MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN MEMOIRS – serie

At a double characteristic point of a differential operator with real characteristics, the linearization of the Hamilton vector field of the principal symbol is called the Hamilton map and according to either the Hamilton map has non–zero real eigenvalues or not, the operator is said to be effectively hyperbolic or noneffectively hyperbolic.For noneffectively hyperbolic operators, it was proved in the late of 1970s that for the Cauchy problem to be C∞ well posed the subprincipal symbol has to be real and bounded, in modulus, by the sum of modulus of pure imaginary eigenvalues of the Hamilton map.It has been recognized that what is crucial to the C∞ well-posedness is not only the Hamilton map but also the behavior of orbits of the Hamilton flow near the double characteristic manifold and the Hamilton map itself is not enough to determine completely the behavior of orbits of the flow. Strikingly enough, if there is an orbit of the Hamilton flow which lands tangentially on the double characteristic manifold then the Cauchy problem is not C∞ well posed even though the Levi condition is satisfied, only well posed in much smaller function spaces, the Gevrey class of order 1 ≤ s < 5 and not well posed in the Gevrey class of order s > 5.In this lecture, we provide a general picture of the Cauchy problem for noneffectively hyperbolic operators, from the view point that the Hamilton map and the geometry of orbits of the Hamilton flow completely characterizes the well/not well-posedness of the Cauchy problem, exposing well/not well-posed results of the Cauchy problem with detailed proofs.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This book is a self-contained exposition on the Bohr–Jessen limit theorem. This limit theorem, which is concerned with the behavior of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) on the line Re s = σ, where 1/2 < σ ≤ 1, was found by Bohr–Jessen in the early 1930s. After Bohr–Jessen, alternative proofs were given by Jessen–Wintner, Borchsenius–Jessen, Laurinčkas, Matsumoto and others. They dealt with this within the framework of probability theory. Their formulation, originated by Jessen–Wintner, is standard nowadays. The present book proposes a new approach for the formulation to refine their works. By this method, the whole story of the proof of the Bohr–Jessen limit theorem will now become clearer, so that the reader must be able to understand the essence of the proof in depth but without difficulty.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

Around 1980, Shigefumi Mori initiated a new theory, which is now known as the minimal model program or Mori theory, for higher-dimensional algebraic varieties. This theory has developed into a powerful tool with applications to diverse questions in algebraic geometry and related fields.One of the main purposes of this book is to establish the fundamental theorems of the minimal model program, that is, various Kodaira type vanishing theorems, the cone and contraction theorem, and so on, for quasi-log schemes. The notion of quasi-log schemes was introduced by Florin Ambro and is now indispensable for the study of semi-log canonical pairs from the cohomological point of view. By the recent developments of the minimal model program, we know that the appropriate singularities to permit on the varieties at the boundaries of moduli spaces are semi-log canonical. In order to achieve this goal, we generalize Kollár's injectivity, torsion-free, and vanishing theorems for reducible varieties by using the theory of mixed Hodge structures on cohomology with compact support. We also review many important classical Kodaira type vanishing theorems in detail and explain the basic results of the minimal model program for the reader's convenience.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The study on traveling fronts in reaction-diffusion equations is the first step to understand various kinds of propagation phenomena in reaction-diffusion models in natural science. One dimensional traveling fronts have been studied from the 1970s, and multidimensional ones have been studied from around 2005. This volume is a text book for graduate students to start their studies on traveling fronts. Using the phase plane analysis, we study the existence of traveling fronts in several kinds of reaction-diffusion equations. For a nonlinear reaction term, a bistable one is a typical one. For a bistable reaction-diffusion equation, we study the existence and stability of two-dimensional V-form fronts, and we also study pyramidal traveling fronts in three or higher space dimensions. The cross section of a pyramidal traveling front forms a convex polygon. It is known that the limit of a pyramidal traveling front gives a new multidimensional traveling front. For the study the multidimensional traveling front, studying properties of pyramidal traveling fronts plays an important role. In this volume, we study the existence, uniqueness and stability of a pyramidal traveling front as clearly as possible for further studies by graduate students. For a help of their studies, we briefly explain and prove the well-posedness of reaction-diffusion equations and the Schauder estimates and the maximum principles of solutions.