Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposia and Colloquia – serie
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117 produkter
117 produkter
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IAU Symposium 269 celebrates the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's discovery of the Medicean Moons, Jupiter's four largest satellites, exploring the impact his findings have had on science and the humanities. Galileo's instrumental discovery and his belief that the planets and moons in our Solar System could be habitable worlds encouraged a deeper understanding of our place in the Universe. Today, ongoing space missions to Jupiter's moons, our own Moon, Mars, Saturn and Enceladus reveal our continued fascination with the possibilities of alien life, but this time with a focus on potential host sites for primitive life forms. These critical reviews examine our present knowledge of the Jupiter system and consider how future space missions and improvements in telescopes will bolster the contemporary vision of our Solar System, of the many known extrasolar planetary systems and of life forms beyond the Solar System.
The Astrophysics of Planetary Systems (IAU S276)
Formation, Structure, and Dynamical Evolution
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
863 kr
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This volume provides a detailed snapshot of the state-of-the-art of the field fifteen years after the first extrasolar planet discovery announcement. The major review articles and contributed papers allow for vibrant discussions and confrontations between theory and observations. Datasets of the highest quality, innovative numerical tools and increasingly sophisticated theoretical models show the impressive progress being made in our understanding of planet formation and evolution, heralding the era of 'comparative planetology' as a new, expanding interdisciplinary research field. IAU S276 also examines the strategic planning exercises of both the science community and space agencies and ongoing preparations and developments of future ground-based and space-borne observatories devoted to the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets. This stimulating volume constitutes an important reference for both young scientists and seasoned researchers, who will contribute to the frontier of research in the field during the next decade.
968 kr
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IAU Symposium 271 enhances our understanding of some of the important dynamical processes that are ubiquitous in many objects in the Universe, from stars like our Sun to galaxies. A wide range of temporal and spatial scales are generally present, so instabilities, highly nonlinear states and turbulence play a central role. Understanding the behaviour and evolution of such systems requires high-accuracy, multi-scale observations and thoughtful analysis of the data gathered, coupled with detailed theoretical study. High-performance numerical simulations have become an essential and revealing tool for assessing the often subtle highly nonlinear regime of such models. In IAU S271 world experts share their knowledge and perspectives on the latest advances in studying the common underlying processes from the field of nonlinear astrophysical dynamics. The symposium also celebrates the long and illustrious career of Professor Juri Toomre and his achievements in many realms of astrophysical dynamics.
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The importance of connecting astrophysical theory, observations, simulations and laboratory astrophysics is nowadays widely appreciated by the scientific community. IAU Symposium 274 discusses recent observational, theoretical and experimental efforts in understanding the basic plasma processes in the Universe at all scales, from the primordial plasmas of the early Universe to stellar and laboratory plasmas. Experts from different fields examine topics including: the origin and dynamics of magnetic fields in astrophysical systems (the dynamo problem); the origin of x-ray emitting coronas and the role of magnetic reconnection; the acceleration of charged particles; winds and jets from highly-evolved stars and supernova remnants; plasma radiation processes; turbulence of the magnetized plasma in astrophysical objects and in the ISM, IGM and the solar wind; quantum plasmas under extreme conditions in planetary interiors and in exotic stars; and many other key problems in modern plasma astrophysics.
Active OB Stars (IAU S272)
Structure, Evolution, Mass-Loss, and Critical Limits
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
968 kr
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IAU Symposium 272 presents an overview of the latest research into active OB stars. These massive, volatile objects serve as test beds for extreme conditions, and research into them has entered a new era with the advent of new space and round-based instrumentation. In this volume, renowned experts discuss the cutting-edge observations, state-of-the-art modeling and recently developed techniques such as asteroseismology, interferometry and spectropolarimetry that have improved our understanding of these extreme objects. Asteroseismology allows us to infer the internal structure of massive stars and their rotation; high-resolution spectropolarimetry provides clues about magnetic fields and the confinement of their circumstellar environments; and interferometry probes the shape of these environments and investigates differential rotation. Written for researchers and graduate students, this volume will appeal to all those interested in extreme physical processes as tools to study structure evolution and mass loss of active OB stars.
