River Publishers Series in Communications – serie

In recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance analysis and evaluation of modulation schemes to be used in wireless and optical networks, towards the development of the next and future generations of mobile cellular communication systems. Modulation Theory is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Modulation Theory or Communication Systems, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the communications area. The modulation aspects presented in the book use modern concepts of stochastic processes, such as autocorrelation and power spectrum density, which are novel for undergraduate texts or professional books, and provides a general approach for the theory, with real life results, applied to professional design. This text is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses, and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with the a modern exposition of the modulation theory. The book covers signal representations for most known waveforms, Fourier analysis, and presents an introduction to Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals. It introduces the concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes, including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, power spectral and cross-spectral densities, for random signals, and their applications to the analysis of linear systems. This chapter also includes the response of specific non-linear systems, such as power amplifiers. The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem.

This book focuses on the issue of optimizing radio resource allocation (RRA) and user admission control (AC) for multiple multicasting sessions on a single high altitude platform (HAP) with multiple antennas on-board. HAPs are quasi-stationary aerial platforms that carry a wireless communications payload to provide wireless communications and broadband services. They are meant to be located in the stratosphere layer of the atmosphere at altitudes in the range 17-22 km and have the ability to fly on demand to temporarily or permanently serve regions with unavailable telecommunications infrastructure. An important requirement that the book focusses on is the development of an efficient and effective method for resource allocation and user admissions for HAPs, especially when it comes to multicasting. Power, frequency, space (antennas selection) and time (scheduling) are the resources considered in the problem over an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) HAP system.Due to the strong dependence of the total number of users that could join different multicast groups, on the possible ways we may allocate resources to these groups, it is of significant importance to consider a joint user to session assignments and RRA across the groups. From the service provider's point of view, it would be in its best interest to be able to admit as many higher priority users as possible, while satisfying their quality of service requirements. High priority users could be users subscribed in and paying higher for a service plan that gives them preference of admittance to receive more multicast transmissions, compared to those paying for a lower service plan. Also, the user who tries to join multiple multicast groups (i.e. receive more than one multicast transmission), would have preferences for which one he would favor to receive if resources are not enough to satisfy the QoS requirements.Technical topics discussed in the book include: - Overview on High Altitude Platforms, their different types and the recent works in this area- Radio Resource Allocation and User Admission Control in HAPs - Multicasting in a Single HAP System: System Model and Mathematical Formulation - Optimization schemes that are designed to enhance the performance of a branch and bound technique by taking into account special mathematical structure in the problem formulation

Precise and accurate localization is one of the fundamental scientific and engineering technologies needed for the applications enabling the emergence of the Smart World and the Internet of Things (IoT). Popularity of localization technology began when the GPS became open for commercial applications in early 1990’s. Since most commercial localization applications are for indoors and GPS does not work indoors, the discovery of opportunistic indoor geolocation technologies began in mid-1990’s. Because of complexity and diversity of science and technology involved in indoor Geolocation, this area has emerged as its own discipline over the past two decades.At the time of this writing, received signal strength (RSS) based Wi-Fi localization is dominating the commercial market complementing cell tower localization and GPS technologies using the time of arrival (TOA) technology. Wi-Fi localization technology takes advantage of the random deployment of Wi-Fi devices worldwide to support indoor and urban area localization for hundreds of thousands of applications on smart devices. Public safety and military applications demand more precise localization for first responders and military applications deploy specialized infrastructure for more precise indoor geolocation. To enhance the performance both industries are examining hybrid localization techniques. Hybrid algorithms use a variety of sensors to measure the speed and direction of movement and integrate them with the absolute radio frequency localization. Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary book that presents the fundamentals of opportunistic localization and navigation science and technology used in different platforms such as: smart devices, unmanned ground and flying vehicles, and existing cars operating as a part of intelligent transportation systems. Material presented in the book are beneficial for the Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics Engineering, Biomedical Engineering or other disciplines who are interested in integration of navigation into their multi-disciplinary projects. The book provides examples with supporting MATLAB codes and hands-on projects throughout to improve the ability of the readers to understand and implement variety of algorithms. It can be used for both academic education, as a textbook with problem sets and projects, and the industrial training, as a practical reference book for professionals involved in design and performance evaluation. The author of this book has pioneering research experience and industrial exposure in design and performance evaluation of indoor geolocation based on empirical measurement and modeling of the behavior of the radio propagation in indoor areas and inside the human body. The presentation of the material is based on examples of research and development that his students have performed in his laboratory, his teaching experiences as a professor, and his experiences as a technical consultant to successful startup companies.