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This research monograph mainly discusses a canonical and explicit compactification of the moduli spaces of abelian varieties, K3 surfaces and compact hyperKähler varieties. For that, we use two theories of compactification — Satake compactifications for locally symmetric spaces in terms of the Lie theory, and Morgan-Shalen compactifications of complex varieties in terms of valuations. We show they coincide for Shimura varieties. The obtained compactifications are no longer varieties but we provide geometric meanings to them.We partially prove that the boundary parametrizes collapsed limits of the Ricci-flat Kähler metrics. Such limits also coincide with a posteriori defined "tropicalized version" or equivalently the dual graphs of degenerations of original varieties. From differential geometric perspective, this work provides a moduli-theoretic framework for the limiting behavior of Ricci-flat Kähler metrics. From Lie theoretic perspective, this work provides a geometric meaning to the Satake compactification associated to adjoint representations, which are not the same as the Baily-Borel compactifications. Applying our theory to the case of one parameter maximal degeneration of K3 surfaces, we obtain proofs of conjectures of Gross-Wilson and Kontsevich-Soibelman.We formulate general conjectures on the limits of Ricci-flat Kähler metrics in the above framework and partially prove them, but they largely remain open.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The theme of this monograph is the relation between cluster algebras and scattering diagrams. Cluster algebras were introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky around 2000 as an algebraic and combinatorial structure originated in Lie theory. Recently, Gross, Hacking, Keel, and Kontsevich solved several important conjectures in cluster algebra theory by the scattering diagram method introduced in the homological mirror symmetry. This monograph is the first comprehensive exposition of this important development. The text consists of three parts. Part I is a first step guide to the theory of cluster algebras for readers without any knowledge on cluster algebras. Part II is the main part of the monograph, where we focus on the column sign-coherence of C-matrices and the Laurent positivity for cluster patterns, both of which were conjectured by Fomin and Zelevinsky and proved by Gross, Hacking, Keel, and Kontsevich based on the scattering diagram method. Part III is a self-contained exposition of several fundamental properties of cluster scattering diagrams with emphasis on the roles of the dilogarithm elements and the pentagon relation. As a specific feature of this monograph, each part is written without explicitly relying on the other parts. Thus, readers can start reading from any part depending on their interest and knowledge.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The theory of minimal models, which was initiated by Shigefumi Mori around 1980, plays a crucial role in higher-dimensional algebraic geometry. It has been highly desirable to consider appropriate complex analytic generalizations. The main purpose of this book is to give a rigorous foundation of the minimal model program for projective morphisms between complex analytic spaces. More specifically, we establish the cone and contraction theorem for normal pairs in a complex analytic setting. It is a starting point for the minimal model program of complex analytic log canonical pairs. Based on this book, many results for higher-dimensional algebraic varieties have already been generalized for complex analytic spaces. The results obtained in this book are expected to be useful for the study of complex analytic singularities, degenerations of complex projective varieties, and so on. We note that our approach in this book depends heavily on the author's recent result on complex analytic generalizations of Kollár's vanishing theorem and torsion-freeness. This book is written not only for researchers, but also for graduate students who are interested in the theory of minimal models for projective morphisms of complex analytic spaces.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The aim of this work is to give a new description of the geometry appearing in the multi-specialization along a general family of submanifolds (including some important cases as clean intersection or a simultaneously linearizable family of Lagrangian submanifolds in a cotangent bundle) and to extend the multi-specialization, the main ingredient for the functorial study of asymptotics.In the local model we can construct new sheaves of multi-asymptotically developable functions closely related with asymptotics along a subvariety with a simple singularity such as a cusp.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This memoir is devoted to the development of the theory of pseudo-differential operators with respect to a sub-Riemannian structure on an arbitrary compact Lie group. Our approach recovers the elliptic theory developed by the second author and V Turunen which in some sense is a theory of pseudo-differential operators adapted to the Laplacian on a compact Lie group. This means that the Hörmander classes are defined in terms of the spectrum of the Laplacian and they are compatible with the sharp analysis of elliptic problems. Indeed, in the latter case, the decay or growth of the symbols and their derivatives/differences is measured in terms of the spectrum of the Laplacian. However, in the setting of the subelliptic classes that we develop here, such a decay or growth is measured in terms of the spectrum of a Hörmander sub-Laplacian and then our theory allows the sharp analysis of subelliptic problems.