Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering – serie

Modern Electric Vehicle Technology covers multidisciplinary aspects of electric vehicles (EVs), and is written for a wide coverage of readers including students, researchers, engineers and administrators. This book is probably the first comprehensive reference book on electric vehicles that includes the following distinct features; It concisely and precisely reviews the state of the art of EV technology and the historical development of EVs, presents the engineering philosophy of electric vehicles. Identifies new configurations, concepts and classifications of modern EV and hybrid EV (HEV) systems. Provides in-depth discussions on electric propulsion systems, emerging EV energy sources and latest EV auxiliaries. Presents the concept of system level simulation and a dedicated EV simulator for system optimisation. and discusses the key issues relating to commercialisation and implementation of EVs.

The ultrasonic motor, invented in 1980, utilizes the piezoelectric effect in the ultrasonic frequency range to provide the motive force. (In conventional electric motors the motive force is electromagnetic). The result is a motor with unusually good low-speed high-torque and power-to-weight characteristics. It has already found applications in camera autofocus mechanisms, medical equipment subject to high magnetic fields, and motorized car accessories. Its applications will increase as designers become more familiar with its unique characteristics.This book is the result of a collaboration between the inventor and an expert in conventional electric motors: the result is an introduction to the general theory presented in a way that links it to conventional motor theory. It will be invaluable both to motor designers and to those who design with and use electric motors as an introduction to this important new invention.

This book presents a detailed but easily understood development of the complex variable form of the equations describing AC machines. These equations are then extended to incorporate inverter models and a number of examples of inverter-machine dynamics are presented. A section on constant speed behaviour includes development of the conventional equivalent circuits and an extensive treatment of the constant speed eigenvalues and switching transients.Vector control and field orientation concepts are first introduced in terms of their steady state properties. This allows anyone with a basic understanding of steady state machine behaviour to understand and appreciate the potential of field orientation and to actually start using the book immediately. This is followed by a full dynamic analysis of vector controlled systems including conventional indirect and direct field orientation and less conventional systems that orient to air gap or stator flux rather than rotor flux. A chapter on the important types of current regulators is also included.The final two chapters deal with vector control and field orientation system performance in relation to tuning errors, saturation effects, selection of flux levels to optimize performance and the question of optimization in the field weakening mode.

This is the first comprehensive book on sensorless high performance a.c. drives. It is essential reading for anyone interestred in acquiring a solid background on sensorless torque-controlled drives. It presents a detailed and unified treatment of sensorless vector-controlled and direct-torque controlled drive systems. It also discusses the applications of artificial intelligence to drives. Where possible, space vector theory is used and emphasis is laid on detailed mathematical and physical analysis. Sensorless drive schemes for different types of permanent magnet synchronous motors, synchronous reluctance motors, and induction motors are also presented. These include more than twenty vector drives e.g. five types of MRAS-based vector drives, and eleven types of direct-torque-controlled (DTC) drives, e.g. the ABB DTC drive. However, torque-controlled switched reluctance motor drives are also discussed due to their emerging importance. The book also covers various drive applications using artificial intelligence (fuzzy logic, neural networks, fuzzy-neural networks) and AI-based modelling of electrical machines. Finally, self-commissioning techniques are also discussed. This is a comprehensive thoroughly up-to-date, and self-contained book suitable for students at various levels, teachers, and industrial readership.Peter Vas is a Professor at the Department of Engineering at the University of Aberdeen, UK, where he is also the Head of the Intelligent Motion Control Group. His previous books published by Oxford University Press are extensively used worldwide.

This book describes intelligent control and its use in power electronic systems, specifically AC motor drives and uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems. The book covers both the fundamentals of the subject and its practical applications. From the Foreword by Lotfi A. Zadeh, Director of Berkeley Soft Computing Center, California: 'What is unusual about [this book] is that it starts with a description of more or less classical control techniques; moves on to modern control and state space techniques; addresses in detail the complex issues arising in the analysis and design of robust control; takes up digital signal processing controllers; and finally, presents a very insightful exposition of soft computing techniques and their application to advanced control of AC drives and UPS systems.'

This book is designed to give the theoretical foundation needed by the new user of finite elements in electrical power engineering, and shows how the equipment designer can benefit from finite element analysis. It is divided into three parts; theory, modelling,and application of the finite element method. The first part outlines relevant electromagnetics, including treatment of boundaries, saturation and permanent magnets. It also shows how the finite element equations can be formulated. The presentation throughout is aimed at giving the reader a physical understanding of the process. The second part deals with special aspects of finite element modelling of engineering problems, including problem formulation, data generation and post processing and emphasises the importance of engineering judgement. The final part is an assembly of 'real' magnetic and electric field problems solved by finite elements, including application to turbine generators, permanent magnet machines, switched reluctance drives, induction motors, transformers and bushings.

