Routledge Library Editions: Psychiatry – serie

Originally published in 1975, this book examines the various types of psychological disturbance, shows how they have come to be regarded as illnesses, and examines critically the notion of psychiatric diagnosis. It describes how clinical psychology has grown up within psychiatry to support a conceptual system antithetical to it.The author goes on to describe the theories and therapies that do not adhere particularly to the notion of mental illness. Today it can be enjoyed in its historical perspective.

Originally published in 1975, this book examines the various types of psychological disturbance, shows how they have come to be regarded as illnesses, and examines critically the notion of psychiatric diagnosis. It describes how clinical psychology has grown up within psychiatry to support a conceptual system antithetical to it.The author goes on to describe the theories and therapies that do not adhere particularly to the notion of mental illness. Today it can be enjoyed in its historical perspective.

Whilst there was a large number of primary-care staff wanting to treat psychiatrically ill children, they lacked adequate training. There was, in the past, an insufficient number of prescribable, measurable, techniques to aid any training in this field of work. This resulted in confusion and apathy amongst staff, together with long periods of treatment which often weakened family relationships. Originally published in 1985, this book was designed to equip all professionals dealing with emotionally or behaviourally disturbed children and their families, with practical methods and techniques. It demonstrates how staff can work more effectively when each child and family being treated has a detailed treatment programme, each component of which can be readily understood and measured. The 61 techniques included in this handbook were developed over many years during the authors’ experience in Canada, Hong Kong and New Zealand.

Whilst there was a large number of primary-care staff wanting to treat psychiatrically ill children, they lacked adequate training. There was, in the past, an insufficient number of prescribable, measurable, techniques to aid any training in this field of work. This resulted in confusion and apathy amongst staff, together with long periods of treatment which often weakened family relationships. Originally published in 1985, this book was designed to equip all professionals dealing with emotionally or behaviourally disturbed children and their families, with practical methods and techniques. It demonstrates how staff can work more effectively when each child and family being treated has a detailed treatment programme, each component of which can be readily understood and measured. The 61 techniques included in this handbook were developed over many years during the authors’ experience in Canada, Hong Kong and New Zealand.

A comparative sociological account of eight different therapeutic communities, One Foot in Eden, originally published in 1988, was the first study in this area to compare observational material from such a large number of settings.The communities chosen represent the wide variety of therapeutic community practice at the time: a residential Rudolf Steiner school for mentally handicapped children; two contrasting residential psychiatric units; a community for the treatment of addiction; a communally organised community for mentally handicapped and disturbed young people; a psychiatric day hospital; and two contrasting halfway houses for disturbed adolescents. All these places are recognised therapeutic communities seeking to mobilise the social life of the community as an instrument of therapy, yet, as this study shows, they follow different (and sometimes antithetical) treatment practices.The book also directs new light on other areas, of particular concern to sociologists, such as the general properties of therapeutic work and the socialisation process as it is experienced by new community residents.It will be of special interest to therapeutic community staff, to sociologists of medicine and occupations, and to others involved in the care of disturbed and handicapped people.

A comparative sociological account of eight different therapeutic communities, One Foot in Eden, originally published in 1988, was the first study in this area to compare observational material from such a large number of settings.The communities chosen represent the wide variety of therapeutic community practice at the time: a residential Rudolf Steiner school for mentally handicapped children; two contrasting residential psychiatric units; a community for the treatment of addiction; a communally organised community for mentally handicapped and disturbed young people; a psychiatric day hospital; and two contrasting halfway houses for disturbed adolescents. All these places are recognised therapeutic communities seeking to mobilise the social life of the community as an instrument of therapy, yet, as this study shows, they follow different (and sometimes antithetical) treatment practices.The book also directs new light on other areas, of particular concern to sociologists, such as the general properties of therapeutic work and the socialisation process as it is experienced by new community residents.It will be of special interest to therapeutic community staff, to sociologists of medicine and occupations, and to others involved in the care of disturbed and handicapped people.

Liaison psychiatry, that is, psychiatry with patients with organic disorders or physical symptoms in general hospitals, is a field that grew rapidly in the 1980s. Yet there had been no introductory book to the subject which might have served the needs of trainee psychiatrists, medical students, and general physicians and surgeons, as well as nurses and others, whose patients might be involved. This book, originally published in 1987, aimed to fill this gap in the literature. It begins by examining the scope and organisational issues of liaison psychiatry at the time and its role in psychiatric patients with organic disease, psychosomatic disorders, emotional reactions to physical disease, terminal illness, etc. The bulk of the book then reviews liaison in a range of medical specialities. The book should thus have a wide readership.

Liaison psychiatry, that is, psychiatry with patients with organic disorders or physical symptoms in general hospitals, is a field that grew rapidly in the 1980s. Yet there had been no introductory book to the subject which might have served the needs of trainee psychiatrists, medical students, and general physicians and surgeons, as well as nurses and others, whose patients might be involved. This book, originally published in 1987, aimed to fill this gap in the literature. It begins by examining the scope and organisational issues of liaison psychiatry at the time and its role in psychiatric patients with organic disease, psychosomatic disorders, emotional reactions to physical disease, terminal illness, etc. The bulk of the book then reviews liaison in a range of medical specialities. The book should thus have a wide readership.

What causes a man to become depressed or even psychotic?This book, originally published in 1991, provides an account of a grossly neglected subject: the social, sexual, psychological and psychiatric problems facing men. Dealing with issues such as aggression, violence, criminality, sexuality, and alcohol and drug dependence, it will be essential reading for health professionals, social workers and welfare officers, as well as those interested in gender studies.

What causes a man to become depressed or even psychotic?This book, originally published in 1991, provides an account of a grossly neglected subject: the social, sexual, psychological and psychiatric problems facing men. Dealing with issues such as aggression, violence, criminality, sexuality, and alcohol and drug dependence, it will be essential reading for health professionals, social workers and welfare officers, as well as those interested in gender studies.

Prior to publication, it had only recently been appreciated that psychology had a great deal to offer in therapeutic terms to a wide range of patients, and was not merely concerned with assessing and identifying problems. This is particularly so with the elderly where physical and mental problems and multiple pathology are compounded, and where psychological aspects of the quality of life are so important. The focus of this book, originally published in 1986, is on therapeutic approaches and the effective implementation of services. While the book is aimed particularly at clinical psychologists, it will also be of great interest to medical, nursing or occupational therapy staff working with elderly people.

Prior to publication, it had only recently been appreciated that psychology had a great deal to offer in therapeutic terms to a wide range of patients, and was not merely concerned with assessing and identifying problems. This is particularly so with the elderly where physical and mental problems and multiple pathology are compounded, and where psychological aspects of the quality of life are so important. The focus of this book, originally published in 1986, is on therapeutic approaches and the effective implementation of services. While the book is aimed particularly at clinical psychologists, it will also be of great interest to medical, nursing or occupational therapy staff working with elderly people.

Social Order/Mental Disorder represents a provocative and exciting exploration of social response to madness in England and the United States from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. Scull, who is well-known for his previous work in this area, examines a range of issues, including the changing social meanings of madness, the emergence and consolidation of the psychiatric profession, the often troubled relationship between psychiatry and the law, the linkages between sex and madness, and the constitution, character, and collapse of the asylum as our standard response to the problems posed by mental disorder.This book is emphatically not part of the venerable tradition of hagiography that has celebrated psychiatric history as a long struggle in which the steady application of rational-scientific principles has produced irregular but unmistakable evidence of progress toward humane treatments for the mentally ill. In fact, Scull contends that traditional mental hospitals, for much of their existence, resembled cemeteries for the still breathing, medical hubris having at times served to license dangerous, mutilating, even life-threatening experiments on the dead souls confined therein. He argues that only the sociologically blind would deny that psychiatrists are deeply involved in the definition and identification of what constitutes madness in our world – hence, claims that mental illness is a purely naturalistic category, somehow devoid of contamination by the social, are taken to be patently absurd. Scull points out, however, that the commitment to examine psychiatry and its ministrations with a critical eye by no means entails the romantic idea that the problems it deals with are purely the invention of the professional mind, or the Manichean notion that all psychiatric interventions are malevolent and ill-conceived. It is the task of unromantic criticism that is attempted in this book.

Social Order/Mental Disorder represents a provocative and exciting exploration of social response to madness in England and the United States from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. Scull, who is well-known for his previous work in this area, examines a range of issues, including the changing social meanings of madness, the emergence and consolidation of the psychiatric profession, the often troubled relationship between psychiatry and the law, the linkages between sex and madness, and the constitution, character, and collapse of the asylum as our standard response to the problems posed by mental disorder.This book is emphatically not part of the venerable tradition of hagiography that has celebrated psychiatric history as a long struggle in which the steady application of rational-scientific principles has produced irregular but unmistakable evidence of progress toward humane treatments for the mentally ill. In fact, Scull contends that traditional mental hospitals, for much of their existence, resembled cemeteries for the still breathing, medical hubris having at times served to license dangerous, mutilating, even life-threatening experiments on the dead souls confined therein. He argues that only the sociologically blind would deny that psychiatrists are deeply involved in the definition and identification of what constitutes madness in our world – hence, claims that mental illness is a purely naturalistic category, somehow devoid of contamination by the social, are taken to be patently absurd. Scull points out, however, that the commitment to examine psychiatry and its ministrations with a critical eye by no means entails the romantic idea that the problems it deals with are purely the invention of the professional mind, or the Manichean notion that all psychiatric interventions are malevolent and ill-conceived. It is the task of unromantic criticism that is attempted in this book.

Originally published in 1985, this book focuses on British psychiatric policies, particularly in the 1920s, and 1950s when the main legislation concerning mental illness was passed. It approaches policy primarily as the outcome of the relationship between politicians’ attitudes and those of professional groups in a specific social context. It examines the beliefs and theories of psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists and social workers, as well as the attitudes of government and MPs to mental illness, related services and its role in society.It is argued that the adherence to a medical-somatic view of mental illness by psychiatrists and politicians alike has led to the exclusion of viable alternatives, despite lip service being paid to some of them. It is shown that the issues of recent decades have important messages today, particularly in view of the 1982 amendments to the Mental Health Act and the debate about community services.

Originally published in 1985, this book focuses on British psychiatric policies, particularly in the 1920s, and 1950s when the main legislation concerning mental illness was passed. It approaches policy primarily as the outcome of the relationship between politicians’ attitudes and those of professional groups in a specific social context. It examines the beliefs and theories of psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists and social workers, as well as the attitudes of government and MPs to mental illness, related services and its role in society.It is argued that the adherence to a medical-somatic view of mental illness by psychiatrists and politicians alike has led to the exclusion of viable alternatives, despite lip service being paid to some of them. It is shown that the issues of recent decades have important messages today, particularly in view of the 1982 amendments to the Mental Health Act and the debate about community services.

Originally published in 1987, this title was compiled in response to the concern, in some segments of society, about the presence of new religious movements in the West in the second half of the twentieth century. There are lots of psychological questions surrounding cults and the influence they have over their members. These questions have been operative in the accumulation of this annotated bibliography, which was intended primarily as a reference guide for psychiatrists and counsellors who advise cult members, ex-cult members and their bewildered parents, and lawyers who use psychiatric arguments in the courts.

Originally published in 1987, this title was compiled in response to the concern, in some segments of society, about the presence of new religious movements in the West in the second half of the twentieth century. There are lots of psychological questions surrounding cults and the influence they have over their members. These questions have been operative in the accumulation of this annotated bibliography, which was intended primarily as a reference guide for psychiatrists and counsellors who advise cult members, ex-cult members and their bewildered parents, and lawyers who use psychiatric arguments in the courts.

Social psychiatry is concerned with the interaction of the sociocultural environment and the individual. While recognizing the contribution of psychodynamic factors, it focuses on the impact of the environment on the individual and the reciprocal effect of the individual on the environment. Social psychiatry includes such social problems as migration, acculturation, industrialization, poverty, discrimination, and automation. Originally published in 1970, the articles in this timely collection are in five different areas: definitions and parameters, epidemiology, community psychiatry, social problems, and animal studies. Dr Kiev has provided an introduction to each section that makes clear the significance of each of the contributions, and places them in a broad perspective.

Social psychiatry is concerned with the interaction of the sociocultural environment and the individual. While recognizing the contribution of psychodynamic factors, it focuses on the impact of the environment on the individual and the reciprocal effect of the individual on the environment. Social psychiatry includes such social problems as migration, acculturation, industrialization, poverty, discrimination, and automation. Originally published in 1970, the articles in this timely collection are in five different areas: definitions and parameters, epidemiology, community psychiatry, social problems, and animal studies. Dr Kiev has provided an introduction to each section that makes clear the significance of each of the contributions, and places them in a broad perspective.

Originally published in 1978, with the reform of the 1959 Mental Health Act under consideration, it was time to re-examine the recent policy of desegregating the mentally ill and treating them within general hospital psychiatric units rather than in mental hospitals. This shift in policy reflected a number of significant trends in contemporary British psychiatry. It signified the acceptance of the idea that mental disorder is like a physical illness and should be treated as such, within the same buildings. It had also brought the psychiatric profession closer to the mainstream of medicine and had conferred on it a status similar to that enjoyed by other branches of the medical profession.In this study, however, the authors question much of British psychiatric practice at the time. Part of the book is devoted to explaining how the psychiatric profession had been able to establish a hegemony over the mental health field, and consequently subordinate the other mental health professions to minor roles. The main emphasis of the book is on the controversial policy of desegregation of the mentally ill. The historical development of general psychiatric units is discussed, then a case study documenting the ‘careers’ of three patients who passed through one such unit is presented, providing a fascinating insight into the way in which the unit operated as a diagnostic and therapeutic centre. Finally, an analysis is made of some of the issues raised by the study. In particular, the staff structure of psychiatric centres and the processes of assessment and treatment are considered in detail.

Originally published in 1978, with the reform of the 1959 Mental Health Act under consideration, it was time to re-examine the recent policy of desegregating the mentally ill and treating them within general hospital psychiatric units rather than in mental hospitals. This shift in policy reflected a number of significant trends in contemporary British psychiatry. It signified the acceptance of the idea that mental disorder is like a physical illness and should be treated as such, within the same buildings. It had also brought the psychiatric profession closer to the mainstream of medicine and had conferred on it a status similar to that enjoyed by other branches of the medical profession.In this study, however, the authors question much of British psychiatric practice at the time. Part of the book is devoted to explaining how the psychiatric profession had been able to establish a hegemony over the mental health field, and consequently subordinate the other mental health professions to minor roles. The main emphasis of the book is on the controversial policy of desegregation of the mentally ill. The historical development of general psychiatric units is discussed, then a case study documenting the ‘careers’ of three patients who passed through one such unit is presented, providing a fascinating insight into the way in which the unit operated as a diagnostic and therapeutic centre. Finally, an analysis is made of some of the issues raised by the study. In particular, the staff structure of psychiatric centres and the processes of assessment and treatment are considered in detail.

The late Professor Michael Shepherd was one of the most eminent and respected international figures in psychiatry. His contributions to the field in general were enormous but it is probably in epidemiological and social psychiatry that his work has had the greatest influence. Originally published in 1989, this volume of essays, written specifically in Professor Shepherd’s honour, is concerned with the scientific approach to epidemiological psychiatry. The distinguished contributors, many of whom were close colleagues or former students, were drawn from a conspicuously wide range of scientific disciplines, medical and non-medical, and their contributions reflect the far-reaching applications of epidemiological methods to mental health problems.

The late Professor Michael Shepherd was one of the most eminent and respected international figures in psychiatry. His contributions to the field in general were enormous but it is probably in epidemiological and social psychiatry that his work has had the greatest influence. Originally published in 1989, this volume of essays, written specifically in Professor Shepherd’s honour, is concerned with the scientific approach to epidemiological psychiatry. The distinguished contributors, many of whom were close colleagues or former students, were drawn from a conspicuously wide range of scientific disciplines, medical and non-medical, and their contributions reflect the far-reaching applications of epidemiological methods to mental health problems.

Originally published in 1997, this title describes therapeutic applications of simple to complex combinations of medications to treat common psychiatric disorders among adults. Dr Joseph discusses practical, clinical guidelines that both the beginner and experienced practitioner will find useful. The 100 psychopharmacological cases presented in Part 2 illustrate the application of the diagnostic and treatment concepts described in Part 1. The cases are grouped into simple, moderately complex, and complex cases. The clinical cases, besides evoking a "hands-on" feeling which facilitates learning, can be used to compare your current treatment approach to that of an experienced and highly successful practicing psychiatrist.A vital addition to every psychiatrist's library, this guidebook is indispensable to those seeking a better understanding of patients’ problems from a psychopharmacological perspective that is both practical and effective. Numerous and varied clinical presentations are reduced to treatable symptoms so that even physicians who lack experience with a specific medication or combination of medications will be able to use these interventions successfully. For each of the 100 clinical cases presented in the book, the clinical history, treatment course, medication doses, and treatment outcome are carefully detailed in a step-by-step analysis.Unique features of this book that will be useful to psychiatrists, primary care physicians, and all mental health clinicians include: its symptom-focused approach; its discussion of modern rational polypharmacy; specific dosing guidelines; office management of severe disorders; treatment of special patients, such as celebrities and other doctors; clinical cases; and sample answers to common questions asked by patients.Psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, psychotherapists, psychiatric nurses, and other physicians will find thorough and clear explanations of treatment strategies and their nuances in this volume. Physicians interested in learning balanced and rational use of various psychotropic medication combinations will find themselves turning to this book again and again as they strive to alleviate psychiatric symptoms in patients and exercise techniques that minimize or avoid inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Originally published in 1997, this title describes therapeutic applications of simple to complex combinations of medications to treat common psychiatric disorders among adults. Dr Joseph discusses practical, clinical guidelines that both the beginner and experienced practitioner will find useful. The 100 psychopharmacological cases presented in Part 2 illustrate the application of the diagnostic and treatment concepts described in Part 1. The cases are grouped into simple, moderately complex, and complex cases. The clinical cases, besides evoking a "hands-on" feeling which facilitates learning, can be used to compare your current treatment approach to that of an experienced and highly successful practicing psychiatrist.A vital addition to every psychiatrist's library, this guidebook is indispensable to those seeking a better understanding of patients’ problems from a psychopharmacological perspective that is both practical and effective. Numerous and varied clinical presentations are reduced to treatable symptoms so that even physicians who lack experience with a specific medication or combination of medications will be able to use these interventions successfully. For each of the 100 clinical cases presented in the book, the clinical history, treatment course, medication doses, and treatment outcome are carefully detailed in a step-by-step analysis.Unique features of this book that will be useful to psychiatrists, primary care physicians, and all mental health clinicians include: its symptom-focused approach; its discussion of modern rational polypharmacy; specific dosing guidelines; office management of severe disorders; treatment of special patients, such as celebrities and other doctors; clinical cases; and sample answers to common questions asked by patients.Psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, psychotherapists, psychiatric nurses, and other physicians will find thorough and clear explanations of treatment strategies and their nuances in this volume. Physicians interested in learning balanced and rational use of various psychotropic medication combinations will find themselves turning to this book again and again as they strive to alleviate psychiatric symptoms in patients and exercise techniques that minimize or avoid inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Originally published in 1989, the primary aim of this text was to provide a guide to the interview assessment of a wide range of common adult psychological problems. Emphasis is placed on the kinds of problems that were frequently encountered in outpatient centres at the time. The authors provide a general introduction to the nature and causes of each of the selected problems, with a focus on the kind of background knowledge that may be useful in the planning of initial interviews and the selection of appropriate interventions. Detailed examples are provided of the questions that may help elicit information on the history, severity, and causes of the problems for individual clients, and there is also a brief discussion of selected formal assessment instruments for each problem area. A major aim of the text is to teach basic principles of problem identification, behavioural analysis and a structured approach to assessment.

Originally published in 1989, the primary aim of this text was to provide a guide to the interview assessment of a wide range of common adult psychological problems. Emphasis is placed on the kinds of problems that were frequently encountered in outpatient centres at the time. The authors provide a general introduction to the nature and causes of each of the selected problems, with a focus on the kind of background knowledge that may be useful in the planning of initial interviews and the selection of appropriate interventions. Detailed examples are provided of the questions that may help elicit information on the history, severity, and causes of the problems for individual clients, and there is also a brief discussion of selected formal assessment instruments for each problem area. A major aim of the text is to teach basic principles of problem identification, behavioural analysis and a structured approach to assessment.

Originally published in 1986, this volume presents the clinical and administrative aspects of emergency psychiatry from the point of view of the clinician administrator involved in organizing and running an emergency service. Part 1 provides an administrative overview of psychiatric emergency care – the development of the field, the concepts, the patient profile, the team, the architecture, fiscal planning, legal constraints as well as training and research issues. Part 2 describes psychiatric emergency care delivery systems in the emergency department, the average hospital wards, the community mental health centers and health maintenance organizations. Part 3 gives examples of the process of administration – in one instance how a psychiatric emergency service developed, in the other how one functions day to day and what themes recur administratively. Part 4 focuses on protocols and models useful to the emergency service administrator: protocols, records, standards of care, politics, liaison with the court, mobile response, collaborative arrangements and disaster preparedness. Part 5 provides an annotated bibliography which reviews and draws attention to the relevant literature for the clinicians and administrators to use in practicing emergency psychiatry.