KAIST Research Series – serie

Is creativity something that we are simply born with and cannot hone with effort? Some say that creativity cannot be cultivated. Is it true? In general our thinking sticks to reality unless there is any external stimulation. With our thinking fixed on a certain situation, it becomes difficult to come up with a fresh idea. In this regard, three questions are suggested: (1) Question of Time: When a problem arises, question yourself on a time axis first of all. How would the matter be handled 10 or 20 years from now? (2) Question of Space: Ask yourself some questions on its spatial elements. How would the matter be handled in Saudi Arabia or in China? (3) Question of Field: Apply the given problem in a variety of fields. How would the matter be handled in the field of music or electronic engineering?The three questions suggested here are given on the three axes: time, space, and field, and this book deals with theoretical and practical aspects on the topics. In this way it is a unique book about the systematic method of developing creativity, which will have appeal to researchers and students in multidisciplinary fields from neuroscience to physics, and engineering and computer science, as well as a general public.

This book covers two most important applications of smart sensors, namely bio-health sensing and environmental monitoring.   The approach taken is holistic and covers the complete scope of the subject matter from the principles of the sensing mechanism, through device physics, circuit and system implementation techniques, and energy issues  to wireless connectivity solutions. It is written at a level suitable mainly for post-graduate level researchers interested in practical applications. The chapters are independent but complementary to each other, and the book works within the wider perspective of essential smart sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT). This is the second of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size.  This book contains substantial reference lists and over 150 figures, introducing the reader to the subject in a tutorial style whilst also addressing state-of-the-art research results, allowing it to be used as a guide for starting researchers.

This book presents an overview of smart camera systems, considering practical applications but also reviewing fundamental aspects of the underlying technology.  It introduces in a tutorial style the principles of sensing and signal processing, and also describes topics such as wireless connection to the Internet of Things (IoT) which is expected to be the biggest market for smart cameras.It is an excellent guide to the fundamental of smart camera technology, and the chapters complement each other well as the authors have worked as a team under the auspice of GFP(Global Frontier Project), the largest-scale funded research in Korea.  This is the third of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size. This book contains extensive reference lists, introduces the reader to the subject in a tutorial style and also reviews state-of-the-art results, which allows it to be used as a guide for starting researchers.

This book describes the development of core technologies to address two of the most challenging issues in research for future IT platform development, namely innovative device design and reduction of energy consumption. Three key devices, the FinFET, the TunnelFET, and the electromechanical nanoswitch are described with extensive details of use for practical applications. Energy issues are also covered in a tutorial fashion from material physics, through device technology, to innovative circuit design. The strength of this book lies in its holistic approach dealing with material trends, state-of-the-art of key devices, new examples of circuits and systems applications.   This is the first of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size. The book contains extensive reference lists and with over 200 figures  introduces the reader to the general subject in a tutorial style, also addressing the state-of-the-art,  allowing it to be used as a guide for starting researchers in these fields.

This book presents an overview of smart camera systems, considering practical applications but also reviewing fundamental aspects of the underlying technology.  It introduces in a tutorial style the principles of sensing and signal processing, and also describes topics such as wireless connection to the Internet of Things (IoT) which is expected to be the biggest market for smart cameras.It is an excellent guide to the fundamental of smart camera technology, and the chapters complement each other well as the authors have worked as a team under the auspice of GFP(Global Frontier Project), the largest-scale funded research in Korea.  This is the third of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size. This book contains extensive reference lists, introduces the reader to the subject in a tutorial style and also reviews state-of-the-art results, which allows it to be used as a guide for starting researchers.

This book covers two most important applications of smart sensors, namely bio-health sensing and environmental monitoring.   The approach taken is holistic and covers the complete scope of the subject matter from the principles of the sensing mechanism, through device physics, circuit and system implementation techniques, and energy issues  to wireless connectivity solutions. It is written at a level suitable mainly for post-graduate level researchers interested in practical applications. The chapters are independent but complementary to each other, and the book works within the wider perspective of essential smart sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT). This is the second of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size.  This book contains substantial reference lists and over 150 figures, introducing the reader to the subject in a tutorial style whilst also addressing state-of-the-art research results, allowing it to be used as a guide for starting researchers.

