Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic – serie

This book is focused on the discussion of the traffic assignment problem, the mathematical and practical meaning of variables, functions and basic principles. This work gives information about new approaches, methods and algorithms based on original methodological technique, developed by authors in their publications for the past several years, as well as corresponding prospective implementations. The book may be of interest to a wide range of readers, such as civil engineering students, traffic engineers, developers of traffic assignment algorithms etc. The obtained results here are to be used in both practice and theory. This book is devoted to the traffic assignment problem, formulated in a form of nonlinear optimization program. The most efficient solution algorithms related to the problem are based on its structural features and practical meaning rather than on standard nonlinear optimization techniques or approaches. The authors have carefully considered the meaning of the traffic assignment problem for efficient algorithms development.

This book is focused on the discussion of the traffic assignment problem, the mathematical and practical meaning of variables, functions and basic principles. This work gives information about new approaches, methods and algorithms based on original methodological technique, developed by authors in their publications for the past several years, as well as corresponding prospective implementations. The book may be of interest to a wide range of readers, such as civil engineering students, traffic engineers, developers of traffic assignment algorithms etc. The obtained results here are to be used in both practice and theory. This book is devoted to the traffic assignment problem, formulated in a form of nonlinear optimization program. The most efficient solution algorithms related to the problem are based on its structural features and practical meaning rather than on standard nonlinear optimization techniques or approaches. The authors have carefully considered the meaning of the traffic assignment problem for efficient algorithms development.

Since 1950, the Highway Capacity Manual has been a standard used in the planning, design, analysis, and operation of virtually any highway traffic facility in the United States. It has also been widely used around the globe and has inspired the development of similar manuals in other countries. This book is Volume II of a series on the conceptual and research origins of the methodologies found in the Highway Capacity Manual. It focuses on the most complex points in a traffic system: signalized and unsignalized intersections, and the concepts and methodologies developed over the years to model their operations. It also includes an overview of the fundamental concepts of capacity and level of service, particularly as applied to intersections. The historical roots of the manual and its contents are important to understanding current methodologies, and improving them in the future. As such, this book is a valuable resource for current and future users of the Highway Capacity Manual, as well as researchers and developers involved in advancing the state-of-the-art in the field.

This book reports on current challenges in bridge engineering faced by professionals around the globe, giving a special emphasis to recently developed techniques and methods for bridge design, construction and monitoring. Based on extended and revised papers selected from outstanding presentation at the Istanbul Bridge Conference 2018, held from November 5 – 6, 2018, in Istanbul, Turkey, and by highlighting major bridge studies, spanning from numerical and modeling studies to the applications of new construction techniques and monitoring systems, this book is intended to promote high standards in modern bridge engineering. It offers a timely reference to both academics and professionals in this field.

This book reports on current challenges in bridge engineering faced by professionals around the globe, giving a special emphasis to recently developed techniques and methods for bridge design, construction and monitoring. Based on extended and revised papers selected from outstanding presentation at the Istanbul Bridge Conference 2018, held from November 5 – 6, 2018, in Istanbul, Turkey, and by highlighting major bridge studies, spanning from numerical and modeling studies to the applications of new construction techniques and monitoring systems, this book is intended to promote high standards in modern bridge engineering. It offers a timely reference to both academics and professionals in this field.

This book offers a comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to risk management, with a special emphasis on the physical and environmental risks related to the operations of railway systems. It is intended to provide a roadmap for managing the risk by controlling safety. Starting with a concise historical introduction and by presenting basic concepts of risk management, the book describes in turn the railway systems and their complexity. Then, it goes in depth into the process of risk management, describing the main elements, from risk identification, analysis and assessment to risk monitoring and communication. Different risk assessment techniques are reviewed in detail, and the main components of a risk management plan are presented. The book concludes with an introduction to health risk management, describing strategies for performing health risk assessments for staff in safety-critical positions. Based on the conviction that controlling safety is the main strategy in managing risk, and on the fact that the systems we would like to control are complex ones, this book provides transport and safety engineers with the necessary knowledge to effectively managing the risks of the railway system.

This book offers a comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to risk management, with a special emphasis on the physical and environmental risks related to the operations of railway systems. It is intended to provide a roadmap for managing the risk by controlling safety. Starting with a concise historical introduction and by presenting basic concepts of risk management, the book describes in turn the railway systems and their complexity. Then, it goes in depth into the process of risk management, describing the main elements, from risk identification, analysis and assessment to risk monitoring and communication. Different risk assessment techniques are reviewed in detail, and the main components of a risk management plan are presented. The book concludes with an introduction to health risk management, describing strategies for performing health risk assessments for staff in safety-critical positions. Based on the conviction that controlling safety is the main strategy in managing risk, and on the fact that the systems we would like to control are complex ones, this book provides transport and safety engineers with the necessary knowledge to effectively managing the risks of the railway system.