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This is a reasonably self-contained exposition of the fascinating interplay between cluster algebras and the dilogarithm in the past two decades. The dilogarithm has a long and rich history since it was studied by Euler. The most intriguing property of the function is that it satisfies various functional relations, which we call dilogarithm identities (DIs). In the 1990s, various DIs were conjectured in the study of integrable models, but most of them were left unsolved. On the other hand, cluster algebras are a class of commutative algebras introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky around 2000. In this text, we explain how the above DIs are proved using the techniques and results of cluster algebras. Also, we employ the DI associated with each period in a cluster pattern of cluster algebra as the leitmotif and present several proofs, variations, and generalizations of them with various methods and techniques. The quantum DIs are also treated from a unified point of view compared to the classical ones.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This book is a long research paper. The aim of our research in this paper is to construct a theory of weights for the log crystalline cohomology sheaf of a proper or projective simple normal crossing log scheme in characteristic p > 0. This theory includes a p-adic analogue of the theory of the limit mixed Hodge structure on the cohomology of a proper or projective simple normal crossing log variety over the log point of the complex number field developed by J Steenbrink, T Fujisawa and C Nakayama. In this paper we focus on the compatibility of the cup product of the log crystalline cohomology sheaf of the log scheme with the weight filtration on it and we show the compatibility in the level of a new filtered complex. As an application of this compatibility, we prove the existence of the nondegenerate bilinear form on the primitive part of the log isocrystalline cohomology sheaf which is compatible with the weight filtration under the p-adic variational filtered log hard Lefschetz conjecture. The filtered derived PD-Hirsch extension associated to the log crystalline complex of the log scheme is a key technical ingredient in this paper. This filtered complex is the derived version of the filtered PD-Hirsch extension associated to a log de Rham-Witt complex defined by Kim-Hain.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

It is now well-known that the group SL2(Z[1/p]) and the system of modular curves over Fp2 are “closely related”, and that the latter provided first “examples” of curves over finite fields having many rational points. However, the “three basic relationships”, which really justify the former to be called the arithmetic fundamental group of the latter, still do not seem to be so commonly known.This book consists of two parts; a reproduction of the author's unpublished Lecture Notes (1968,69), and Author's Notes (2008). The former starts with explicit three main conjectural relationships for more general cases and gives various approaches towards their proofs. Though remained formally unpublished, these Lecture Notes had been widely circulated and have stimulated researches in various directions. The main conjectures themselves have also been proved since then. The Author's Notes (2008) gives detailed explanations of these developments, together with open problems.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

Although the Monte Carlo method is used in so many fields, its mathematical foundation has been weak until now because of the fundamental problem that a computer cannot generate random numbers. This book presents a strong mathematical formulation of the Monte Carlo method which is based on the theory of random number by Kolmogorov and others and that of pseudorandom number by Blum and others. As a result, we see that the Monte Carlo method may not need random numbers and pseudorandom numbers may suffice. In particular, for the Monte Carlo integration, there exist pseudorandom numbers which serve as complete substitutes for random numbers.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This volume provides a recent study of mathematical research on semiconductor equations. With recent developments in semiconductor technology, several mathematical models have been established to analyze and to simulate the behavior of electron flow in semiconductor devices. Among them, a hydrodynamic, an energy-transport and a drift-diffusion models are frequently used for the device simulation with the suitable choice, depending on the purpose of the device usage. Hence, it is interesting and important not only in mathematics but also in engineering to study a model hierarchy, relations among these models. The model hierarchy has been formally understood by relaxation limits letting the physical parameters, called relaxation times, tend to zero. The main concern of this volume is the mathematical justification of the relaxation limits. Precisely, we show that the time global solution for the hydrodynamic model converges to that for the energy-transport model as a momentum relaxation time tends to zero. Moreover, it is shown that the solution for the energy-transport model converges to that for the drift-diffusion model as an energy relaxation time tends to zero. For beginners' help, this volume also presents the physical background of the semiconductor devices, the derivation of the models, and the basic mathematical results such as the unique existence of time local solutions.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