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Celebrating the centenary of George Ellery Hale's discovery of magnetic fields in sunspots, IAU Symposium 273 reviews the recent advances made in the fields of solar and stellar magnetism. Sunspots are responsible for the time-varying properties of the Sun, including the solar irradiance. Combined study of the spots on the Sun and on other stars provides a greater understanding of sunspot formation and behaviour on a long-term basis. On the other hand, stellar observations can be best understood by using detailed properties of the Sun as a reference point. This volume contains reviews and research articles from solar and stellar astronomers on the recent findings of solar and stellar magnetism using observational, theoretical and simulation studies of the Sun and the stars to approach the subject in a unified manner. Its findings are useful to advanced students and researchers in solar and stellar astronomy.
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Astronomy has made enormous progress over the past decades and engages public and media interest as never before. IAU Symposium 260, held at the start of the IAU-UNESCO International Year of Astronomy 2009, addresses questions relevant to the role of astronomy in the modern world and its links to culture and society. The current volume brings together a wide range of experts and practitioners to share plans and experiences and to discuss ways in which astronomy might contribute to education, development, culture and the arts. Topics covered include: the historical framework; the social impact of astronomy; astronomy, the media and society; astronomy and the arts; public understanding of astronomy; the activities of amateur astronomers; and astronomy in the information age. This book is of value to practising scientists with an interest in the wider cultural aspects of their research, scientific policy makers and the general public.
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IAU Symposium 263 provides a state-of-the-art review of icy bodies in the Solar System, a topic crucial to understanding processes involved in the Solar System's formation, the consequences for water on planets, and ultimately, the habitable zones around other stars. Ice-rich planetesimals which form beyond the snow line are discussed, using an interdisciplinary approach. The main topics covered include: accretion of icy grains in the protoplanetary disk, the long-period comet flux and the Oort cloud population, transfer mechanisms of bodies from their source regions to the Sun's neighborhood, the physics and dynamics of trans-Neptunian objects, transition objects (comets and asteroids), cryovolcanism and modeling the interiors of icy bodies, and a review of past, present and future space missions. This volume gives a broad overview of the importance of these bodies, from comets up to liquid water on terrestrial planets, and the formation of ices in the Solar System.
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The rapid advance of computer capabilities over the last two decades has opened up a new field of numerical simulations in which detailed physical models can be made to represent the most complex processes. IAU Symposium 270 reviews a wide range of topics relevant to computer modeling in the fields of interstellar gas dynamics, star formation and galactic dynamics. It includes numerical techniques for modeling physical processes such as self-gravitating, radiative magnetohydrodynamics, as well as novel hardware options for acceleration and a view into the future of computation. Observations of interstellar gas and star formation are also reviewed. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in the field of numerical astrophysics.
Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh General Assembly Rio de Janeiro 2009
Transactions of the International Astronomical Union XXVIIB
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
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These Transactions provide a record of the formal organisational and administrative proceedings of the IAU XXVII General Assembly which took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It includes the admission of new members, the Resolutions passed, an account of the regular Business Meetings of the Executive Committee, the Divisions, Commissions and Working Groups, and gives the detailed status of the Membership of the IAU. 2434 registered attendees from 76 nations enjoyed a rich scientific programme of 6 Symposia, 16 Joint Discussions, 10 Special Sessions, and 7 scientific sessions. During the programme over 700 papers were presented and more than 1500 posters displayed. The Proceedings of the Symposia are published in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposia Series, and those of the Invited Discourses, Joint Discussions and Special Sessions will feature in Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 15. Together with those 7 volumes, these Transactions cover the entire General Assembly.
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Over the last few decades, nuclear processes, radiation transfer, opacities and many other important physical processes have been incorporated in the modelling of stars. As knowledge of these processes has advanced, it has become clear that other associated physical processes are not well understood. This volume investigates these processes, focusing on convection, diffusion, rotation, and magnetic fields. It is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of stellar astrophysics, and graduate students.
1 053 kr
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The Sun and other stars eject large clouds of plasma and magnetic fields on a continual basis. They are accelerated to high speeds and then become capable of producing highly energetic charged particles and disrupting the magnetospheres of planets such as the Earth. This proceeding reflects recent attempts to understand these processes as well as how the magnetic evolution at the base of the corona can cause these events, and how stars are capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of mass ejections. With contributions by leading scientists, it is a valuable resource for professional astronomers and their graduate students.