This book deals with the estimation of travel time in a very comprehensive and exhaustive way. Travel time information is and will continue to be one key indicator of the quality of service of a road network and a highly valued knowledge for drivers. Moreover, travel times are key inputs for comprehensive traffic management systems.All the above-mentioned aspects are covered in this book. The first chapters expound on the different types of travel time information that traffic management centers work with, their estimation, their utility and their dissemination. They also remark those aspects in which this information should be improved, especially considering future cooperative driving environments.Next, the book introduces and validates two new methodologies designed to improve current travel time information systems, which additionally have a high degree of applicability: since they use data from widely disseminated sources, they could be immediately implemented by many administrations without the need for large investments.Finally, travel times are addressed in the context of dynamic traffic management systems. The evolution of these systems in parallel with technological and communication advancements is thoroughly discussed. Special attention is paid to data analytics and models, including data-driven approaches, aimed at understanding and predicting travel patterns in urban scenarios. Additionally, the role of dynamic origin-to-destination matrices in these schemes is analyzed in detail.

This book deals with the estimation of travel time in a very comprehensive and exhaustive way. Travel time information is and will continue to be one key indicator of the quality of service of a road network and a highly valued knowledge for drivers. Moreover, travel times are key inputs for comprehensive traffic management systems.All the above-mentioned aspects are covered in this book. The first chapters expound on the different types of travel time information that traffic management centers work with, their estimation, their utility and their dissemination. They also remark those aspects in which this information should be improved, especially considering future cooperative driving environments.Next, the book introduces and validates two new methodologies designed to improve current travel time information systems, which additionally have a high degree of applicability: since they use data from widely disseminated sources, they could be immediately implemented by many administrations without the need for large investments.Finally, travel times are addressed in the context of dynamic traffic management systems. The evolution of these systems in parallel with technological and communication advancements is thoroughly discussed. Special attention is paid to data analytics and models, including data-driven approaches, aimed at understanding and predicting travel patterns in urban scenarios. Additionally, the role of dynamic origin-to-destination matrices in these schemes is analyzed in detail.

This book brings together reports of original empirical studies which explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban mobility and transportation and the associated policy responses. Focusing on the California region, the book draws on this local experience to formulate general lessons for other regions and metropolitan areas. The book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has had different impacts on vulnerable populations in cities. It explores the pandemic's impacts on the transportation industry, in particular public transit, but also on other industries and economic interests that rely on transportation, such as freight trucking, retail and food industries, and the gig-economy. It investigates the effect of the viral outbreak on automobile traffic and associated air quality and traffic safety, as well as on alternative forms of work, shopping, and travel which have developed to accommodate the conditions it has forced on society.With quantitative data supported with illustrations and graphs, transportation professionals, policymakers and students can use this book to learn about policies and strategies that may instigate positive change in urban transport in the post-pandemic period.

This book brings together reports of original empirical studies which explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban mobility and transportation and the associated policy responses. Focusing on the California region, the book draws on this local experience to formulate general lessons for other regions and metropolitan areas. The book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has had different impacts on vulnerable populations in cities. It explores the pandemic's impacts on the transportation industry, in particular public transit, but also on other industries and economic interests that rely on transportation, such as freight trucking, retail and food industries, and the gig-economy. It investigates the effect of the viral outbreak on automobile traffic and associated air quality and traffic safety, as well as on alternative forms of work, shopping, and travel which have developed to accommodate the conditions it has forced on society.With quantitative data supported with illustrations and graphs, transportation professionals, policymakers and students can use this book to learn about policies and strategies that may instigate positive change in urban transport in the post-pandemic period.

This book covers multiple dimensions of future mobility systems in smart cities, mapping out the innovations that are needed, presenting ideas on how to address the challenges they present and exploring a holistic research path for future developments. The book considers the interaction between:technological developments in modes of transport and transportation systems like autonomous systems and shared mobility that lead to emerging mobility systems;the social behavior of the drivers and travelers who interact with these systems; andthe institutional behavior of organized units such as the administrators responsible for the policies involved with transportation governance and regulation.Transportation Mobility in Smart Cities provides methods to analyze, design, and optimize a mobility system, taking into consideration this constellation of social and institutional factors as well as the necessary technological requirements. The result is a mobility system that will be acceptable to travelers without imposing undue inequities in transportation on the smart city.The holistic approach taken in addressing the problems involved with establishing a mobility system within a smart city makes this book attractive to researchers and practitioners, technologists, and policy makers alike. Graduate students working in areas connected with the evolution of transportation systems will also find the material presented in this book instructive.