In this book we give a unified interpretation of confluences, contiguity relations and Katz's middle convolutions for linear ordinary differential equations with polynomial coefficients and their generalization to partial differential equations. The integral representations and series expansions of their solutions are also within our interpretation. As an application to Fuchsian differential equations on the Riemann sphere, we construct a universal model of Fuchsian differential equations with a given spectral type, in particular, we construct a single ordinary differential equation without apparent singularities corresponding to any rigid local system on the Riemann sphere, whose existence was an open problem presented by N. Katz.Furthermore we obtain fundamental properties of the solutions of the rigid Fuchsian differential equations such as their connection coefficients and the necessary and sufficient condition for the irreducibility of their monodromy groups. We give many examples calculated by our fractional calculus.Published by World Scientific Education and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This volume consists of one expository paper and two research papers:T Hirai, A Hora and E Hirai, Introductory expositions on projective representations of groups (referred as [E]);T Hirai, E Hirai and A Hora, Projective representations and spin characters of complex reflection groups G(m,p,n) and G(m,p,∞), I;;T Hirai, A Hora and E Hirai, Projective representations and spin characters of complex reflection groups G(m,p,n) and G(m,p,∞), II, Case of generalized symmetric groups.;Since Schur's trilogy on 1904 and so on, many mathematicians studied projective representations of groups and algebras, and also of their characters. Nevertheless, to invite mathematicians to this interesting and important areas, the paper [E] collects introductory expositions, with a historical plotting, for the theory of projective representations of groups and their characters. The paper [I] treats general theory for projective (or spin) representations and spin characters of complex reflection groups G(m,p,n) and G(m,p,∞)=lim n→∞G(m,p,n), and clarifies the intimate relations between mother groups, G(m,1,n), G(m,1,∞)(p=1), called generalized symmetric groups, and their child groups, G(m,p,n), G(m,p,∞),(p∣m, p>1). Also we treat explicitly a case of spin type in connection with the case of non-spin type (i.e. of linear representations). A detailed and general account on the so-called Vershik-Kerov theory on limits of characters is added. The paper [II] treats spin irreducible representations and spin characters of generalized symmetric groups (mother groups) for other spin types.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This manuscript is devoted to a rigorous and detailed exposition of the spectral theory and associated forward and inverse scattering problems for the Laplace-Beltrami operators on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. Based upon the classical stationary scattering theory in ℝn, the key point of the approach is the generalized Fourier transform, which serves as the basic tool to introduce and analyse the time-dependent wave operators and the S-matrix. The crucial role is played by the characterization of the space of the scattering solutions for the Helmholtz equations utilizing a properly defined Besov-type space. After developing the scattering theory, we describe, for some cases, the inverse scattering on the asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds by adopting, for the considered case, the boundary control method for inverse problems.The manuscript is aimed at graduate students and young mathematicians interested in spectral and scattering theories, analysis on hyperbolic manifolds and theory of inverse problems. We try to make it self-consistent and, to a large extent, not dependent on the existing treatises on these topics. To our best knowledge, it is the first comprehensive description of these theories in the context of the asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The notion of stability for algebraic vector bundles on curves was originally introduced by Mumford, and moduli spaces of semi-stable vector bundles were studied intensively by Indian mathematicians. The notion of stability for algebraic sheaves was generalized to higher dimensional varieties. The study of moduli spaces of algebraic sheaves not only on curves but also on higher dimensional algebraic varieties has attracted much interest for decades and its importance has been increasing not only in algebraic geometry but also in related fields as differential geometry, mathematical physics.Masaki Maruyama is one of the pioneers in the theory of algebraic vector bundles on higher dimensional algebraic varieties. This book is a posthumous publication of his manuscript. It starts with basic concepts such as stability of sheaves, Harder-Narasimhan filtration and generalities on boundedness of sheaves. It then presents fundamental theorems on semi-stable sheaves: restriction theorems of semi-stable sheaves, boundedness of semi-stable sheaves, tensor products of semi-stable sheaves. Finally, after constructing quote-schemes, it explains the construction of the moduli space of semi-stable sheaves. The theorems are stated in a general setting and the proofs are rigorous.