Space Studies – serie

This volume should appeal to those who wish to appreciate the breadth of space activities relevant to preserving the environment and to improving life on Earth for all humanity. A wide range of topics, including global concerns, Earth remote sensing, telecommunications and other space applications are examined from organizational, financial, technical and philosophical perspectives. A selection of papers which were presented at the first Annual Symposium organized by the International Space University is published here.

Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity. Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing. The value-added and service industries are increasing in importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of privatization, de-regulation and globalization. An international and interdisciplinary symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together a diverse group of people, technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and to exchange ideas on the way forward.

Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new developments in teleservices, particularly tele-health and tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to individuals and also to society at large. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together technical and non-technical people to consider the future applications of space techniques to tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues involved in this developing area.

Addressing issues of ISS utilization and operations from all perspectives, especially the commercial viewpoint, as well as for scientific research and technological development, and education in the widest sense of the word this text should be of interest to those working in industry, academia and government, particularly in public-private partnerships.

The question of the Symposium's title "The Space Transportation Market: Evolution or Revolution?" is answered from different viewpoints - the users, the launch service providers, the engineers, the lawyers, and various governmental organisations. In the future, the space transportation industry must provide several different cost-effective means for easy and rapid access to space in order to satisfy the demands of many different customers. This book should be useful for all involved with rockets and space launchers, whether in industry, government, or academia.

This volume's broad-ranging theme is analyzed and discussed from many viewpoints - engineering, science, policy, law, business, finance and management. Different ways in which small satellites may create larger business opportunities are examined, ranging from telecommunications systems to Earth observation applications and technology demonstrators. Information satisfying the needs of consumers is the key to success. Small satellites, which are responsive, adaptable and cost-effective, will define the new space race.

What will be the future directions of human spaceflight? - that was the key question addressed at this symposium - in an atmosphere of realism mixed with idealism. Building on the foundations of the International Space Station, will it be space tourism, habitats in space, mining an asteroid on a collision course with Earth, bases on the Moon, or the colonisation of Mars? What robotic missions will be essential before crewed missions can be launched? How will these be financed? And when might it all happen? Many ideas from the USA, Canada, Europe, Russia and Japan were put forward on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the final frontier and what is likely to be needed to make our dreams come true.

This text adopts a broad perspective on positioning and navigation systems which rely on Earth orbiting satellites for their successful operation. The first of such global systems was the US Global Positioning System (GPS), and the next the Russian GLONASS system. Now studies relating to Europe's future Galileo system are gaining momentum and other nations are planning regional augmentation systems. All such systems are discussed here, particularly relating to political, commercial, legal and technical issues. The opportunities - and also the problems - of having three similar systems in operation simultaneously are examined, and several novel applications are proposed. These range from improved vehicular transport by land, sea and air, to more accurate surveying, more efficient agricultural practices and safer operations in mountainous regions.

The Symposium's broad ranging theme is analysed and discussed from many viewpoints - engineering, science, policy, law, business, finance and management. Different ways in which small satellites may create larger business opportunities are examined, ranging from telecommunications systems to Earth observation applications and technology demonstrators. Information satisfying the needs of consumers is the key to success. Small satellites, which are Responsive, Adaptable and Cost Effective, will define the new space RACE. The Proceedings of this Symposium are invaluable to all people in industry, government and academia who are using space in innovative ways.

What will be the future directions of human spaceflight? That was the key question addressed at this Symposium - in an atmosphere of realism mixed with idealism. Building on the foundations of the International Space Station, will it be space tourism, habitats in space, mining an asteroid on a collision course with Earth, bases on the Moon, or the colonisation of Mars? What robotic missions will be essential before crewed missions can be launched? How will these be financed? And when might it all happen? Many ideas from the USA, Canada, Europe, Russia and Japan were put forward on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the final frontier and what is likely to be needed to make dreams come true. The Proceedings of this Symposium are invaluable to all people in industry, government and academia who are interested in the future of human spaceflight. ISU WWW Server: http://www.isunet.edu. Further information on ISU Symposia may also be obtained by e-mail from symposium@isu.isunet.edu

This book adopts a broad perspective on positioning and navigation systems which rely on Earth orbiting satellites for their successful operation. The first of such global systems was the US Global Positioning System (GPS), and the next the Russian GLONASS system. Now studies relating to Europe's future Galileo system are gaining momentum and other nations are planning regional augmentation systems. All such systems are discussed here, particularly relating to political, commercial, legal and technical issues. The opportunities - and also the problems - of having three similar systems in operation simultaneously are examined, and several novel applications are proposed. These range from improved vehicular transport by land, sea and air, to more accurate surveying, more efficient agricultural practices and safer operations in mountainous regions. Everyone who is challenged by these topics will find this volume invaluable. ISU WWW Server; http://www.isunet.edu. Further information on ISU Symposia may also be obtained by e-mail from symposium@isu.isunet.edu

M. Rycroft, FacultyMember, InternationalSpaceUniversity e-mail:Rycroft@isu.isunet.edu "The Space Transportation Market: Evolution or Revolution?" was the question which was the focus for the papers presented, and also the Panel Discussions, at the fifth annual Symposium organised by the International Space University. Held in Strasbourg, France, for three lively days at the end of May 2000, the Symposium brought together representatives of the developers, providers and operators of space transportation systems, of regulatory bodies, and of users of the space transportation infrastructure in many fields, as well as experts in policy and market analysis. From the papers published here, it is clear that today's answer to the question tends more towards evolution than to revolution. The space launch industry is still not a fully mature one, and is still reliant on at least partial funding by governments. Better cooperation is essential between governments, launch providers, satellite builders and satellite operators in order to reduce the problems which the space transportation market faces today.

G. Haskell, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, Vice President, Administration and Programme Development, International Space University e-mail: Haskell@isu.isunet.edu M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: Rycroft@isu.isunet.edu The theme of the fourth annual symposium arranged by the International Space University (ISU) was "International Space Station: The Next Space Marketplace". The Symposium covered this topic from the uniqu- interdisciplinary, international and intercultural - perspectives of ISU. It focussed on significant issues related to policy, innovative management, commerce, regulation, education and outreach rather than concentrating on engineering and scientific issues. Although admirable progress has already been made in defining the utilisation of the International Space Station (ISS) in its early operational phases, what does the future hold? What important new applications will arise? What commercial opportunities may emerge? And how will the political, legal and financial hurdles be overcome, not to mention the technical challenges? The aim of the Symposium was to discuss such questions and draw out new ways of using the Space Station in the future. Among the 120 attendees were members of the fourth Master of Space Studies class, young professionals and postgraduate students who are developing the Symposium's theme in their Team Project. Their comprehensive overview of the subject is presented as an Annex here. Their final report on the Team Project will be completed at the end of July 1999, and published separately.

Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to individuals and also to society at large. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together technical and non-technical people to consider the future applications of space techniques to tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues involved in this developing area.