This book discusses machine learning and AI in real-time image processing for road transportation and traffic management. There is a growing need for affordable solutions that make use of cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT). The efficiency, sustainability, and safety of transport networks can be greatly increased by implementing an Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML)-based smart road transport system. Install sensors on roadways and intersections to gather data on traffic conditions in real time, such as vehicle density, speed, and flow. Predicting traffic patterns is done by analyzing the gathered data using machine learning algorithms. This can lessen traffic, enhance overall traffic management, and optimize traffic signal timings. Vehicles equipped with Internet of Things devices can have their health monitored in real time. Parameters including lane changes, brake condition, tire pressure, and engine performance can all be monitored by sensors. Based on the gathered data, ML models are used to forecast probable maintenance problems. By scheduling preventive maintenance, failures can be avoided and overall road safety can be increased. Create a smartphone app that would enable drivers to locate parking spots in their area. To forecast parking availability based on past data, the time of day, and special events, apply machine learning algorithms. Integrate Internet of Things (IoT) sensors into fleet vehicles to monitor their performance, location, and fuel consumption. To maximize fleet efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and plan routes more effectively, apply machine learning algorithms. Train ML models to forecast the quickest and most efficient routes with the help of historical data analysis. Route recommendations for drivers or fleet management systems can be constantly adjusted with real-time updates, which contain real-time data on road conditions, accidents, and construction. To guarantee smooth integration and efficient implementation, government organizations, transportation providers, and technology firms must work together.

This book discusses machine learning and AI in real-time image processing for road transportation and traffic management. There is a growing need for affordable solutions that make use of cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT). The efficiency, sustainability, and safety of transport networks can be greatly increased by implementing an Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML)-based smart road transport system. Install sensors on roadways and intersections to gather data on traffic conditions in real time, such as vehicle density, speed, and flow. Predicting traffic patterns is done by analyzing the gathered data using machine learning algorithms. This can lessen traffic, enhance overall traffic management, and optimize traffic signal timings. Vehicles equipped with Internet of Things devices can have their health monitored in real time. Parameters including lane changes, brake condition, tire pressure, and engine performance can all be monitored by sensors. Based on the gathered data, ML models are used to forecast probable maintenance problems. By scheduling preventive maintenance, failures can be avoided and overall road safety can be increased. Create a smartphone app that would enable drivers to locate parking spots in their area. To forecast parking availability based on past data, the time of day, and special events, apply machine learning algorithms. Integrate Internet of Things (IoT) sensors into fleet vehicles to monitor their performance, location, and fuel consumption. To maximize fleet efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and plan routes more effectively, apply machine learning algorithms. Train ML models to forecast the quickest and most efficient routes with the help of historical data analysis. Route recommendations for drivers or fleet management systems can be constantly adjusted with real-time updates, which contain real-time data on road conditions, accidents, and construction. To guarantee smooth integration and efficient implementation, government organizations, transportation providers, and technology firms must work together.

This book contains proceedings of Eurobrake 2025, the world's leading event serving the brake and friction technical community.EuroBrake was established in 2012, to create a high profile, annual technical conference and leadership event for the brake and friction technical community.  It is the annual opportunity for the world’s brake and friction technology community to come together in the pursuit of technological advancement, knowledge share, corporate visibility and networking with its international peer group. Now entering its thirteenth year EuroBrake is now established as the world’s largest technical event of its kind, attracting 1,000 delegates, a significant technical programme of more than 100 technical presentations and 100 exhibitors representing the entire value chain. This proceedings contains high-quality content with a growing emphasis on cutting-edge research, innovative technology, and environmentally friendly materials and approaches.

This book offers a clear and realistic look at Electric Road Systems (ERS) and their potential to transform electric mobility in Asia. It explains how on-the-move charging can work on existing roads and addresses the policy, planning, and technical gaps faced by countries like India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Thailand. The book simplifies key ERS technologies—inductive, conductive, and hybrid systems—and shows how they integrate with grids, renewable energy, and AI-based management. It provides regional case studies, readiness assessments, and deployment strategies tailored to Asian traffic, infrastructure, and regulations. Environmental, safety, and financial considerations are explored alongside advanced concepts such as digital twins, IoT monitoring, and smart-city integration. Designed for researchers, engineers, policymakers, and students, this book offers a grounded, practical, and forward-looking guide to ERS adoption in Asia.