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This book is addressed to engineers, applied mathematicians, and physicists involved in the design and analysis of electromagnetic systems. Its chief purpose is to clarify the structure of electromagnetism. It begins with the Faraday-Maxwell insight that in electromagnetism one is faced with an interconnected dynamical system in which space and time are closely linked with physical phenomena. An appropriate basis is given via differential geometry to describe local relationships, via and topology to describe the system. These tools are introduced in the context of Maxwell's equations in the familiar vector notation. Equations are greatly simplified by the geometrical approach, and the geometrical idea of symmetry unifies the various conservation laws. This book clarifies the relationship between fields, potentials, and sources. Links between macroscopic and quantum phenomena are explored from a geometric angle and there is a simple discussion of superconductivity.

Rapid progress in power electronics, microelectronics, and modern control technology during the past three decades has made possible the use of brushless servomotors in motion control. This application can provide high productivity and improved product quality on the production line and in manufacturing systems and is the basis of modern industrial automation and economic development. The book is intended as a practical introduction for engineers and students who are not familiar with servomotors and motion control. The control methods described are useful for practising engineers who want to deepen their knowledge of motion control in manufacturing systems. It covers the interdisciplinary areas of power electronics, drive electronics, mechatronics and control electronics, power semiconductor devices, microprocessors, circuits, controllers, sensors, magnetic materials, design methods, and applications.

Modern electronics is concerned with implementing hardware functions in semiconductor chips and the software that runs these semiconductor circuits. Very large scale integration (VLSI) of electronic circuits and systems needs interdisciplinary work by device physicists, process developers, circuit designers, design automation specialists, and computer architects. This book covers all these topics, from semiconductor devices to systems, in a compact manner.The text outlines the latest advances in semiconductor devices for VLSI circuits, but also includes simple and easy to use analytical models as well as results of device simulation. The section on circuits gives an overview of basic bipolar and field-effect transistor gates and is mainly devoted to CMOS standard cells and functional blocks (macrocells). The section on systems outlines the top-down design style of digital systems (mainly processors and memories) using functional blocks described in the previous circuit part. Finally some problems of testing and details of physical layout of chips are considered.

Condition monitoring of electrical machines and drive systems is a vital factor to achieve efficient and profitable operation of a large variety of industrial processes. Similarly, parameter estimation is important for the machine designer, and invaluable to the operator of modern drives implementing various types of controllers. It is also necessary to know the machine parameters for a number of simulation purposes. The chapters in this volume cover recent trends and advances in these and other areas, including sections on on-line and off-line parameter estimation of smooth-air-gap and salient-pole electrical machines, their diagnosis and condition monitoring. New real-time monitoring devices, vibroacoustic techniques, and the symptoms and possible causes of failures of electrical machines are also discussed.In the book a unified and in-depth physical and mathematical analysis of the various parameter estimators and condition monitoring methods is presented. For this purpose, where possible, space phasor theory is utilized and the most recent and modern developments in the field are incorporated.

The operation and simulation of a.c. and d.c. machines and a large number of variable-speed drives, including some of the most recently introduced modern drives, are discussed here, and a general theory applicable during their steady-state and transient operation is presented. Although the detailed mathematical analysis given relies mainly on space-vector theory, the relationship to other theories, including the matrix theory of generalized machine theory, is also emphasized. Many of the equations are given in their state-variable or analytical forms so that they can be used directly for computer simulations or for hand calculations.The novel features of this book include: the `exact' and `simplified' performance analysis of a.c. machines and a large number of variable-speed drives are described; both the large- and small-signal equations are given; the effects of magnetic saturation are incorporated into the different models of smooth-air gap and salient-pole machines; the space-vector model is extended to the double-cage induction machine and the salient-pole synchronous machine; it is demonstrated how all the various machine models used in the matrix model of electrical machines can be obtained from the simple space-vector model without having to use matrix transformations; a systematic approach is given for the a priori deduction of all the transformations used in generalized machine theory; and permanent-magnet machines both the surface-mounted and with interior magnets are discussed. Electrical machines and drives can be used without any prior knowledge of space-vector or other theories; it is aimed at students, teachers, and those researching in industry and universities, who require a deep understanding of the various aspects of the operation and the theories of electrical machines and drives and their simulation.

The spiral vector theory proposed and explained in this book unifies the steady state and transient state theories of AC circuits and machines. Previously steady state theory and transient state theory were separated by different expressions for state variables.This new theory makes possible the analysis of transient phenomena in three phase machines, an area largely untouched by conventional AC machine theories. Results of AC motor analysis obtained by the spiral vector method have led directly to new torque controls which give AC motors much superior performance to the usual DC control motors. With the rapid developments in inverter technology making the control of AC power easier the spiral vector theory provides the necessary theoretical foundation for the understanding and design of AC circuits and machines. The spiral vector theory provides superior computer simulations to AC circuits and machines, which are simple in structure and easy in use. The salient-pole AC generator is a good example for it.