This book describes the development of core technologies to address two of the most challenging issues in research for future IT platform development, namely innovative device design and reduction of energy consumption. Three key devices, the FinFET, the TunnelFET, and the electromechanical nanoswitch are described with extensive details of use for practical applications. Energy issues are also covered in a tutorial fashion from material physics, through device technology, to innovative circuit design. The strength of this book lies in its holistic approach dealing with material trends, state-of-the-art of key devices, new examples of circuits and systems applications.   This is the first of three books based on the Integrated Smart Sensors research project, which describe the development of innovative devices, circuits, and system-level enabling technologies.  The aim of the project was to develop common platforms on which various devices and sensors can be loaded, and to create systems offering significant improvements in information processing speed, energy usage, and size. The book contains extensive reference lists and with over 200 figures  introduces the reader to the general subject in a tutorial style, also addressing the state-of-the-art,  allowing it to be used as a guide for starting researchers in these fields.

Is creativity something that we are simply born with and cannot hone with effort? Some say that creativity cannot be cultivated. Is it true? In general our thinking sticks to reality unless there is any external stimulation. With our thinking fixed on a certain situation, it becomes difficult to come up with a fresh idea. In this regard, three questions are suggested: (1) Question of Time: When a problem arises, question yourself on a time axis first of all. How would the matter be handled 10 or 20 years from now? (2) Question of Space: Ask yourself some questions on its spatial elements. How would the matter be handled in Saudi Arabia or in China? (3) Question of Field: Apply the given problem in a variety of fields. How would the matter be handled in the field of music or electronic engineering?The three questions suggested here are given on the three axes: time, space, and field, and this book deals with theoretical and practical aspects on the topics. In this way it is a unique book about the systematic method of developing creativity, which will have appeal to researchers and students in multidisciplinary fields from neuroscience to physics, and engineering and computer science, as well as a general public.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the principles of power electronics, focusing on the switched transformer concept and phasor transformation techniques as employed in the analysis and design of power electronic circuits.  Phasor transformations, as introduced in this book, make the time-varying nature of a switching converter simple and easy to handle, transforming it into an equivalent time-invariant circuit.The book starts with an introduction to the philosophy and fundamental principles of power electronics. The switched transformer concept, which is applicable to any switching converter, is introduced, and it is shown how DC-DC converters analyses are then so straightforward that very little equational manipulation is needed. Then the phasor transformation techniques are comprehensively explained over three parts. Single phase and multi-phase AC systems are dealt with through the single phase phasor transformation and circuit DQ transformation, respectively. A general unified phasor transformation is then introduced for the static and dynamic cases. The final part of the book considers current and potential extensions of the technique in various fields of application, including wireless power transfer, signal processing, power systems and renewable energy. The book avoids the piece-wise linear circuit models used in other titles, with which the mathematical results become too complicated to be used in practice. No cumbersome equations or matrix manipulations are needed with the phasor transformation techniques introduced in this book. It will be a valuable reference source for engineering students and practising researchers in power electronics and related areas.

This volume describes research in computational design which implements shape grammars or space syntax for morphological analysis, applying these scientific and rule-based methodologies to cultural aspects of the field. The term ‘cultural DNA’ describes the effort to explore computational design from the perspectives of a meme, a socio-cultural analogy to genes. Based on the 1st Cultural DNA Workshop, held at KAIST, Daejeon, Korea in 2015, the book considers whether there is such a thing as a ‘cultural DNA’ common throughout various domains, and if so how computer-assisted tools and methodologies play a role in its investigation.  Following an introduction covering some fundamental theories of cultural DNA research, part two of the book describes morphological analysis in architecture, with examples from Malaysia and China. Part three then moves up to morphological analysis at the urban scale, including discussion of morphological evolution in France, development of a model Korean city, and introducing a rule-based generative analysis approach for urban planning. Part four considers methods for analysing the DNA of other cultural artefacts such as online games, novels, cars, and music, and part five introduces the tools under development that aid morphological cultural DNA research including topics about shape grammar, building information modeling (BIM), cultural persona, and prototyping.   The book will be of significant interest to those involved in the cultural aspects of urban and architectural design, cultural informatics and design research.

