SERIES ON NUMBER THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS – serie

This book is the first to provide a comprehensive and elementary account of the new Iwasawa theory innovated via the deformation theory of modular forms and Galois representations. The deformation theory of modular forms is developed by generalizing the cohomological approach discovered in the author's 2019 AMS Leroy P Steele Prize-winning article without using much algebraic geometry.Starting with a description of Iwasawa's classical results on his proof of the main conjecture under the Kummer–Vandiver conjecture (which proves cyclicity of his Iwasawa module more than just proving his main conjecture), we describe a generalization of the method proving cyclicity to the adjoint Selmer group of every ordinary deformation of a two-dimensional Artin Galois representation.The fundamentals in the first five chapters are as follows:Iwasawa's proof;;a modular version of Iwasawa's discovery by Kubert–Lang as an introduction to modular forms;;a level-headed description of the p-adic interpolation of modular forms and p-adic L-functions, which are developed into a modular deformation theory;;Galois deformation theory of the abelian case.;The continuing chapters provide the level of exposition accessible to graduate students, while the results are the latest. Readers will find:the theory is generalized to the non-abelian case of dimension 2 including a description of a non-abelian class number formula relating the order of the adjoint p-Selmer group to the adjoint p-adic L-function;;cyclicity over the Hecke algebra of the adjoint Selmer group of the two-dimensional Artin representations and their deformations is shown;;a proved conjecture of Greenberg on p-local indecomposability of modular p-adic Galois representation in many cases unconditionally;;analytic details on the non-abelian class number formula.;Many open problems are presented to stimulate young researchers pursuing their field of study.

This book provides a conceptual introduction into the representation theory of local and global groups, with final emphasis on automorphic representations of reductive groups G over number fields F.Our approach to automorphic representations differs from the usual literature: We do not consider "K-finite" automorphic forms, but we allow a richer class of smooth functions of uniform moderate growth. Contrasting the usual approach, our space of "smooth-automorphic forms" is intrinsic to the group scheme G/F.This setup also covers the advantage that a perfect representation-theoretical symmetry between the archimedean and non-archimedean places of the number field F is regained, by making the bigger space of smooth-automorphic forms into a proper, continuous representation of the full group of adelic points of G.Graduate students and researchers will find the covered topics appear for the first time in a book, where the theory of smooth-automorphic representations is robustly developed and presented in great detail.

This unique book provides a collection of more than 200 mathematical problems and their detailed solutions, which contain very useful tips and skills in real analysis. Each chapter has an introduction, in which some fundamental definitions and propositions are prepared. This also contains many brief historical comments on some significant mathematical results in real analysis together with useful references.Problems and Solutions in Real Analysis may be used as advanced exercises by undergraduate students during or after courses in calculus and linear algebra. It is also useful for graduate students who are interested in analytic number theory. Readers will also be able to completely grasp a simple and elementary proof of the prime number theorem through several exercises. The book is also suitable for non-experts who wish to understand mathematical analysis.

This unique book provides a collection of more than 200 mathematical problems and their detailed solutions, which contain very useful tips and skills in real analysis. Each chapter has an introduction, in which some fundamental definitions and propositions are prepared. This also contains many brief historical comments on some significant mathematical results in real analysis together with useful references.Problems and Solutions in Real Analysis may be used as advanced exercises by undergraduate students during or after courses in calculus and linear algebra. It is also useful for graduate students who are interested in analytic number theory. Readers will also be able to completely grasp a simple and elementary proof of the prime number theorem through several exercises. The book is also suitable for non-experts who wish to understand mathematical analysis.

This monograph provides a brief exposition of automorphic forms of weight 1 and their applications to arithmetic, especially to Galois representations. One of the outstanding problems in arithmetic is a generalization of class field theory to non-abelian Galois extension of number fields. In this volume, we discuss some relations between this problem and cusp forms of weight 1.

This second edition introduces an additional set of new mathematical problems with their detailed solutions in real analysis. It also provides numerous improved solutions to the existing problems from the previous edition, and includes very useful tips and skills for the readers to master successfully. There are three more chapters that expand further on the topics of Bernoulli numbers, differential equations and metric spaces.Each chapter has a summary of basic points, in which some fundamental definitions and results are prepared. This also contains many brief historical comments for some significant mathematical results in real analysis together with many references.Problems and Solutions in Real Analysis can be treated as a collection of advanced exercises by undergraduate students during or after their courses of calculus and linear algebra. It is also instructive for graduate students who are interested in analytic number theory. Readers will also be able to completely grasp a simple and elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem through several exercises. This volume is also suitable for non-experts who wish to understand mathematical analysis.

This second edition introduces an additional set of new mathematical problems with their detailed solutions in real analysis. It also provides numerous improved solutions to the existing problems from the previous edition, and includes very useful tips and skills for the readers to master successfully. There are three more chapters that expand further on the topics of Bernoulli numbers, differential equations and metric spaces.Each chapter has a summary of basic points, in which some fundamental definitions and results are prepared. This also contains many brief historical comments for some significant mathematical results in real analysis together with many references.Problems and Solutions in Real Analysis can be treated as a collection of advanced exercises by undergraduate students during or after their courses of calculus and linear algebra. It is also instructive for graduate students who are interested in analytic number theory. Readers will also be able to completely grasp a simple and elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem through several exercises. This volume is also suitable for non-experts who wish to understand mathematical analysis.

The Langlands Programme is one of the most important areas in modern pure mathematics. The importance of this volume lies in its potential to recast many aspects of the programme in an entirely new context. For example, the morphisms in the monomial category of a locally p-adic Lie group have a distributional description, due to Bruhat in his thesis. Admissible representations in the programme are often treated via convolution algebras of distributions and representations of Hecke algebras. The monomial embedding, introduced in this book, elegantly fits together these two uses of distribution theory. The author follows up this application by giving the monomial category treatment of the Bernstein Centre, classified by Deligne–Bernstein–Zelevinsky.This book gives a new categorical setting in which to approach well-known topics. Therefore, the context used to explain examples is often the more generally accessible case of representations of finite general linear groups. For example, Galois base-change and epsilon factors for locally p-adic Lie groups are illustrated by the analogous Shintani descent and Kondo–Gauss sums, respectively. General linear groups of local fields are emphasized. However, since the philosophy of this book is essentially that of homotopy theory and algebraic topology, it includes a short appendix showing how the buildings of Bruhat–Tits, sufficient for the general linear group, may be generalised to the tom Dieck spaces (now known as the Baum–Connes spaces) when G is a locally p-adic Lie group.The purpose of this monograph is to describe a functorial embedding of the category of admissible k-representations of a locally profinite topological group G into the derived category of the additive category of the admissible k-monomial module category. Experts in the Langlands Programme may be interested to learn that when G is a locally p-adic Lie group, the monomial category is closely related to the category of topological modules over a sort of enlarged Hecke algebra with generators corresponding to characters on compact open modulo the centre subgroups of G. Having set up this functorial embedding, how the ingredients of the celebrated Langlands Programme adapt to the context of the derived monomial module category is examined. These include automorphic representations, epsilon factors and L-functions, modular forms, Weil–Deligne representations, Galois base change and Hecke operators.

This volume aims at collecting survey papers which give broad and enlightening perspectives of various aspects of number theory.Kitaoka's paper is a continuation of his earlier paper published in the last proceedings and pushes the research forward. Browning's paper introduces a new direction of research on analytic number theory — quantitative theory of some surfaces and Bruedern et al's paper details state-of-the-art affairs of additive number theory. There are two papers on modular forms — Kohnen's paper describes generalized modular forms (GMF) which has some applications in conformal field theory, while Liu's paper is very useful for readers who want to have a quick introduction to Maass forms and some analytic-number-theoretic problems related to them. Matsumoto et al's paper gives a very thorough survey on functional relations of root system zeta-functions, Hoshi–Miyake's paper is a continuation of Miyake's long and fruitful research on generic polynomials and gives rise to related Diophantine problems, and Jia's paper surveys some dynamical aspects of a special arithmetic function connected with the distribution of prime numbers. There are two papers of collections of problems by Shparlinski on exponential and character sums and Schinzel on polynomials which will serve as an aid for finding suitable research problems. Yamamura's paper is a complete bibliography on determinant expressions for a certain class number and will be useful to researchers.Thus the book gives a good-balance of classical and modern aspects in number theory and will be useful to researchers including enthusiastic graduate students.

This volume contains contributions of principal speakers of the symposium on geometry and analysis of automorphic forms of several variables, held in September 2009 at Tokyo, Japan, in honor of Takayuki Oda's 60th birthday. It presents both research and survey articles in the fields that are the main themes of his work. The volume may serve as a guide to developing areas as well as a resource for researchers who seek a broader view and for students who are beginning to explore automorphic form.

This volume provides a systematic survey of almost all the equivalent assertions to the functional equations — zeta symmetry — which zeta-functions satisfy, thus streamlining previously published results on zeta-functions. The equivalent relations are given in the form of modular relations in Fox H-function series, which at present include all that have been considered as candidates for ingredients of a series. The results are presented in a clear and simple manner for readers to readily apply without much knowledge of zeta-functions.This volume aims to keep a record of the 150-year-old heritage starting from Riemann on zeta-functions, which are ubiquitous in all mathematical sciences, wherever there is a notion of the norm. It provides almost all possible equivalent relations to the zeta-functions without requiring a reader's deep knowledge on their definitions. This can be an ideal reference book for those studying zeta-functions.

This volume is based on the successful 6th China–Japan Seminar on number theory that was held in Shanghai Jiao Tong University in August 2011. It is a compilation of survey papers as well as original works by distinguished researchers in their respective fields. The topics range from traditional analytic number theory — additive problems, divisor problems, Diophantine equations — to elliptic curves and automorphic L-functions. It contains new developments in number theory and the topics complement the existing two volumes from the previous seminars which can be found in the same book series.

This unique volume presents a fruitful and beautiful mathematical world hidden in Caianiello's neuronic equations, which describe the instantaneous behavior of a model of a brain or thinking machine. The detailed analysis from a viewpoint of “dynamical systems”, even in a single neuron case, enables us to obtain amazingly good rational approximations to the Hecke–Mahler series with two variables. Some interesting numerical applications of our rational approximations are also discussed.This book is fundamentally self-contained and many topics required in it are explained from the beginning. Each chapter contains a number of instructive and mostly original exercises at various levels.

Based on the successful 7th China–Japan seminar on number theory conducted in Kyushu University, this volume is a compilation of survey and semi-survey type of papers by the participants of the seminar. The topics covered range from traditional analytic number theory to elliptic curves and universality. This volume contains new developments in the field of number theory from recent years and it provides suitable problems for possible new research at a level which is not unattainable. Timely surveys will be beneficial to a new generation of researchers as a source of information and these provide a glimpse at the state-of-the-art affairs in the fields of their research interests.

This is the first introductory book on multiple zeta functions and multiple polylogarithms which are the generalizations of the Riemann zeta function and the classical polylogarithms, respectively, to the multiple variable setting. It contains all the basic concepts and the important properties of these functions and their special values. This book is aimed at graduate students, mathematicians and physicists who are interested in this current active area of research.The book will provide a detailed and comprehensive introduction to these objects, their fascinating properties and interesting relations to other mathematical subjects, and various generalizations such as their q-analogs and their finite versions (by taking partial sums modulo suitable prime powers). Historical notes and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter.

This book provides a clear and accessible introduction to modern algebraic number theory, with a special emphasis on class field theory. Drawing from courses and lectures delivered in seven countries, the text balances simplicity with depth, making advanced topics approachable with minimal reliance on heavy algebraic or analytic machinery.The book is structured into these distinct chapters; each tailored to a different stage of mathematical training: Chapter 1 introduces algebraic number fields, progressing at a steady pace with numerous examples — ideal for advanced undergraduates;;Chapter 2 explores complete discrete valuation fields (local fields), a vital area of local algebraic number theory often underrepresented in standard textbooks but crucial in modern research;;Chapter 3 develops abstract class field theory and its applications to both local and global fields, using Neukirch's axiomatic approach to derive fundamental theorems. Extensions to recent developments and generalizations are also discussed.;The final chapter gathers a substantial collection of exercises, designed to test comprehension and guide further exploration. By offering the simplest known pathway to class field theory, this book fills a significant gap left by classic references published decades ago.

This book provides a clear and accessible introduction to modern algebraic number theory, with a special emphasis on class field theory. Drawing from courses and lectures delivered in seven countries, the text balances simplicity with depth, making advanced topics approachable with minimal reliance on heavy algebraic or analytic machinery.The book is structured into these distinct chapters; each tailored to a different stage of mathematical training: Chapter 1 introduces algebraic number fields, progressing at a steady pace with numerous examples — ideal for advanced undergraduates;;Chapter 2 explores complete discrete valuation fields (local fields), a vital area of local algebraic number theory often underrepresented in standard textbooks but crucial in modern research;;Chapter 3 develops abstract class field theory and its applications to both local and global fields, using Neukirch's axiomatic approach to derive fundamental theorems. Extensions to recent developments and generalizations are also discussed.;The final chapter gathers a substantial collection of exercises, designed to test comprehension and guide further exploration. By offering the simplest known pathway to class field theory, this book fills a significant gap left by classic references published decades ago.

Mathematics is very much a part of our culture; and this invaluable collection serves the purpose of developing the branches involved, popularizing the existing theories and guiding our future explorations.More precisely, the goal is to bring the reader to the frontier of current developments in arithmetic geometry and number theory through the works of Deninger-Werner in vector bundles on curves over p-adic fields; of Jiang on local gamma factors in automorphic representations; of Weng on Deligne pairings and Takhtajan-Zograf metrics; of Yoshida on CM-periods; of Yu on transcendence of special values of zetas over finite fields. In addition, the lecture notes presented by Weng at the University of Toronto from October to November 2005 explain basic ideas and the reasons (not just the language and conclusions) behind Langlands' fundamental, yet notably difficult, works on the Eisenstein series and spectral decompositions.And finally, a brand new concept by Weng called the Geometric Arithmetic program that uses algebraic and/or analytic methods, based on geometric considerations, to develop the promising and yet to be cultivated land of global arithmetic that includes non-abelian Class Field Theory, Riemann Hypothesis and non-abelian Zeta and L Functions, etc.

This volume is not an ordinary proceedings volume assembling papers submitted but a collection of prestigious survey papers on various subjects studied enthusiastically by experts all over the world. The reader will uncover profound, new research problems as well as numerous signposts for future direction.