1 495 kr
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Dwarf galaxies offer a valuable insight into the physical processes that govern galaxy formation and evolution at high redshift. These elusive stellar systems are helping astronomers to find answers to some of the most burning questions in extragalactic astronomy. Present-day dwarf galaxies, the easily studied survivors of the primordial galaxy population, are important targets for research in the quest to provide local benchmarks for cosmological studies, in particular theories of structure formation. The proceedings of IAUC198 offer an exciting multidisciplinary collection of research results. The interpretation of the faint blue galaxy excess; the mismatch of the observed dwarf galaxy numbers with popular cosmological model predictions; and the puzzling diversity of star-formation histories among Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxies, are amongst the topical questions covered. Dwarf galaxy specialists and cosmologists map out strategies and outline a framework for progress on important issues related to near-field cosmology with dwarf elliptical galaxies.
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This volume reviews recent research progress in the field of quasar absorption line systems, from both observational and theoretical perspectives. The seventy-eight papers cover topics ranging from the galaxy-absorber connection, Lyman-alpha systems, abundances and dust, and high redshift studies including re-ionisation, to models and numerical simulations concerning many of these aspects. The papers include detailed reviews by leading researchers in these fields as well as many new results reported here for the first time, and provide a valuable resource for graduate students and professional astronomers.
1 227 kr
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Planetary nebulae represent the brief transition between Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and White Dwarfs. As multi-wavelength laboratories they have played a key role in developing our understanding of atomic, molecular, dust and plasma processes in astrophysical environments. The means by which their wonderfully diverse morphologies are obtained is currently the subject of intense research, including hydrodynamical shaping mechanisms and the role of binarity, stellar magnetic fields and rotation. Their contribution to the chemical enrichment of galaxies is another very active research area, as is the ever growing use of their narrow high luminosity emission lines to probe the dynamics and mass distributions of galaxies and the intergalactic media of clusters of galaxies. IAU S234 summarises the current status of research on the properties and processes of planetary nebulae, as reported in reviews and papers by leading experts working in the field.
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Near Earth Objects (NEOs), asteroids and comets, are the closest neighbors of the Earth-Moon system. They allow research not yet possible on more distant bodies. The IAU Symposium 236 focused on the specific observation and modeling techniques for NEOs, including radar, exploration by spacecraft, measurement of non-gravitational perturbations; also on the next generation surveys expected to increase a hundred-fold the NEO discovery rate. With data from first generation NEO surveys, we now understand how they formed and evolve, dynamically and physically, opening a window on the universal astrophysical phenomenon of collision, leaving clear markings on the surfaces of planets, including the Earth. NEOs with orbits crossing that of the Earth are also a source of impact risks and potential NEO collisions with the Earth represent a long term threat. Mankind has to put in place a chain of mitigating actions; NEO astronomers have successfully put in place the first link.
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Until recently, black holes were often considered as exotic objects of dubious existence. In the last decade, observations have provided overwhelming evidence in favour of the presence of supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies, including the Milky Way; of stellar-mass black holes in binary stellar systems; and, possibly, of intermediate-mass black holes in ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies. Black holes are now widely accepted as real physical entities, playing an important role in modern astrophysics. IAU S238 brought together observers and theoreticians working in black hole astrophysics - from stellar-mass black holes to supermassive ones residing at the centre of galaxies - with the aim of highlighting and discussing similarities in the physics involved. Leading researchers review the subject and report on recent results on accretion discs, relativistic jets, spectroscopy in different spectral bands - from X-rays to radio - and other aspects of black hole astrophysics.
1 113 kr
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Stars form surrounded by a circumstellar disk which is thought to be the cradle of planets. IAU Symposium 243 highlights the latest developments in understanding the structure and evolution of the star-disk interaction region in young stars, a critical component of our knowledge of star and planetary system formation processes. Discussions review the physical processes thought to be at work at the star-disk interface, confront the predictions of the latest numerical and analytical magnetohydrodynamic models of star-disk-jet systems with observations, and explore the consequences of these processes for stellar angular momentum evolution and inner disk structure. The most recent observational results, computer simulations and theoretical developments in this active field of research are included to provide a unique vision into this central aspect of the star and planet formation problem.
