Landolt-Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology - New Series – serie

Subvolume III/35A contains the nuclei 11B and 31P, subvolume III/35B contains the nuclei 19F and 15N, subvolume III/35C contains the nucleus 1H, subvolume III/35D contains the nucleus 13C, subvolume III/35E contains the nucleus 17O, andsubvolume III/35G contains the nucleus 77Se.

The present subvolume IV/19B2 forms the continuation of IV/19B1 and contains evaluated data for elements and Binary Systems from B-C to Cr-Zr appearing in alphabetic order of the elements in the chemical formulae. The volume is accompanied by a CD, which allows computer calculation of a range of solution properties for selected temperature and phase composition ranges for the systems presented in that particular volume. Graphical representations, including the calculated phase diagram for each system, are also possible. Information on more comprehensive software, allowing complex equilibrium calculations involving both pure substances and solution phases of different types (e.g. slags, salt systems, aqueous solutions, etc.), can be obtained from SGTE members. A list of the SGTE membership is presented in the cover pages of this volume.

The volume "Observed Global Climate" comprises a set of climate budget quantities, relevant for atmosphere and ocean (the "climate fluids") as well as for land and ice (the "climate solids").

With contributions by numerous experts

Surface Science is understood as a relatively young scientific discipline, concerned with the physical and chemical properties of phenomena on clean and covered solid surfaces, studied under a variety of conditions.

The magnetic properties of silicates and phosphates are compiled in subvolume 27I. In addition to magnetic properties, results of neutron diffraction studies, nuclear gamma resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, transport properties, dielectric and optical data are reviewed.

Nuclear resonance parameters for levels created in reactions with incident protons and a-particles, as well as other light charged particles such as deuterons, tritons, and He-3 nuclei, are of great interest for nuclear spectroscopy, astrophysical models, thermonuclear calculations and other applications.

Volume II/24 presents the rotationally resolved high resolution spectroscopic data on diamagnetic and paramagnetic molecules as well as on molecular ions and radicals up to date considering the publications up to and partly including 1997. For subvolume II/24D2 covering the polyatomic radicals, publications up to the year 2000 are taken into account. The spectroscopic information collected has been obtained principally from gas phase microwave , mm-wave and sub-mm wave measurements. In addition, gas phase data have been included derived from methods related to microwave spectroscopy by employing a coherent radiation source. These are molecular beam techniques, radio frequency spectroscopy, electron resonance spectroscopy, laser spectroscopy, double resonance and saturation techniques. Some other methods are considered if the accuracy of the derived molecular parameters is comparable to that of microwave spectroscopy owing to a good statistics in the analysis of data, and no microwave data are available. Examples would be Fourier infrared spectroscopy or laser induced fluorescence.

Volume 43 of Group III deals with crystallographic data of both intermetallic and classical inorganic compounds, thus forming an update of the former Landolt-Börnstein volumes III/6 (Structure Data of Elements and Intermetallic Phases) and III/7 (Crystal Structure Data of Inorganic Compounds).

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems.

The present subvolume IV/19B3 forms the continuation of IV/19B2 and contains evaluated data for elements and Binary Systems from Cs-K to Mg-Zr appearing in alphabetic order of the elements in the chemical formulae. The volume is accompanied by a CD, which allows computer calculation of a range of solution properties for selected temperature and phase composition ranges for the systems presented in that particular volume. Graphical representations, including the calculated phase diagram for each system, are also possible. Information on more comprehensive software, allowing complex equilibrium calculations involving both pure substances and solution phases of different types (e.g. slags, salt systems, aqueous solutions, etc.), can be obtained from SGTE members. A list of the SGTE membership is presented in the cover pages of this volume.

The magnetic properties of silicates and phosphates are compiled in subvolume 27I. In addition to magnetic properties, results of neutron diffraction studies, nuclear gamma resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, transport properties, dielectric and optical data are reviewed.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials. The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT®, a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data.The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided.In the present volume IV/11A4 selected light-metal ternary alloy systems are considered ranging from Al-Si-Ti to Ni-Si-Ti.