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This is a volume of lecture notes based on three series of lectures given by visiting professors of RIMS, Kyoto University during the year-long project "Discrete Geometric Analysis", which took place in the Japanese academic year 2012–2013. The aim of the project was to make comprehensive research on topics related to discreteness in geometry, analysis and optimization.Discrete geometric analysis is a hybrid field of several traditional disciplines, including graph theory, geometry, discrete group theory, and probability. The name of the area was coined by Toshikazu Sunada, and since being introduced, it has been extending and making new interactions with many other fields.This volume consists of three chapters: (I) Loop Erased Walks and Uniform Spanning Trees, by Martin T Barlow; (II) Combinatorial Rigidity: Graphs and Matroids in the Theory of Rigid Frameworks, by Tibor Jordán; (III) Analysis and Geometry on Groups, by Andrzej Zuk.The lecture notes are useful surveys that provide an introduction to the history and recent progress in the areas covered. They will also help researchers who work in related interdisciplinary fields to gain an understanding of the material from the viewpoint of discrete geometric analysis.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

In the study of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear wave equations with small initial data, the case where the nonlinearity has the critical power is of special interest. In this case, depending on the structure of the nonlinearity, one may observe global existence and finite time blow-up of solutions. In 80's, Klainerman introduced a sufficient condition, called the null condition, for the small data global existence in the critical case. Recently, weaker sufficient conditions are also studied.This volume offers a comprehensive survey of the theory of nonlinear wave equations, including the classical local existence theorem, the global existence in the supercritical case, the finite time blow-up and the lifespan estimate in the critical case, and the global existence under the null condition in two and three space dimensions. The main tool here is the so-called vector field method. This volume also contains recent progress in the small data global existence under some conditions weaker than the null condition, and it is shown that a wide variety of the asymptotic behavior is observed under such weaker conditions.This volume is written not only for researchers, but also for graduate students who are interested in nonlinear wave equations. The exposition is intended to be self-contained and a complete proof is given for each theorem.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The Painlevé equations were discovered as nonlinear ordinary differential equations that define new special functions, and their importance has long been recognized. Since the 1990s, there have been many studies on various generalizations of the Painlevé equations such as discretizations, higher dimensional analogues, quantizations, and so on. The aim of this book is to provide a unified approach to understand higher dimensional analogues of the Painlevé equations from the viewpoint of the deformation theory of linear ordinary differential equations. Especially, a detailed study will be given when the phase spaces of their Hamiltonian systems are four dimensional. More specifically, starting from the classification of the Fuchsian equations with four accessory parameters, we construct a degeneration scheme of linear equations by considering confluences of singular points. Then we write down the Hamiltonians of the Painlevé-type equations associated with these resulting linear equations. The following topics are explained together with examples: spectral types of linear equations, a method to calculate the Hamiltonians, confluences of singularities and degenerations of the Painlevé-type equations, the correspondence between linear equations or their spectral types through the Laplace transform. In addition, Appendix 1 discusses symmetries of moduli spaces of linear equations. As its application, it is shown that the equations obtained in this book constitute a complete list of 4-dimensional Painlevé-type equations corresponding to unramified linear equations. Appendix 2 gives a list of the 4-dimensional Painlevé-type equations corresponding to ramified linear equations.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This book is an excellent first encounter with the burgeoning field of real projective manifolds. It gives a comprehensive introduction to the theory of real projective structures on surfaces and their moduli spaces. A central theme is an attractive parameterisation of moduli space discovered by Fock and Goncharov that allows the explicit description or analysis of many key features. These include a natural Poisson structure, the effect of projective duality, holonomy representations and the geometry of ends, to name but a few.This book is written with two kinds of readers in mind: those who would like to learn about real projective surfaces or manifolds, and those who have a passing knowledge thereof but are interested in the geometric underpinnings of Fock and Goncharov's parameterisation of moduli space of certain real projective structures.The material is accessible to any mathematician interested in these topics. It is presented in a self-contained manner with minimal prerequisites. Applications of Fock and Goncharov's parameterisation of moduli space presented in this book include new proofs of results by Teichmüller (1939) concerning hyperbolic structures, by Goldman (1990) concerning closed surfaces, and by Marquis (2010) concerning structures of finite area.