1 227 kr
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The Proceedings of IAU S248 reflect the state-of-the-art in the field of astrometry, summarizing the scientific achievements at the tenth anniversary of the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogue release. It shows the latest achievements in ground-based astrometry and details the progress of second-generation astrometric satellites. Currently, the highest accuracies at a micro-arc-second level are reached by interferometric techniques, especially at radio wavelengths. Establishing and maintaining the celestial reference frame at this level, within a relativistic framework, has been identified as one of astrometry's main tasks. The era of large surveys and virtual observatories brings inevitable changes to the role of astrometry in astronomy. For instance, galactic structure and evolution can be fully understood only by combining astrometric and astrophysical parameters. Finally, due attention is given to astrometric education in astronomy curricula for the twenty-first century. These Proceedings convincingly demonstrate the ever growing role played by astrometry in understanding the Universe.
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This volume presents papers concerning astronomy education and research in developing countries presented at a special session at the IAU 26th General Assembly in Prague. It gives a picture of the present state of astronomy in five major developing regions of the world: Latin America, Africa, Central Asia, the Far East and Eastern Europe. The book covers education and research, and also public outreach. New astronomy projects in developing countries are described, and initiatives to promote astronomy and space science from the UN and organizations other than the IAU are also covered. It finishes with a discussion of the future role of virtual observatories in developing countries and the concept of a Third World Astronomy Institute. This volume will be useful resource and reference for astronomers interested in promoting and supporting astronomy and space science around the world.
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This volume presents the most complete and up-to-date accounts of our understanding of the Magellanic Clouds and the astrophysical processes within them. Observations of these nearby dwarf galaxies continue to advance, calibrate and challenge our knowledge of the cosmos. They are rich in gas, they have been actively forming stars throughout their history, and they display a wealth of dynamical features. Poor in metals, they serve as a stepping stone towards understanding the high-redshift Universe. In IAU Symposium 256, scientists from vastly different fields of research discuss galactic dynamics, the physics of the interstellar medium and star formation, and the fundamental properties and evolution of stars. New insight was gained by crossing the traditional boundaries of these fields, placing the findings in the context of the structure and evolution of this interacting pair of galaxies uniquely available to our ever more powerful telescopes and computational machinery.
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Estimating accurate stellar ages is one of the most difficult challenges in astrophysics. A star's age cannot be measured directly, and currently we only know the accurate age for one star: the Sun. Stellar ages lie at the heart of much of astrophysics. The accurate determination of timescales for physical processes in the stars allows us to compare the properties of stars at different stages in their lives. In IAU Symposium 258 astrophysicists from around the world discuss the current state of the problem of estimating ages of stars and stellar populations. They describe their efforts to better constrain the ages of individual stars and groups of stars through improved observations and physical models. IAU S258 highlights where the advances are being made and predicts what the near future offers.
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Today's astronomical observatories are generating more data than ever, from surveys to deep images. Machine learning methods can be a powerful tool to harness the full potential of these new observatories, as well as large archives that have accumulated. However, users should beware of common pitfalls, including bias in data sets and overfitting. IAU Symposium 368 addresses graduate students, teachers and professional astronomers who would like to leverage machine learning to unlock these huge volumes of data. Researchers pushing the frontiers of these methods share best practices in applied machine learning. While this volume is focused on astronomy applications, the methodological insights provided are relevant to all data-rich fields. Machine learning novices and expert users will find and benefit from these fresh new insights.
Honoring Charlotte Moore Sitterly (IAU S371)
Astronomical Spectroscopy in the 21st Century
Inbunden, Engelska, 2024
1 545 kr
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This symposium honors the contributions of Charlotte Moore Sitterly as a pioneer of spectroscopy, and astronomical spectroscopy in particular. The need for precise and accurate laboratory data in astrophysics has not diminished. Every time better spectrographs are built or new wavelength domains explored, we find critical information missing that is needed for analyses to derive abundances or to compare models of stars and planets to observations, in order to more fully understand the universe that we observe. IAU Symposium 371 encompassed nearly all the science themes that the IAU covers, from near to far in the universe, and at all wavelengths. But it concerned more than lab work in and of itself and brought together laboratory astrophysicists with the people who use that information, to learn about current advances and limitations, and future needs. A broad spectrum of the IAU's membership can benefit from these proceedings.