The present subvolume IV/19B4 forms the continuation of IV/19B3 and contains evaluated data for elements and Binary Systems from Mn-Mo to Y-Zr appearing in alphabetic order of the elements in the chemical formulae. The volume is accompanied by a CD, which allows computer calculation of a range of solution properties for selected temperature and phase composition ranges for the systems presented in that particular volume. Graphical representations, including the calculated phase diagram for each system, are also possible. Information on more comprehensive software, allowing complex equilibrium calculations involving both pure substances and solution phases of different types (e.g. slags, salt systems, aqueous solutions, etc.), can be obtained from SGTE members. A list of the SGTE membership is presented in the cover pages of this volume.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials.The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT®, a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data.The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided.In the present volume IV/11B selected noble-metal systems are considered ranging from Ag-Al-Zn to Rh-Ru-Sc.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials. The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT®, a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data.The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided.In the present volume IV/1C1 selected semiconductor ternary alloy systems are considered.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials.The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT®, a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data.The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided.In the present volume IV/11C selected non-ferrous-metal systems are considered, especially selected copper systems in this Part 2.

The present volume in the New Series of Landolt-Börnstein provides critically evaluated data on phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of ternary alloy systems. Reliable phase diagrams provide materials scientists and engineers with basic information important for fundamental research, development and optimization of materials.The often conflicting literature data have been critically evaluated by Materials Science International Team, MSIT®, a team working together since many years, and with expertise in a broad range of methods, materials and applications. All evaluation reports published here have undergone a thorough review process in which the reviewers had access to all the original data.The data for each ternary system are provided in a standard format which includes text, tables and diagrams. The topics presented are literature data, binary systems, solid phases, pseudobinary systems, invariant equilibria, liquidus, solidus, and solvus surfaces, isothermal sections, temperature-composition sections, thermodynamics, materials properties and applications, and miscellanea. Finally, a detailed bibliography of all cited references is provided.In the present volume IV/11C selected non-ferrous-metal systems are considered, especially selected soldering and brazing systems in this Part 3.

Surface Science is understood as a relatively young scientific discipline, concerned with the physical and chemical properties of phenomena on clean and covered solid surfaces, studied under a variety of conditions. The adsorption of atoms and molecules on solid surfaces is, for example, such a condition, connected with more or less drastic changes of all surface properties. An adsorption event is frequently observed in nature and found to be of technical importance in many industrial processes. For this reason, Surface Science is interdisciplinary by its very nature, and as such an important intermediary between fundamental and applied research.

Volume 43 of Group III deals with crystallographic data of both intermetallic and classical inorganic compounds, thus forming an update of the former Landolt-Börnstein volumes III/6 (Structure Data of Elements and Intermetallic Phases) and III/7 (Crystal Structure Data of Inorganic Compounds). It does not include compounds that contain C-H bonds. Moreover, in contrast to the earlier edition the present volume presents the data in a different, more modern arrangement - known crystal structures are combined in groups according to their type of structure; each structure type is therefore represented by a complete set of crystallographic data holding for all isotypic structures, with the data comprising space group, cell parameters and atom coordinates. Remarks, descriptions and figures are provided where necessary. The present subvolume A 3, which utilizes the databases TYPIX and Pauling File, forms the second contribution to volume 43, which is going to be published in a series of subvolumes. Subvolume A 1 and A 2 are already available.

Volume 43 of Group III deals with crystallographic data of both intermetallic and classical inorganic compounds, thus forming an update of the former Landolt-Börnstein volumes III/6 (Structure Data of Elements and Intermetallic Phases) and III/7 (Crystal Structure Data of Inorganic Compounds). It does not include compounds that contain C-H bonds.Moreover, in contrast to the earlier edition the present volume presents the data in a different, more modern arrangement - known crystal structures are combined in groups according to their type of structure; each structure type is therefore represented by a complete set of crystallographic data holding for all isotypic structures, with the data comprising space group, cell parameters and atom coordinates. Remarks, descriptions and figures are provided where necessary.The present subvolume A 4, which utilizes the databases TYPIX and Pauling File, forms the fourth contribution to volume 43, which is going to be published ina series of subvolumes. Subvolumes A 1 – A 3 are already available.