The book addresses the current demand for a scientific approach to advanced wireless technology and its future developments, including the current move from 4G to 5G wireless systems (2020), and the future to 6G wireless systems (2030). It gives a clear and in-depth presentation of both antennas and the adaptive signal processing that makes antennas powerful, maneuverable, and necessary for advanced wireless technology. Moving towards the increasing demand for a scientific approach to smart antennas, the book presents electromagnetic signal processing techniques to both control the antenna beam and to track the moving station, which is required for effective, fast, dynamic beamforming. In addition to presenting new, memory efficient and fast algorithms for smart antennas, another helpful feature of the book is the inclusion of complete listings of MATLABTM codes for powerful techniques such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) beamforming, Analytical Phase Shift technique and the traditional Least Mean Square method, The student, researcher or engineer may readily use these codes to gain confidence in understanding, as well as to develop and deploy powerful, new smart antenna techniques. The first part of the book presents a comprehensive description and analysis of basic antenna theory, starting from short dipole antennas to array antennas. This section also includes important concepts related to antenna parameters, electromagnetic wave propagation, the Friis equation, the radar equation and wave reflection and transmission through media. The second part of the book focuses on smart antennas, commencing from a look at traditional approach to beam forming before getting into the details of smart antennas. Complete derivation and description of the techniques for electromagnetic field signal processing techniques for adaptive beam forming are presented. Many new and research ideas are included in this section. A novel method for fast, low memory and accurate, maneuverable single beam generation is presented, as well as other methods for beamforming with fewer elements with a simple method for tracking the mobile antenna and station. In this section, for completeness, the use of antenna signal processing for synthetic aperture techniques for imaging are also presented, specifically the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Imaging technique. Some computer codes are given for the student and researcher to get started with new areas to explore.The third part of the book presents technological aspects of advanced wireless technology, including Artificial Intelligence driven steerable single beams, the 5G wireless system and the various devices needed to construct the system. While the books’ main emphasis is theoretical understanding and design with the basic tools needed to develop powerful computer code for the smart antennas, it also provides the algorithms or codes in a number of important cases to show how the smart antenna computer codes may be developed using electromagnetic signal processing. Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven beam forming is presented using computationally fast and low-memory demanding technique for AI beam forming is presented with the different excitation functions available. The final chapter outlines certain techniques to develop smart antenna algorithms and computer codes for beginners, researchers, and engineers, and furthermore, to implement a part of what was learnt, including AI techniques.

Wireless communications and sensing systems are nowadays ubiquitous; cell phones and automotive radars typifying two of the most familiar examples. This book introduces the field by addressing its fundamental principles, proceeding from its very beginnings, up to today's emerging technologies related to the fifth-generation wireless systems (5G), Multi-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) connectivity, and Aerospace/Electronic Warfare Radar. The tone is tutorial. Problems are included at the end of each chapter to facilitate the understanding and assimilation of the material to electrical engineering undergraduate/graduate students and beginning and non-specialist professionals. Free temporary access to Keysight's SystemVue system simulation is provided to further enhance reader learning through hands-on tutorial exercises. Chapter 1 introduces wireless communications and sensing and in particular how curiosity-driven scientific research led to the foundation of the field. Chapter 2 presents a brief introduction to the building blocks that make up wireless systems. Chapter 3 focuses on developing an understanding of the performance parameters that characterize a wireless system. Chapter 4 deals with circuit topologies for modulation and detection. In chapter 5 we cover the fundamental transmitter and receiver systems architectures that enable the transmission of information at precise frequencies and their reception from among a rather large multitude of other signals present in space. Chapter 6 introduces 5G, its motivation, and its development and adoption challenges for providing unprecedented levels of highest speed wireless connectivity.Chapter 7 takes on the topic of MIMO, its justification and its various architectures. Chapter 8 addresses the topic of aerospace/electronic warfare radar and finally Chapter 9 presents three Tutorials utilizing the SystemVue simulation tool.