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The present volume is a self-contained exposition on the complete classification of singular del Pezzo surfaces of index one or two. The method of the classification used here depends on the intriguing interplay between del Pezzo surfaces and K3 surfaces, between geometry of exceptional divisors and the theory of hyperbolic lattices. The topics involved contain hot issues of research in algebraic geometry, group theory and mathematical physics.This book, written by two leading researchers of the subjects, is not only a beautiful and accessible survey on del Pezzo surfaces and K3 surfaces, but also an excellent introduction to the general theory of Q-Fano varieties.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This volume is intended as a self-contained introduction to the basic notions of geometric group theory, the main ideas being illustrated with various examples and exercises. One goal is to establish the foundations of the theory of hyperbolic groups. There is a brief discussion of classical hyperbolic geometry, with a view to motivating and illustrating this.The notes are based on a course given by the author at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, intended for fourth year undergraduates and graduate students, and could form the basis of a similar course elsewhere. Many references to more sophisticated material are given, and the work concludes with a discussion of various areas of recent and current research.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This volume is a collection of six papers based on the expository lectures of the workshop “Combinatorial Aspect of Integrable Systems” held at RIMS during July 26–30, 2004, as a part of the Project Research 2004 “Method of Algebraic Analysis in Integrable Systems”. The topics range over crystal bases of quantum groups, its algebra–geometric analogue known as geometric crystal, generalizations of Robinson–Schensted type correspondence, fermionic formula related to Bethe ansatz, applications of crystal bases to soliton celluar automata, Yang–Baxter maps, and integrable discrete dynamics. All the papers are friendly written with many illustrative examples and intimately related to each other. This volume will serve as a good guide for researchers and graduate students who are interested in this fascinating subject.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

The present volume is an expository monograph on Brownian penalisation, an important new notion the authors introduced to the theory of Wiener measure and Markov processes. It will serve as a concise guidebook for students and researchers who study probability theory, stochastic processes and mathematical finance.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the theory of stable commutator length, an important subfield of quantitative topology, with substantial connections to 2-manifolds, dynamics, geometric group theory, bounded cohomology, symplectic topology, and many other subjects. We use constructive methods whenever possible, and focus on fundamental and explicit examples. We give a self-contained presentation of several foundational results in the theory, including Bavard's Duality Theorem, the Spectral Gap Theorem, the Rationality Theorem, and the Central Limit Theorem. The contents should be accessible to any mathematician interested in these subjects, and are presented with a minimal number of prerequisites, but with a view to applications in many areas of mathematics.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This volume contains lectures presented at the French–Japanese Winter School on Zeta and L-functions, held at Muira, Japan, 2008. The main aim of the School was to study various aspects of zeta and L-functions with special emphasis on recent developments. A series of detailed lectures were given by experts in topics that include height zeta-functions, spherical functions and Igusa zeta-functions, multiple zeta values and multiple zeta-functions, classes of Euler products of zeta-functions, and L-functions associated with modular forms. This volume should be helpful to future generations in their study of the fascinating theory of zeta and L-functions.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

In this work dispersive and Strichartz estimates for solutions to general strictly hyperbolic partial differential equations with constant coefficients with lower order terms are considered. The global time decay estimates of Lp–Lq norms of propagators are analysed in detail and it is described how the time decay rates depend on the geometry of the problem. For these purposes, the frequency space is separated in several zones each giving a certain decay rate. Geometric conditions on characteristics responsible for the particular decay are presented.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets