanocrystalline materials, biomechanics and polymer nanocomposites. The structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, polycrystalline metals, and coatings are discussed in great details. The book is a resource on multi-scale modelling of metals, nanocomposites, MEMS materials and biomedical applications. Highlights on bio-materials, MEMS, and the latest multi-scale methods (e.g., molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo) are presented. Numerous illustrations of inter-atomic potentials, nanotube deformation and fracture, grain rotation and growth in solids, ceramic coating structures, blood flows and cell adhesion are discussed.

This book includes a collection of state-of-the-art reviews written by leading researchers in the areas of micromechanics, micro-scale testing, MEMS, micro-flows, nanocrystalline materials and multi-scale modelling. The structure and properties of MEMS materials, multi-scale modelling of materials (e.g., multi-grid, probabilistic, stochastic, Voronoi cells, homogenisation, micropolar) and micro-flows are discussed in great details. The book is an exceptional resource on multi-scale methods, modelling of materials, MEMS and micro-fluidics with particular emphasis on electrostatic and electrokinetic effects. Extensive bibliography concerning all these topics is included. Highlights on nanoscale effects in materials, MEMS, and the latest multi-scale methods are presented. Numerous illustrations of micro-scale testing, materials microstructure, MEMS-related applications, electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena are discussed. This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in micromechanics of nanostructured materials and micro-flows, as well as advanced multi-scale methods for the analysis of materials and complex flow in nanotechnology. Material of the book is

An outstanding feature of this book is a collection of state-of-the-art reviews written by leading researchers in the nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes, nanocrystalline materials, biomechanics and polymer nanocomposites. The structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, polycrystalline metals, and coatings are discussed in great details. The book is an exceptional resource on multi-scale modelling of metals, nanocomposites, MEMS materials and biomedical applications. An extensive bibliography concerning all these topics is included. Highlights on bio-materials, MEMS, and the latest multi-scale methods (e.g., molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo) are presented. Numerous illustrations of inter-atomic potentials, nanotube deformation and fracture, grain rotation and growth in solids, ceramic coating structures, blood flows and cell adhesion are discussed. This book provides a comprehensive review of latest developments in the analysis of mechanical phenomena in nanotechnology and bio-nanotechnology.

This volume consists of the state-of-the-art reports on new developments in micromechanics and the modeling of nanoscale effects, and is a companion book to the recent Kluwer volume on nanomechanics and mul- scale modeling (it is entitled Trends in Nanoscale Mechanics). The two volumes grew out of a series of discussions held at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), lectures and other events shared by many researchers from the national research laboratories and academia. The key events include the 2001 Summer Series of Round-Table Discussions on Nanotechnology at ICASE Institute (NASA LaRC) organized by Drs. V. M. Harik and M. D. Salas and the 2002 NASA LaRC Workshop on Multi-scale Modeling. The goal of these interactions was to foster collaborations between academic researchers and the ICASE Institute (NASA LaRC), a universi- based institute, which has pioneered world-class computational, theoretical and experimental research in the disciplines that are important to NASA. Editors gratefully acknowledge help of Ms. E. Todd (ICASE, NASA LaRC), the ICASE Director M. D. Salas and all reviewers, in particular, Dr. B. Diskin (ICASE/NIA, NASA LaRC), Prof. R. Haftka (University of Florida), Dr. V. M. Harik (ICASE/Swales Aerospace, NASA LaRC), Prof.

Over the last decade, the role of computational simulations in all aspects of aerospace design has steadily increased. However, despite the many advances, the time required for computations is far too long. This book examines new ideas and methodologies that may, in the next twenty years, revolutionize scientific computing. The book specifically looks at trends in algorithm research, human computer interface, network-based computing, surface modeling and grid generation and computer hardware and architecture. The book provides a good overview of the current state-of-the-art and provides guidelines for future research directions. The book is intended for computational scientists active in the field and program managers making strategic research decisions.

These two volumes contain the proceedings of the Workshop on Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, sponsored by the Insti­ tute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), during June 7 to July 2, 1993. Volume I contains the contributions from the transi­ tion research, and Volume II contains the contributions from both the turbulence and combustion research. This is the third workshop in the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, the second in 1991, and their proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag under the titles "Instability and Transition" (edited by M. Y. Hussaini and R. G. Voigt) and "Instability, Transition and Turbulence" (edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and C. L. Streett) respectively. The objectives of these workshops are to expose the academic community to current technologically important issues of transition, turbulence and combustion, and to acquaint the academic commu­ nity with the unique combination of theoretical, computational and experimental capabilities at LaRC. It is hoped these will foster con­ tinued interactions, and accelerate progress in elucidating the funda­ mental phenomena of transition, turbulence and combustion. The research areas of interest in transition covered the full range of the subject: linear and nonlinear stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological modeling of the transition zone.

These two volumes contain the proceedings of the Workshop on Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, sponsored by the Insti­ tute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), during June 7 to July 2, 1993. Volume I contains the contributions from the transi­ tion research, and Volume II contains the contributions from both the turbulence and combustion research. This is the third workshop in the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, the second in 1991, and their proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag under the titles "Instability and Transition" (edited by M. Y. H ussaini and R. G. Voigt) and "Instability, Transition and Turbulence" (edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and C. L. Streett) respectively. The objectives of these workshops are to expose the academic community to current technologically important issues of transition, turbulence and combustion, and to acquaint the academic COllllllU­ nity with the unique combination of theoretical, computational and experimental capabilities at LaRC. It is hoped these will foster con­ tinued interactions, and accelerate progress in elucidating the funda­ mental phenomena of transition, turbulence and combustion. The research areas of interest in transition covered the full range of the subject: linear and nonlinear stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological modeling of the transition zone.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Com­ bustion, sponsored by the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It was held on October 12-14, 1992, and was the sec­ ond workshop in the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, and its proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag under the title "Major Research Topics in Combustion," edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar, and R. G. Voigt. The focus of the second workshop was directed towards the development, analysis, and application of basic models in high speed propulsion of particular interest to NASA. The exploration of a dual approach combining asymptotic and numerical methods for the analysis of the models was particularly encouraged. The objectives of this workshop were i) the genesis of models that would capture or reflect the basic pllysical phenomena in SCRAMJETs and/or oblique detonation-wave engines (ODWE), and ii) the stimulation of a greater interaction between NASA exper­ imental research community and the academic community. The lead paper by D. Bushnell on the status and issues of high speed propulsion relevant to both the SCRAMJET and the ODWE parallels his keynote address which set the stage of the workshop. Following the lead paper were five technical sessions with titles and chairs: Experiments (C. Rogers), Reacting Free Shear Layers (C. E. Grosch), Detonations (A. K. Kapila), Ignition and Struc­ ture (J. Buckmaster), and Unsteady Behaviour ('1'. L. Jackson).

Turbulence modeling both addresses a fundamental problem in physics, 'the last great unsolved problem of classical physics,' and has far-reaching importance in the solution of difficult practical problems from aeronautical engineering to dynamic meteorology. However, the growth of supercom­ puter facilities has recently caused an apparent shift in the focus of tur­ bulence research from modeling to direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES). This shift in emphasis comes at a time when claims are being made in the world around us that scientific analysis itself will shortly be transformed or replaced by a more powerful 'paradigm' based on massive computations and sophisticated visualization. Although this viewpoint has not lacked ar­ ticulate and influential advocates, these claims can at best only be judged premature. After all, as one computational researcher lamented, 'the com­ puter only does what I tell it to do, and not what I want it to do. ' In turbulence research, the initial speculation that computational meth­ ods would replace not only model-based computations but even experimen­ tal measurements, have not come close to fulfillment. It is becoming clear that computational methods and model development are equal partners in turbulence research: DNS and LES remain valuable tools for suggesting and validating models, while turbulence models continue to be the preferred tool for practical computations. We believed that a symposium which would reaffirm the practical and scientific importance of turbulence modeling was both necessary and timely.

In this volume, designed for engineers and scientists working in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), experts offer assessments of the capabilities of CFD, highlight some fundamental issues and barriers, and propose novel approaches to overcome these problems. They also offer new avenues for research in traditional and non-traditional disciplines. The scope of the papers ranges from the scholarly to the practical. This book is distinguished from earlier surveys by its emphasis on the problems facing CFD and by its focus on non-traditional applications of CFD techniques. There have been several significant developments in CFD since the last workshop held in 1990 and this book brings together the key developments in a single unified volume.

In this volume, designed for computational scientists and engineers working on applications requiring the memories and processing rates of large-scale parallelism, leading algorithmicists survey their own field-defining contributions, together with enough historical and bibliographical perspective to permit working one's way to the frontiers. This book is distinguished from earlier surveys in parallel numerical algorithms by its extension of coverage beyond core linear algebraic methods into tools more directly associated with partial differential and integral equations - though still with an appealing generality - and by its focus on practical medium-granularity parallelism, approachable through traditional programming languages. Several of the authors used their invitation to participate as a chance to stand back and create a unified overview, which nonspecialists will appreciate.