This book blends the principles of cloud computing theory and discussion of emerging technologies in cloud broker systems, enabling users to realise the potential of an integrated broker system for scientific applications and the Internet of Things (IoT).Due to dynamic situations in user demand and cloud resource status, scalability has become crucial in the execution of complex scientific applications. Therefore, data analysts and computer scientists must grasp workflow management issues in order to better understand the characteristics of cloud resources, allocate these resources more efficiently and make critical decisions intelligently. Thus, this book addresses these issues through discussion of some novel approaches and engineering issues in cloud broker systems and cloudlets for workflow scheduling. This book closes the gaps between cloud programmers and scientific applications designers, describing the fundamentals of cloud broker system technology and the state-of-the-art applications in implementation and performance evaluation.The books gives details of scheduling structures and processes, providing guidance and inspiration for users including cloud programmers, application designers and decision makers with involvement in cloud resource management.

This book explores the emerging concept of cultural DNA, considering its application across different fields and examining commonalities in approach. It approaches the subject from four different perspectives, in which the topics include theories, analysis and synthesis of cultural DNA artefacts. After an opening section which reviews theoretical work on cultural DNA research, the second section discusses analysis & synthesis of cultural DNA at the urban scale. Section three covers analysis & synthesis of cultural DNA artefacts, and the final section offers approaches to grammar-based cultural DNA research.The book places emphasis on two specific axes: one is the scale of the object under discussion, which ranges from the small (handheld artefacts) to the very large (cities); and the other is the methodology used from analysis to synthesis. This diverse approach with detailed information about grammar-based methodologies toward cultural DNA makes the book unique.This book will serve as a source of inspiration for designers and researchers trying to find the essence, archetype, and the building blocks of our environment for the incorporation of social and cultural factors into their designs.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the principles of power electronics, focusing on the switched transformer concept and phasor transformation techniques as employed in the analysis and design of power electronic circuits.  Phasor transformations, as introduced in this book, make the time-varying nature of a switching converter simple and easy to handle, transforming it into an equivalent time-invariant circuit.The book starts with an introduction to the philosophy and fundamental principles of power electronics. The switched transformer concept, which is applicable to any switching converter, is introduced, and it is shown how DC-DC converters analyses are then so straightforward that very little equational manipulation is needed. Then the phasor transformation techniques are comprehensively explained over three parts. Single phase and multi-phase AC systems are dealt with through the single phase phasor transformation and circuit DQ transformation, respectively. A general unified phasor transformation is then introduced for the static and dynamic cases. The final part of the book considers current and potential extensions of the technique in various fields of application, including wireless power transfer, signal processing, power systems and renewable energy. The book avoids the piece-wise linear circuit models used in other titles, with which the mathematical results become too complicated to be used in practice. No cumbersome equations or matrix manipulations are needed with the phasor transformation techniques introduced in this book. It will be a valuable reference source for engineering students and practising researchers in power electronics and related areas.

This book explores the emerging concept of cultural DNA, considering its application across different fields and examining commonalities in approach. It approaches the subject from four different perspectives, in which the topics include theories, analysis and synthesis of cultural DNA artefacts. After an opening section which reviews theoretical work on cultural DNA research, the second section discusses analysis & synthesis of cultural DNA at the urban scale. Section three covers analysis & synthesis of cultural DNA artefacts, and the final section offers approaches to grammar-based cultural DNA research.The book places emphasis on two specific axes: one is the scale of the object under discussion, which ranges from the small (handheld artefacts) to the very large (cities); and the other is the methodology used from analysis to synthesis. This diverse approach with detailed information about grammar-based methodologies toward cultural DNA makes the book unique.This book will serve as a source of inspiration for designers and researchers trying to find the essence, archetype, and the building blocks of our environment for the incorporation of social and cultural factors into their designs.

This book blends the principles of cloud computing theory and discussion of emerging technologies in cloud broker systems, enabling users to realise the potential of an integrated broker system for scientific applications and the Internet of Things (IoT).Due to dynamic situations in user demand and cloud resource status, scalability has become crucial in the execution of complex scientific applications. Therefore, data analysts and computer scientists must grasp workflow management issues in order to better understand the characteristics of cloud resources, allocate these resources more efficiently and make critical decisions intelligently. Thus, this book addresses these issues through discussion of some novel approaches and engineering issues in cloud broker systems and cloudlets for workflow scheduling. This book closes the gaps between cloud programmers and scientific applications designers, describing the fundamentals of cloud broker system technology and the state-of-the-art applications in implementation and performance evaluation.The books gives details of scheduling structures and processes, providing guidance and inspiration for users including cloud programmers, application designers and decision makers with involvement in cloud resource management.

This book presents selected papers from the 3rd Cultural DNA Workshop. Contributed by prominent computational design experts in the fields of mechanical engineering and architectural design, they mainly focus on the design process; shape grammars as a valuable tool; and the analysis of cultural values.The book offers readers fresh viewpoints on computational design. and helps researchers in academy and practitioners in industry to learn more evolved cultural DNA knowledge which is newly interpreted and conceptually reinforced in areas of mechanical engineering and architectural engineering.

This book presents selected papers from the 3rd Cultural DNA Workshop. Contributed by prominent computational design experts in the fields of mechanical engineering and architectural design, they mainly focus on the design process; shape grammars as a valuable tool; and the analysis of cultural values.The book offers readers fresh viewpoints on computational design. and helps researchers in academy and practitioners in industry to learn more evolved cultural DNA knowledge which is newly interpreted and conceptually reinforced in areas of mechanical engineering and architectural engineering.

This book demonstrates fatigue crack growth under random loading graphically. This state-of-the-art monograph introduces an expert system for crack growth predictions, particularly based on crack closure. The system is developed after years of research by the authors by using the Math-type software consisting of 5 parts. This system is unique as it is fundamentally different from previous systems as it focuses on fatigue crack growth predictions based on fatigue crack closure. This book can be a useful guide for practicing engineers, researchers, and students in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, or civil engineering.

This book demonstrates fatigue crack growth under random loading graphically. This state-of-the-art monograph introduces an expert system for crack growth predictions, particularly based on crack closure. The system is developed after years of research by the authors by using the Math-type software consisting of 5 parts. This system is unique as it is fundamentally different from previous systems as it focuses on fatigue crack growth predictions based on fatigue crack closure. This book can be a useful guide for practicing engineers, researchers, and students in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, or civil engineering.

This book discusses the emergence of diverse functional organizations in the visual pathway which could be spontaneously and solely initiated by the random feedforward wiring of neural circuits. It demonstrates that the structure of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cell (RGC) mosaics is projected onto V1 by retino-cortical feedforward mapping to induce higher cognitive functions. This book will be beneficial for both theoretical and experimental neuroscientists, as well as for researchers using brain-inspired neural network models.

This book discusses the emergence of diverse functional organizations in the visual pathway which could be spontaneously and solely initiated by the random feedforward wiring of neural circuits. It demonstrates that the structure of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cell (RGC) mosaics is projected onto V1 by retino-cortical feedforward mapping to induce higher cognitive functions. This book will be beneficial for both theoretical and experimental neuroscientists, as well as for researchers using brain-inspired neural network models.

This book explores a pivotal moment in our technological evolution, where artificial intelligence is transitioning from a functional tool into a social presence embedded in everyday life. As our interactions with technology become increasingly relational, we face a critical gap in the language, frameworks, and perspectives needed to design for these emerging dynamics. This book addresses that gap by guiding readers through a design-led journey into the future of human-AI coexistence.Grounded in the method of Research through Design (RtD), this book moves beyond abstract speculation to present three provocative, real-world case studies. Each artifact—a social media-savvy robot named Beau, a diary-keeping air purifier called Areca, and a shaman-inspired AI oracle known as ShamAIn—serves as a probe into distinct facets of relational AI, ranging from social companionship to intimate cohabitation and formal authority.Through these design speculations, this book offers not only insights but also a new way of asking questions. It provides a practical guide and a conceptual toolkit for designers, researchers, and creators to responsibly and imaginatively shape the social relationships we come to have with the intelligent things we create.

This book explores the essential knowledge of fatigue and fatigue failure, emphasizing its importance in the areas of mechanical engineering and structural engineering. Covering fundamental understanding of fatigue to its practical applications, this book provides comprehensive insights that can be readily applied in practical engineering problems. Rather than presenting textbook-like content on fatigue, the authors provide easy-to-understand and practical content for both general engineers and students. Moreover, they introduce the latest research findings and useful information, facilitating rapid acquisition of fatigue-related knowledge. Particularly, sections requiring expertise in fracture mechanics are minimized, ensuring easy comprehension even for readers without specialized knowledge. Designed for use in advanced undergraduate or graduate-level courses, this book is highly recommended for engineers looking to help design and management based on a holistic understanding of fatigue.

This book explores the essential knowledge of fatigue and fatigue failure, emphasizing its importance in the areas of mechanical engineering and structural engineering. Covering fundamental understanding of fatigue to its practical applications, this book provides comprehensive insights that can be readily applied in practical engineering problems. Rather than presenting textbook-like content on fatigue, the authors provide easy-to-understand and practical content for both general engineers and students. Moreover, they introduce the latest research findings and useful information, facilitating rapid acquisition of fatigue-related knowledge. Particularly, sections requiring expertise in fracture mechanics are minimized, ensuring easy comprehension even for readers without specialized knowledge. Designed for use in advanced undergraduate or graduate-level courses, this book is highly recommended for engineers looking to help design and management based on a holistic understanding of fatigue.

This book is about Linear Systems Theory, one of the most fundamental and important prerequisites necessary to study modern control techniques. Primarily intended for first-year graduate students (and advanced undergraduates) who are interested in the field of control, this book provides both a complete coverage of all standard linear systems concepts. More importantly, it extends these concepts through a smooth transition to the next level of control theory subfields, including nonlinear control, robust control, adaptive control, and stochastic control. The book achieves this by setting itself apart from many existing linear systems texts in two main ways. First, while many older texts remain influential, their ages also mean less connection to modern real-world applications, especially in rapidly evolving areas like data-driven control and autonomous control. Second, this book emphasizes the mathematical rigor foundational to control theory, offering a more complete understanding than texts that prioritize accessibility over depth. As readers will inevitably encounter such rigor and mathematical thinking while progressing through more advanced education, even in fields outside of controls, an earlier introduction to it is more favorable. This book is organized into four main parts: 1) linear system properties, 2) linear stability, 3) linear control and estimation, and 4) linear optimal control and estimation. The main chapters of this book are focused on presenting the essential ideas and tools needed to understand and apply linear systems, while reviewing all relevant preliminaries in a self-contained manner.

This book reviews key advances and new fundamentals in genetics. The increasing importance of genetic approaches in diverse areas of biology and medical sciences constantly requires in-depth information on genetic discoveries and research strategies for advanced graduate-level students as well as current researchers. This book focuses on genetic studies of various animal model systems and their major contributions to establishing modern genetics. Information covered in this book is mostly based on original research papers that extend from classical to modern genetics and applications. The contents are organized into four parts. Part I introduces fundamental concepts and experimental strategies in classical genetics. Part II discusses molecular genetics with transposons, transgenesis, clonal analysis, and gene editing technologies. Part III emphasizes epigenetic regulation of genome organization and gene expression. Part IV integrates earlier parts with landmark genetic studies on non-coding RNAs in dosage compensation, programmed cell death, growth control related to cancer, and behavioral neurobiology.

This book reviews key advances and new fundamentals in genetics. The increasing importance of genetic approaches in diverse areas of biology and medical sciences constantly requires in-depth information on genetic discoveries and research strategies for advanced graduate-level students as well as current researchers. This book focuses on genetic studies of various animal model systems and their major contributions to establishing modern genetics. Information covered in this book is mostly based on original research papers that extend from classical to modern genetics and applications. The contents are organized into four parts. Part I introduces fundamental concepts and experimental strategies in classical genetics. Part II discusses molecular genetics with transposons, transgenesis, clonal analysis, and gene editing technologies. Part III emphasizes epigenetic regulation of genome organization and gene expression. Part IV integrates earlier parts with landmark genetic studies on non-coding RNAs in dosage compensation, programmed cell death, growth control related to cancer, and behavioral neurobiology.

This book consists of some selected papers presented  at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.It is this diverse perspective toward cultural DNA that makes this book special and suggestive. This book can be suggestive especially for the designers trying to find the very essence, the archetype, and the building blocks of our environment for the incorporation of social and cultural factors into their designs.This book consists of some selected papers presented as first drafts at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.

This book consists of some selected papers presented  at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.It is this diverse perspective toward cultural DNA that makes this book special and suggestive. This book can be suggestive especially for the designers trying to find the very essence, the archetype, and the building blocks of our environment for the incorporation of social and cultural factors into their designs.This book consists of some selected papers presented as first drafts at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.