In the 1970s Landolt-Börnstein published a series of volumes containing crystallographic data for organic (III/5 Structure Data of Organic Crystals), intermetallic (III/6 Structure Data of Elements and Intermetallic phases) and inorganic compounds (III/7 Crystal Structure Data of Inorganic Compounds). During the 30 years that have passed, the experimental methods leading to a complete structure determination have considerably improved and the large number of crystal structures known today justifies the publication of a new compilation. The present volume will cover both intermetallic and classical inorganic compounds, a clear limit having been drawn by excluding compounds that contain C-H bonds. Whereas the earlier edition listed space group/crystal system and cell parameters for different classes of compounds, we have here chosen a different approach by grouping known crystal structures into structure types. The structure type concept is widely used among inorganic compounds, where the number of isotypic compounds can reach several hundreds. The first subvolumes will contain complete crystallographic data sets, including atom coordinates, that represent distinct structure types, whereas the last subvolumes will list cell parameters of isotypic compounds. The crystallographic data are accompanied by remarks and crystallographic features common to isotypic compounds, such as the atomic environments, a brief description of the main structural features, and drawings of selected structure types.

The three volumes VIII/1A, B, C document the state of the art of “Laser Physics and Appli- tions”. Scienti?c trends and related technological aspects are considered by compiling results and conclusions from phenomenology, observation and experiments. Reliable data, physical fundam- tals and detailed references are presented. Intherecentdecadesthelasersourcematuredtoanuniversaltoolcommontoscienti?cresearch as well as to industrial use. Today the technical goal is the generation of optical power towards shorter wavelengths, shorter pulses, higher e?ciency and higher power for applications in science and industry. Tailoring the optical energy in wavelength, space and time is a requirement for the investigation of laser-induced processes, i.e. excitation, non-linear ampli?cation, storage of optical energy, etc. According to the actual trends in laser research and development, Vol. VIII/1 is split into three parts: Vol. VIII/1A with its two subvolumes 1A1 and 1A2 covers laser fundamentals,Vol. VIII/1B with its two subvolumes 1B1 and 1B2 deals with laser systems and Vol. VIII/1C gives an overview on laser applications.

This subvolume contains selected data on heats of mixing and solution of binary gaseous, liquid, near-critical, and supercritical fluid systems of nonelectrolytes, including aqueous-organic systems, in broad ranges of temperature, pressure, and composition.

The three volumes VIII/1A, B, C document the state of the art of "Laser Physics and Applications". Scientific trends and related technological aspects are considered by compiling results and conclusions from phenomenology, observation and experiments. Reliable data, physical fundamentals and detailed references are presented.In the recent decades the laser source matured to an universal tool common to scientific research as well as to industrial use. Today the main technical goal is the generation of optical power towards shorter wavelengths, shorter pulses, higher efficiency and higher power for applications in science and industry. Tailoring the optical energy in wavelength, space and time is a requirement for the investigation of laser-induced processes, i.e. excitation, non-linear amplification, storage of optical energy, etc. According to the actual trends in laser research and development, Vol. VIII/1 is split into three parts: Vol. VIII/1A with its two subvolumes 1A1and 1A2 covers laser fundamentals, Vol. VIII/1B deals with laser systems and Vol. VIII/1C gives an overview on laser applications.

Volume I/19B (consisting of 3 subvolumes covering different ranges of Z) contains the compilation of parameters of nuclear bound states excited in reactions with charged particles. High-quality information on excited bound states situated above the low-lying levels but below the states seen as resonances is essential for the understanding of general properties of nuclei and is important for many applications. No systematic compilation of such data has been performed so far. The present compilation was prepared by two eminent experts in the fields. One of the characteristics of Landolt-Börnstein is that data are evaluated before they are accepted for compilation. The idea is to present ‘best values’ which can be used with confidence by non-experts. Subvolume I/19B1 contains the data for nuclei with Z ranging from 3 to 36. In view of the large amount of data available some of the information is given on the CD ROM only. Parameters for low-lying nuclear levels of many nuclei were previously published by Landolt-Börnstein in Volume I/18, and for nuclear unbound states in Volumes I/16 and I/19A.