Over the last few decades wireless communications, especially Mobile Communication Technology, has evolved by leaps and bounds. The mobile communication industry has named the different major changes as generations namely 1G, 2G,..5G. We are presently looking at deployment of 5G technologies. The work for 6G has already started. This book is focused on the waveform design of 6G. It presents a discourse on a potential waveform for 6G namely Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation. OTFS has a distinct feature when compared to earlier generation waveforms such that information bearing signal is placed in the delay Doppler domain as opposed to the usual placement of such signals in the time-frequency domain. This unique feature of OTFS enables it to overcome several disadvantages of a very popular and highly successful waveform namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OTFS is known to be more resilient to frequency offset and Doppler which is one of the key drawbacks of OFDM. With this feature, OTFS, can support higher mobility as well as higher frequency bands of operation which is also one of the key requirements of the next generation wireless communication technologies. The implementation complexity of OTFS remains comparable to that of OFDM. It is found that OTFS provides significant SNR advantage, higher resilience, lower PAPR, lower out of band signal leakage and higher multi-user spectral efficiency than that of OFDM. This book addresses •Fundamental signal model of OTFS. •Receiver design for OTFS•Channel estimation in OTFS•Multiple Access through non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA-OTFS) The contents of the books are primarily outcome of the research work done at the G. S. Sanyal School of Telecommunications, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India. Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation : A waveform for 6G is ideal for personnel the wireless communication industry as well as academic staff and master/research students in electrical engineering with a specialization in wireless communications.

Principles of Communications provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of communications. Basic mathematical background for system and signals, analog communication systems and modern digital communication systems are systematically introduced. Principles of Communications theory is been explained in an easy-to-understand way. Advanced topics in modern digital communications, especially related to wireless communications, have been conceptually explained, including forward error correcting codes, fading channels, OFDM, and CDMA. This book serves as the basis of communication system design, and as a way to quickly understand the principles of communication systems for those who do not major in communications. Its readership includes undergraduate and graduate level students in the field of Communications and research engineers at Communications companies.Contents• Preface,• History and Milestones of Communication Technology• Filtering of Random Processes and Signals• Analog Communications• Pulse Modulations and Digital Coding• Optimal Receiver of Digital Communication Systems• Passband Digital Transmission• Error Correcting Codes• Communications over Wireless in Fading Channels• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing• Spread Spectrum Communications and Code Division Multiple Access• References; Index

An overwhelming development has taken place in voice and data communication over the las twenty years as the industry evolved from fixed to mobile and wireless communication. This development is supported with new technologies and evolving networks from the first generation(1G), 2G, 3G and the fourth generation (4G) mobile wireless communications. During this evolution and revolution in telecommunications, the industry also changed from circuit switched networks to packet switched networks in 3G and 3G. Hence the planning of telecommunication networks has equally changed significantly. By providing the necessary background and technical content to understand stay abreast of how to plan the new network types, Planning and Optimisation of 3G and 4G Wireless Networks explores the idiosyncrasies of how to plan the various types of wireless networks.Packed with details of the technologies that support each network type, this cutting-edge reference leads the reader step by step on how to plan and optimize various types of wireless networks. It examines current and emerging network planning and enhancement techniques through examples in HSPA, B3G, WiMAX, mesh networks, personal area networks and wireless sensor networks. It clearly provides the different architectures of these networks along with their support design methods. It includes coverage of the latest wireless network types, planning and optimization methods in the form of:-3GHSPA and Beyond 3GWiMAX (fixed and mobile) and LTEOFDMWireless mesh networksPersonal area networksPropagation models and link budgetsCognitive radio and spectrum sensingPlanning of wireless sensor networksSynchronisation of CDMA systemsInterference suppressionCross-layer optimisationTopology controlResource managementThe illustrative planning and optimization methods provide the reader with a clear foot path into future networks. This book provides educators, industry practitioners, regulators, researchers and subscribers with the ideal foundation for developing the understanding required to design, deploy, train, and use wireless networks of various types.

Relay systems have become a subject of intensive research interest over the recent years, as it is recognized that they can improve performances and extend the coverage area of wireless communication systems. Special attention has been dedicated to them since the proposal appeared for their implementation in mobile cellular systems. Numerous researches conducted after that proposal have enabled incorporation of OFDM based relay systems in both accepted standards for IMT-Advanced systems. Nowadays, researches are ongoing with the aim to define new solutions for performance improvement of the standardized OFDM relay systems for cellular networks and one of the interesting solutions is implementation of subcarrier permutation (SCP) at the relay (R) station.The book "OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications" presents a comprehensive research results in analyzing behavior and performance of the OFDM based relay systems with SCP. Dual-hop relay scenario with three communication terminals, and no direct link between the source (S) and the destination (D) has been analyzed, as it is compliant with the accepted solutions for IMT-Advanced systems. The book includes performance analysis and performance comparison of OFDM based:• amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with fixed gain (FG),• amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with variable gain (VG),• decode-and-forward (DF) relay systems,each including two SCP schemes, known to maximize the system capacity and/or improve the bit error rate (BER) performances. Performance comparisons have enabled definition of optimal solutions for the future wireless communication systems in a given conditions, and for the given optimality criteria. OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications contains recent research results in this area and is ideal for the academic staff and master/research students in area of mobile communication systems, as well as for the personnel in communication industry.

Multihop Cellular Networks, Multihop Sensor Networks and Multihop Cellular Sensor Networks are fast-emerging, utilitarian multihop mobile networking paradigms that promise increased transmission rates and network capacity. Multihop Mobile Wireless Networks discusses issues pertaining to each of these networks and proposes novel and innovative algorithms on Scheduling, Routing and Data aggregation that are viable solutions for multihop mobile networks. Moreover, the book provides the preliminaries and an excellent review on existing approaches in wireless communications. Multihop Mobile Wireless Networks is suitable for academic and industrial research, and can be used for advanced courses in Senior Undergraduate and Graduate programs.The key findings of the book are:-• Multihop Cellular Networks (MCN): These networks, as compared to the existing single-hop cellular networks, provide higher throughput and capacity at lower transmission power requirements by effective spectral re-use. A novel route discovery and resilience protocol, as well as a probability of error based link Scheduling algorithm have been proposed in this book.• Multihop Sensor Networks (MSN): Wireless Sensor Networks are inherently multihop in nature, due to the limited transmission range of resource-constrained sensor nodes. This book presents a novel multibit distributed data aggregation scheme, which minimizes in-network communication, for an event detection application.• Multihop Cellular Sensor Networks (MCSN): Cell phones empowered with sensing capabilities have resulted in the emergence of Cellular Sensor Networks which can impact urban sensing applications in a profound sense. This book advocatesmultihopping in Cellular Sensor Networks and demonstrates its utility in a moving event localization application. Novel data aggregation and routing protocols which take into consideration the underlying mobility model and time-varying connectivity in MCSN have been proposed.

Emerging technologies have been successfully employed within different disciplines improving the quality of life globally in India these have been employed to address the multifarious issues in a limited manner to improve the way of life for individuals with different disabilities. Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, therefore, organized International and National Seminars since 2008 to deliberate on the application of information communication technologies [ICT] in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities .Domain experts have recognized that management of differently abled individuals requires participation of multidisciplinary experts. We also require an enormous bank of skilled, qualified trained manpower with support to keep themselves in tune with latest technology and developments. We also face the problems of having to deal with individuals located countrywide; inadequate ICT-based infrastructure to assist with accessing services of experts that are based in urban areas. This is one of the major constraints for a sustained and effective therapeutic program. This is the fifth publication under the IIIT-A Series on e-Governance. It is a collection of 20 articles based on the presentations made in the Seminars. This book will of interest to all stakeholders in the disability rehabilitation management as the population of people with disabilities in growing.

Near field communication devices and the emerging field of Internet of things require efficient short range communication techniques. Classical telecommunication theory however has so far focused on radiating electromagnetic signals which is more suited to terrestrial communication systems. Over the last decade however considerable research and applications of inductive methods have emerged as innovative approaches for secure short range communications by changing the paradigm of an established model of electromagnetic communications. We have witnessed the emergence of embedded inductive medical devices, magneto-inductive waveguides, inductive pots and cooking devices, magneto-inductive sensors, wireless power transfer, inductive hearing aids and the emerging inductive point-to-point communication specifically termed near-field communication (NFC) as used in mobile phones and payment cards to name a few. While there exist a large set of distributed methods and algorithms detailing the design and performances of such applications, a significant gap is observed as a lack of detailed collection of the methods in one place which could be easily understood and used quickly by someone seeking to apply the methods.In this book this missing gap is filled with the required details and the theory of near field communication systems including both the radiating and reactive (energy coupling) near-field systems in addition to the well known far field radiation techniques. The book details the fundamental expressions and design methods which facilitate the creation of near field devices and equipment including embedded biomedical implants. The book contains recent advances in inductive communications, performance, limitations and a collection of applications. It also lays a strong foundation for the application of inductive methods for creating Internet of Things systems.• The topics discussed in the book in great details include:• Near field and far field methods• Circuit models of inductive antennas;• Inductive methods in embedded medical devices• Range and capacity extension methods including multiple-input and multiple-output inductive systems;• Coding and modulation techniques;• Narrowband and broadband methods;• Magnetic link budgets;• Crosstalk• Magnetic induction waveguide devices and a Near field Simulator in MatlabThe book is a compendium and design methods for inductive near field technologies and is ideal for design personnel in the wireless communication industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in computer science, wireless sensors, telecommunications systems research, electrical engineering and Internet of things. It is a useful guide for undergraduate student to appreciate the role of inductive circuits and magnetism in telecommunications and electronic devices in general.

The book aim is to define the Internet of Things (IoT) in a global view, present the research agenda for Internet of Things technologies by addressing the new technological developments and providing a global balanced coverage of the challenges and the technical and industrial trends.Energy consumption by the data, communication and networking devices and global CO2 emission is increasing exponentially. ICT has a dual role in this process: it accounts for about two percent of global CO2 emissions and at the same the ICT including IoT technologies and applications have a direct effect on lowering CO2 emissions, increasing energy efficiency, reducing power consumption, and achieving efficient waste recycling.The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, development and deployment of IoT at the global level.IoT together with the other emerging Internet developments such as Internet of Energy, Media, People, Services, Business/Enterprises are the backbone of the digital economy, the digital society and the foundation for the future knowledge based economy and innovation society. IoT developments show that we will have 16 billion connected devices by the year 2020 , which will average out to six devices per person on earth and to many more per person in digital societies.Devices like smart phones and machine to machine or thing to thing communication will be the main drivers for further IoT development. The first direct consequence of the IoT is the generation of huge quantities of data, where every physical or virtual object may have a digital twin in the cloud, which could be generating regular updates. The IoT contribution is in the increased value of information created by the number of interconnections among things and the transformation of the processed information into knowledge for the benefit of mankind and society. The Internet of Things market is connected to industrial machine to machine (M2M) systems, smart meters and enabling technologies such as nanoelectronics, communications, sensors, smart phones, embedded systems, cloud computing and software technologies that will create new products, new services, new interfaces by creating smart environments and smart spaces with applications ranging from smart transport, cities, buildings, energy, grid, to smart health and life.Technical topics discussed in the book include:• The Internet of Things: The Way Ahead• Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda• Challenges of a Sustainable Roadmap for the Internet of Things• Technologies behind Internet of Things: From Nanoelectronics and Embedded Systems to Cloud Computing and Cognitive Systems• Machine to machine (M2M) communication and the emerging Internet of Things applications• The "Internet of Things" based on IPv6. Paving the way to Smart IPv6 Buildings• "Internet of Things - from Ubiquitous Computing to Ubiquitous Intelligence Applications"• Virtualization of network resources and Physical devices in Internet of Things applications• Validation and Interoperability challenges for IoT• Mobile devices enable IoT evolution from industrial applications to mass consumer applications• Interoperability, Standardisation and Governance in the era of Internet of Things (IoT)• Technologies, Applications, and Governance in the Internet of Things• Opportunities, Challenges for Internet of Things Technologies

The modern society is rapidly becoming a fully digital society. This has many benefits, but unfortunately it also means that personal privacy is threatened. The threat does not so much come from a 1984 style Big Brother, but rather from a set of smaller big brothers. The small big brothers are companies that we interact with; they are public services and institutions. Many of these little big brothers are indeed also being invited to our private data by ourselves. Privacy as a subject can be problematic. At the extreme it is personal freedom against safety and security. We shall not take a political stand on personal privacy and what level of personal freedom and privacy is the correct one.Aspects of Personal Privacy in Communications is mostly about understanding what privacy is and some of the technologies may help us to regain a bit of privacy. We discuss what privacy is about, what the different aspects of privacy may be and why privacy needs to be there by default.There are boundaries between personal privacy and societal requirements, and inevitably society will set limits to our privacy (Lawful Interception, etc.).There are technologies that are specifically designed to help us regain some digital privacy. These are commonly known as Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs). We investigate some these PETs including MIX networks, Onion Routing and various privacy-preserving methods. Other aspects include identity and location privacy in cellular systems, privacy in RFID, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and sensor networks amongst others. Some aspects of cloud systems are also covered.

A Practical Approach to Corporate Networks Engineering is dedicated to corporate network design and engineering, covering the different levels of network design and deployment. The main theoretical concepts are explained and the different functioning mechanisms are illustrated with practical experiments. Using an open source network simulator that is able to emulate real network equipment and run concrete network scenarios (Graphical Network Simulator), the authors present several realistic network scenarios that illustrate the different network protocols and mechanisms and can be easily replicated by readers at home. Readers will be able to configure the different network equipments, run the scenarios and capture traffic at the different network links on their own, ordinary PC, acquiring a deep knowledge of the underlying network protocols and mechanisms.This interactive and practical teaching approach is very motivating and effective, since students can easily follow the explanations that are given throughout the book, making this work a valuable addition to the existing literature.

During the last decade there was a shift from wireless and mobile communications technology, networks and applications towards integration of radio with other disciplines. Integration of navigation, sensing and services allow for entering new areas in which many requirements from individuals and organizations are satisfied.Potential applications are manifold. Developments for realizing these new application areas will cause a boost on new systems demonstrating the potentials of this integration approach.In this first book the fundamentals of this new approach on integrated communication, navigation, sensing and services (Conasense) will be elucidated. Furthermore, several applications illustrate some of the aims of Conasense. Two major areas have been selected1. Quality of life2. Intelligent Conasense architecturesTopics in the book on 'quality of life' include:• Visionary plans on health, security, neurophysics, indoor and outdoor safeguarding: in all these areas new Conasense technology and systems are essential.Topics in the book on intelligent Conasense architectures concern:• a framework describing novelties in Conasense technology needed to realize the aimed improve in 'quality of life'.• Breakthroughs on full integration of space-based and terrestrial communication and navigation systems with advanced high resolution sensing of the local environment supplemented with geographical information at regionals, national and international scales.

In recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the efficient utilization of the available spectrum under the various propagation models which lead towards the design and dimensioning of the future network Internet of Things (IoT).This book focuses on Television White Space (TVWS) opportunities and regulatory aspects for cognitive radio applications, and includes case studies for the exploitation of TVWS depending on user's mobility, and the geo-location between user and the Base Station. The book presents recent advances in spectrum sensing, reflecting state of the art technology and research achievements in this area as well as a new insights in spectrum sensing of performance modeling, analysis and worldwide applications. Technical topics discussed include: • Novel Application of TV White Space• Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio• Cooperative Spectrum Sensing• DoA Estimation Algorithms

The combination of bio-telemetry, sensor networks, communication networks and computing has opened up new areas in the medical field and provided the means for improved health care delivery. Over the past decade therefore reliance on information technology has become very prominent as doing so makes it a lot easier for health practitioners to offer much more efficient health services. This book is a compendium of emerging smart techniques using artificial intelligence for diagnosis, bio-informatics data analysis and biomedical systems. It details innovative applications of neural networks, computer vision, panoramic image processing, electroencephalography, electromyography and specialized information delivery based on smart sensors and communication to support the deaf, control of prosthetic limb, fall detection, cancer detection and fatigue detection. These tools and methods are presented for application in secure transportation, home-based health care and in medical establishments. The state-of-the art coverage provide also practical foundations for further research in biomedical informatics and engineering.Technical topics discussed in the book include:• Active detection of driver drowsiness;• Myoelectric Control of Limb Prostheses;• Electromyography;• Electroencephalography;• Bio-Signal Telemetry Sensor Networks;• Computer Vision in health care delivery;• Applications of wireless communication devices in health care deliveryContents: Preface; 1. Neural Networks Based System for Cancer Diagnosis Support; 2. Myoelectric Control of Upper-Limb Prostheses and the Effects of Fatigue; 3. Using Game Consoles for Human Medical Data Collection: in-field applications; 4. An Approach to Fall Detection using Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge; 5. ZigBee Sensor Network Propagation Analysis for Health-care Application; 6. Dimensionality Reduction in Surface Electromyographic Signals for Pattern Recognition; 7. Assessing a potential electroencephalography based algorithm during a monotonous train driving task in train drivers; 8. Detecting Driver Drowsiness with Examples using EEG and Body Movement; 9. Cortical Width Measurement Based On Panoramic Radiographs Using Computer-Aided System; 10. Development of a Computer Vision Application for Surgical Skill Training and Assessment; 11. Information Delivery System for Deaf People at a Larger Disaster; Author Index; Keyword

Future Internet and Internet of Things set out a new vision for connectivity, real-time applications and services. Data procured from the use of a large number of heterogeneous physical and virtual devices must be real-time processed and analyzed for the goal of effective resource management and control while maintaining the required performance and quality of service. In addition, the development of the communication networks towards heterogeneous and new generation broadband connectivity brings up new requirements towards the way of managing and controlling of the available resources. Thus for the effective resource management in future internet novel approaches must be proposed and developed. It could be seen that recently a considerable amount of effort has been devoted on behalf of industry and academia, towards the research and design of methods for effective management of resources in internet and multimedia communications. The book reviews some specific topics in the field of future internet and internet technologies that are closely related to the issue of finding effective solutions for the management of resources and performance. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Future Internet Technologies;• Internet of things;• Multimedia Networks;• Wireless Access Networks;• Software Communications;• Positioning and Localization in Communications;• Resource Management.Resource Management in future Internet is recommended for specialists working in the field of information and communication industries as well as academic staff and researchers working in the field of multimedia communications and telecommunication networks.

Activities on integrated communications, navigation, sensing and services are urgently needed in a wide range of human-centered and/or device-centered system applications. They require a multi-disciplinary approach. It is foreseen that the economic scale of these activities are comparable with the present scale of wireless communications. The area in which systems operate can vary from personal area network to global network.This book covers the following topics;• CONASENSE Architecture• Performance Analyses of Integrated Communication Systems• Cognitive Radio Networks• Brain Computer Interfacing• Quality Improvement of Generic Services• Machine to Machine communications• Chip to Chip CommunicationsThus, the multi-disciplinary approach get attention in the book.

This book aims to provide a broad overview of various topics of Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies, nanoelectronics, cyber-physical systems, architecture, interoperability and industrial applications. All this is happening in a global context, building towards intelligent, interconnected decision making as an essential driver for new growth and co-competition across a wider set of markets. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC – Internet of Things European Research Cluster from research to technological innovation, validation and deployment.The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda, and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, innovation, development and deployment of IoT in future years. The concept of IoT could disrupt consumer and industrial product markets generating new revenues and serving as a growth driver for semiconductor, networking equipment, and service provider end-markets globally. This will create new application and product end-markets, change the value chain of companies that creates the IoT technology and deploy it in various end sectors, while impacting the business models of semiconductor, software, device, communication and service provider stakeholders. The proliferation of intelligent devices at the edge of the network with the introduction of embedded software and app-driven hardware into manufactured devices, and the ability, through embedded software/hardware developments, to monetize those device functions and features by offering novel solutions, could generate completely new types of revenue streams. Intelligent and IoT devices leverage software, software licensing, entitlement management, and Internet connectivity in ways that address many of the societal challenges that we will face in the next decade.

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testing

The theme of this book is “Role of ICT for multi-disciplinary applications in 2030”, which is absolutely appropriate to explore with regard to the CONASENSE vision of looking at services utilizing the Communications, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) paradigm in a period of 20-50 years from now. The vision of CONASENSE society is to bring about active integration of the three worlds of communications, navigation and local/remote sensing – that have been apart for years require a multidisciplinary approach. This 4th Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) book brings together in contributions from another society, namely, Global ICT Standardization Forum for India (GISFI).Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Wireless Sensor Networks• Advanced IoT and M2M• Future Space Communications Infrastructure• ICT Networks for CONASENSE in 2030• International ICT Research• Secure Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks• Heterodox Networks• CONASENSE Innovation Era• CONASENSE at NanoscaleThus the book provides a rich and interesting coverage of diverse aspects concerning multi-disciplinary applications.

This book provides an overview of the current Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, ranging from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies in a global context. A successful deployment of IoT technologies requires integration on all layers, be it cognitive and semantic aspects, middleware components, services, edge devices/machines and infrastructures. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC - Internet of Things European Research Cluster from research to technological innovation, validation and deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster and the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT-EPI) and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, innovation, development and deployment of IoT in the next years. The IoT is bridging the physical world with virtual world and requires sound information processing capabilities for the "digital shadows" of these real things. The research and innovation in nanoelectronics, semiconductor, sensors/actuators, communication, analytics technologies, cyber-physical systems, software, swarm intelligent and deep learning systems are essential for the successful deployment of IoT applications. The emergence of IoT platforms with multiple functionalities enables rapid development and lower costs by offering standardised components that can be shared across multiple solutions in many industry verticals. The IoT applications will gradually move from vertical, single purpose solutions to multi-purpose and collaborative applications interacting across industry verticals, organisations and people, being one of the essential paradigms of the digital economy. Many of those applications still have to be identified and involvement of end-users including the creative sector in this innovation is crucial. The IoT applications and deployments as integrated building blocks of the new digital economy are part of the accompanying IoT policy framework to address issues of horizontal nature and common interest (i.e. privacy, end-to-end security, user acceptance, societal, ethical aspects and legal issues) for providing trusted IoT solutions in a coordinated and consolidated manner across the IoT activities and pilots. In this, context IoT ecosystems offer solutions beyond a platform and solve important technical challenges in the different verticals and across verticals. These IoT technology ecosystems are instrumental for the deployment of large pilots and can easily be connected to or build upon the core IoT solutions for different applications in order to expand the system of use and allow new and even unanticipated IoT end uses. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Introduction• Digitising industry and IoT as key enabler in the new era of Digital Economy• IoT Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda• IoT in the digital industrial context: Digital Single Market• Integration of heterogeneous systems and bridging the virtual, digital and physical worlds• Federated IoT platforms and interoperability• Evolution from intelligent devices to connected systems of systems by adding new layers of cognitive behaviour, artificial intelligence and user interfaces.• Innovation through IoT ecosystems• Trust-based IoT end-to-end security, privacy framework• User acceptance, societal, ethical aspects and legal issues• Internet of Things Applications

Compressed Sensing (CS) is a promising method that recovers the sparse and compressible signals from severely under-sampled measurements. CS can be applied to wireless communication to enhance its capabilities. As this technology is proliferating, it is possible to explore its need and benefits for emerging applicationsCompressive Sensing for Wireless Communication provides:• A clear insight into the basics of compressed sensing• A thorough exploration of applying CS to audio, image and computer vision• Different dimensions of applying CS in Cognitive radio networks• CS in wireless sensor network for spatial compression and projection• Real world problems/projects that can be implemented and tested• Efficient methods to sample and reconstruct the images in resource constrained WMSN environmentThis book provides the details of CS and its associated applications in a thorough manner. It lays a direction for students and new engineers and prepares them for developing new tasks within the field of CS. It is an indispensable companion for practicing engineers who wish to learn about the emerging areas of interest.

Recent developments in computer communications and networks have enabled the deployment of exciting new areas such as Internet of Things and collaborative big data analysis. The design and implementation of energy efficient future generation communication and networking technologies also require the clever research and development of mobile, pervasive, and large-scale computing technologies. Advances in Computer Communications and Networks: from Green, Mobile, Pervasive Networking to Big Data Computing studies and presents recent advances in communication and networking technologies reflecting the state-of-the-art research achievements in novel communication technology and network optimization. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Data Center NetworksMobile Ad Hoc NetworksMultimedia NetworksInternet of ThingsWireless SpectrumNetwork Optimization.This book is ideal for personnel in computer communication and networking industries as well as academic staff and collegial, master, Ph.D. students in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering and telecommunication systems.

Future communication networks aim to build an intelligent and efficient living environment by connecting a variety of heterogeneous networks to fulfill complicated tasks. These communication networks bring significant challenges in building secure and reliable communication networks to address the numerous threat and privacy concerns. New research technologies are essential to preserve privacy, prevent attacks, and achieve the requisite reliability. Security, Privacy and Reliability in Computer Communications and Networks studies and presents recent advances reflecting the state-of-the-art research achievements in novel cryptographic algorithm design, intrusion detection, privacy preserving techniques and reliable routing protocols. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Vulnerabilities and Intrusion DetectionCryptographic Algorithms and EvaluationPrivacyReliable Routing ProtocolsThis book is ideal for personnel in computer communication and networking industries as well as academic staff and collegial, master, Ph.D. students in computer science, computer engineering, cyber security, information insurance and telecommunication systems.

Over the recent years, few books have been published covering all the subjects needed to understand the very fundamental concepts of cell planning. Most books which deal with this topic are destined to very specific audiences, and the vast majority introduce the subject at a very basic, or technical, level, or are destined to an academic audience.Cellular Network Planning begins with an introduction to the subject, covering conventional and contemporary wireless systems. Spectral allocation and the frequency plan are discussed, along with the essential characteristics of wireless systems. The design of mobile cellular systems includes cell planning, traffic and channel problems.The book presents a review of existing models, considering both green field dimensioning and network expansion strategies, and discusses multi-objective optimization and base station deployment based on artificial immune systems. It also discusses a cost-effective base station deployment approach based on artificial immune systems, and introduces the modified MO-AIS algorithm.Technical topics discussed in the book include:-Mobile Cellular Network Basics-Evolution of Mobile Cellular System-The Mobile Communications Channel-Propagation Models-Cell Planning-Green Field Dimensioning-Network Expansion-Cost-effective Planning Strategies

Internet of Things (IoT) deals with the interconnection of devices that can communicate with each other over the internet. Currently, several smart systems have evolved with the evolution in IoT. Cognitive Radio - an enabler for Internet of Things is a research level subject for all communication engineering students at undergraduate, post graduate and research levels. The contents of the book are designed to cover the prescribed syllabus for one semester course on the subject prescribed by universities. Concepts have been explained thoroughly in simple and lucid language. Mathematical analysis has been used wherever necessary followed by clear and lucid explanation of the findings and their implication.Key technologies presented include dynamic spectrum access, spectrum sensing techniques, IEEE 802.22 and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained, giving both a high level overview and a detailed step by step explanation.The book includes a large number of diagrams, MATLAB examples, thereby enabling the readers to have a sound grasp of the concepts presented and their applications. This book is a must have resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunication industry working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, helping comprehension of the process of utilization of the updated technology to enable being ahead competition.