This work gives a complete review of linear induction drives. Particular emphasis is given to their design, construction, and practical application. Both state-of-the-art computer aided design methods and practical estimation methods for main dimensions and performance calculations are presented so that engineers can both generate accurate designs and test their preliminary ideas. Other practical problems discussed include those relating to variable-speed linear drives, power conditioning, and control methods. Testing techniques are also outlined.This book is addressed to practical electrical engineers involved in the design and construction of linear induction drives. It will also be valuable to mechanical engineers, who use the drives in other machines (e.g. machine took industry) and to graduate level students of electrical machine engineering.

Great progress has been made in developing and using numerical methods for solving electromagnetic field problems at low frequency recently. Many of these problems refer to eddy currents which appear in various electromagnetic devices.Originally such problems were tackled by analytical solutions which are limited to simple geometries and linear materials. In practice though all electromagnetic devices have complex boundaries, include non-linear materials, and may be treated exclusively by numerical methods.This book gives systematically the matehmatical simulation of existing methods and discusses the siscretization of relevant equations. The methods described are: finite difference, finite sums, finite element, boundary element, and some variants. Physical connotations of methods and problems are also given.

In the last thirty years optimization theory has been extensively applied to the optimal design of mechanical structures and, in general, to the solution of inverse problems in structural mechanics. In electromagnetism, however, the impact of optimization methods is much more recent. The present book is the first one on the subject of inverse problems and optimal design in electricity and magnetism. Filling this gap in the literature was the primary goal of the authors. The secondary one was to provide a comprehensive reference book offering a broad view of the subject ranging from theory to computer implementations. Having this in mind, the authors tried to write a book which might serve as a textbook for graduate students in electrical engineering as well as a reference for applied mathematicians and researchers. Possible applications pertain to a great many different areas: electrical machines, high voltage engineering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrography, electron optics, plasma techniques, etc.

Stepping motors find applications wherever repeated stop-start or incremental controlled motions are encountered. Their basic design and construction makes them very suitable for digital (microprocessor) control. Consequently they are to be found in computer hardware (disk drives, printers, etc.), clocks, numerically controlled machine tools, and domestic appliances. The authors take a practical approach to the subject using many informative diagrams to explain the motor's working principles, construction details, electronic controls, applications, and methods of manufacture.

This is an excellent, practical guide for engineers to help them understand, design and evaluate the switched reluctance motor (SRM) and its control. The SRM is a relative newcomer to the family of electric motors and is unusual both for having salient teeth on rotor and stator and for its complete dependence on its power electronic controls.The SRM does not conform to the classical design techniques of the AC and DC electric motors and presents the design engineer with a machine that has no steady state, has extreme localized saturation, and requires an unfamiliar power-electronic converter to make it all work. The geometry is simple and the result is remarkably versatile. Yet the attainment of good designs and satisfactory performance is practically impossible by traditional desogn methods. This practical book for industrial designer and academic alike presents the first detailed account of the properties and capabilities of the switched reluctance motor.

Brushless permanent-magnet motors provide simple, low maintenance, easily controlled motive power. New magnetic materials and digital power control techniques continue to widen the scope of their applications. Increasing automation is increasing demand.This book, written by two world leading experts, combines practical and academic experience to produce the most comprehensive and useful design manual for brushless PM motors ever. It will serve the modern computer-based generation of motor engineers in much the same way as the Electro-Craft Handbook served the previous generation on d.c. motors. The book goes hand-in-hand with modern software-based techniques for design and analysis. It covers all the topics of interest to the motor design engineer, and the system engineer, including electrical and magnetic design, materials, control, and many other topics.

Reluctance synchronous machines (RSMs) and drives include a multitude of machine topologies in terms of rotor, stator windings, and stator current control. Line-start (constant speed) and inverter-fed (variable speed) applications are easily achieved in a power range from a few hundred watts to megawatts. RSMs offer strong competition to existing variable speed brushless drives for applications from computer peripherals through robotics to electric traction for rail transport. This book explores fully the possible topologies, their characteristics, and applications.

No standard work of reference, dealing with dc linear motor in all its aspects has ever been published. However, a considerable amount of literature in the form of published papers dealing with this subject, and also an amount of hitherto unpublished work, particularly of an industrial or applied nature, has been accumulated during the last 25 years. An attempt has been made to collate all this information and present it in a comprehensive and orderly manner in this unique volume.This book has been designed to be useful to two main categories of readers, namely, electrical and mechanical engineers in the user industries, and post-graduates and students embracing mechanical and electrical engineers.