1 297 kr
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Winds form an integral part of astronomy - from regulating rotation of stars through enriching galaxies with fresh materials. Outflowing winds persist during the entire lives of stars and play a key role in shaping the exoplanet demographics we observe. In massive stars, their winds are a vital ingredient of their evolution, from the main sequence to the pre-supernova stage, determining black hole masses as measured from gravitational waves. In the case of low-mass stars, their winds dictate rotational evolution, which affect angular momentum distribution within the stellar interior and thus the generation of magnetic fields. In the case of planets, winds take the form of atmospheric escape, which can strongly affect their atmospheric evolution. IAU Symposium 370 brings together researchers on winds of exoplanets and stars, including the solar wind, to share insights into the physics and modelling tools used by these different communities.
1 587 kr
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Multi-messenger science has a long history in solar astronomy, as direct measures of "in-situ" particles emanating from the Sun, like the solar wind, have long been used alongside remote observations to shape our understanding of the heliosphere. Still, the recent advent of several major observational facilities, such as Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and the Inouye Solar Telescope, among many others, is now heralding an exciting new era of scientific opportunities within multi-messenger solar physics. This volume collects the proceedings of IAU Symposium 372 held during the XXXIst IAU General Assembly in Busan, Republic of Korea. Its main goal is to highlight how these facilities can address many of the pressing questions facing contemporary solar physics, with a special emphasis on their coordinated operation and the resulting synergies. Graduate students and researchers in solar physics will benefit from the many new results presented within.
1 297 kr
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Star formation is relevant to nearly every area of astrophysics, from planetary science to galaxy evolution, yet the physical processes that determine the rates of star formation and its spatial and temporal distribution are still poorly understood. IAU Symposium 373 focuses on the impact that resolved studies of galaxies, both observational and theoretical, are having on the understanding of star formation on all scales. It highlights the latest advances in understanding star formation in its galactic context and how it drives galaxy evolution. A key advance has been the ability to spatially resolve the sub-kiloparsec scales on which star formation relations are established, bridging the gap between resolved studies in the local neighborhood and large-scale galaxy surveys. Alongside this, a new generation of cosmological simulations have helped to interpret these new data, providing new techniques for confronting them with observations. This volume shares these developments, for graduate students and researchers.
1 587 kr
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Blazars, the most extreme active galactic nuclei with powerful relativistic jets extending out to kiloparsecs from their central engine, are among the most intriguing and consistently bright objects in the observable Universe. Understanding how they form and shine has been a cumbersome endeavor since their discovery in the 1960s, with several fundamental questions remaining open to this day. The 2020s mark the beginning of a new era of large-scale surveys, multimessenger astrophysics, high-energy polarization, and extreme angular resolution, setting the ideal stage to study astrophysical jets. IAU Symposium 375 was the first IAU symposium to take place in Nepal. It brought together experts from all aspects of the blazar community to facilitate the building of new collaborative efforts to take advantage of the wealth of incoming data that will help provide answers to long-standing questions. It also supported local efforts to promote astrophysics and astrophysical research in Nepal.
At the Cross-Roads of Astrophysics and Cosmology (IAU S376)
Period-Luminosity Relations in the 2020s
Inbunden, Engelska, 2024
1 587 kr
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The period-luminosity relation (PLR) is an important relationship between the fundamental physical properties of many types of variable stars. Most recognisable is the PLR of Cepheids, which allows classical Cepheids to be used as primary distance indicators, establishing the traditional cosmic distance scale. Well-defined relationships also exist between the periods and luminosities of many other types of pulsating stars. IAU Symposium 376 discusses recent observational and theoretical results achieved by the continued, detailed scrutiny of the PLR, including its shape, calibration and dependence on stellar parameters and chemical abundances. Intrinsic PLR widths may offer unique insights into the physical processes shaping these relations and the underlying physical properties of the stars contributing to these relationships. This topic is timely, given the wealth of data recently obtained using state-of-the-art ground- and space-based facilities, high-impact Gaia data releases and the initial operations of the James Webb Space Telescope.
1 297 kr
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The end of humanity has been a topic of great concern across ages and civilizations. Over the last several decades, studies have allowed us to better understand the most likely threats to life on Earth, both in the past and the future. IAU Symposium 374 covers potential hazards caused by astronomical phenomena. These proceedings present a comparative analysis of these possible astronomical catastrophes that could lead to a new extinction. Throughout the volume, the authors analyse different aspects of the main risk identified: the impact of near-Earth asteroids and the meteor phenomena. The discovery, monitoring and dynamical evolution of near-Earth asteroids are discussed. This symposium represents one of the first attempts to address the transdisciplinary topic of life-threatening hazards originating from beyond our planet, including current and future mitigation strategies.