This book discusses recent changes in the European legislation for exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. It starts with a comprehensive explanation of both the structure and range of applicability of new regulations, such as Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light-duty vehicles and Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles. Then it introduces the most important issues in in-service conformity and conformity of production for vehicles, describing the latest procedures for performing exhaust emissions tests under both bench and operating conditions. Subsequently, it reports on portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) and their application for assessing the emissions of gaseous and particulate matter alike, under actual operating conditions and in all transport modes. Lastly, the book presents selected findings from exhaust emissions research on engines for a variety of transport vehicles, such as light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as non-road vehicles, which include farm tractors, groundwork and forest machinery, diesel locomotives, high-rail vehicles, combat vehicles and special-purpose vehicles. This work offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals dealing with environmental regulations and vehicle manufacturing in the European Union.

Since 1950, the Highway Capacity Manual has been a standard used in theplanning, design, analysis, and operation of virtually any highway traffic facilityin the United States. It has also been widely used abroad, and has spurred thedevelopment of similar manuals in other countries.The twin concepts of capacity and level of service have been developedin the manual, and methodologies have been presented that allow highwaytraffic facilities to be designed on a common basis, and allow for the analysis ofoperational quality under various traffic demand scenarios. The manual alsoaddresses related pedestrian, bicycle, and transit issues. This book details the fundamental development of the concepts ofcapacity and level of service, and of the specific methodologies developed todescribe them over a wide range of facility types. The book is comprised of twovolumes. Volume 1 (this book) focuses on the development of basic principles,and their application to uninterrupted flow facilities: freeways, multilanehighways, and two-lane highways. Weaving, merging, and diverging segmentson freeways and multilane highways are also discussed in detail. Volume 2focuses on interrupted flow facilities: signalized and unsignalized intersections, urban streets and arterials. It is intended to help users of the manual understand how concepts,approaches, and specific methodologies were developed, and to understand theunderlying principles that each embodies. It is also intended to act as a basicreference for current and future researchers who will continue to developnewand improved capacity analysis methodologies for many years to come.

This book presents a history of roundabouts, an introduction to their design, calculations of their capacity and traffic-safety features. It describes the key features of standard roundabouts and their limitations. Alternative types of roundabouts are a fairly recent development and have only been implemented in a few countries to date. The book illustrates a broad variety of these recent alternative types of roundabouts, as well as proposed types still in the development phase, explaining for each the specific needs it meets, its advantages and drawbacks. In closing, the book offers an outlook on the role of roundabouts in future street traffic.

This book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.

This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.

The book includes peer-reviewed contributions selected from presentations given at the Istanbul Bridge Conference 2014, held from August 11 – 13 in Istanbul, Turkey. It reports on the current challenges in bridge engineering faced by professionals around the globe, giving a special emphasis to recently developed techniques, innovations and opportunities. The book covers key topics in the field, including modeling and analysis methods; construction and erection techniques; design for extreme events and condition assessment and structural health monitoring. There is a balanced presentation of theory, research and practice. This book, which provides the readers with a comprehensive and timely reference guide on current practices in bridge engineering, is intended for professionals, academic researchers and students alike.

This book shows how transit assignment models can be used to describe and predict the patterns of network patronage in public transport systems. It provides a fundamental technical tool that can be employed in the process of designing, implementing and evaluating measures and/or policies to improve the current state of transport systems within given financial, technical and social constraints. The book offers a unique methodological contribution to the field of transit assignment because, moving beyond “traditional” models, it describes more evolved variants that can reproduce:• intermodal networks with high- and low-frequency services;• realistic behavioural hypotheses underpinning route choice;• time dependency in frequency-based models; and• assumptions about the knowledge that users have of network conditionsthat are consistent with the present and future level of information that intelligent transport systems (ITS) can provide. The book also considers the practical perspective of practitioners and public transport operators who need to model and manage transit systems; for example, the role of ITS is explained with regard to their potential in data collection for modelling purposes and validation techniques, as well as with regard to the additional data on network patronage and passengers’ preferences that influences the network-management and control strategies implemented. In addition, it explains how the different aspects of network operations can be incorporated in traditional models and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of doing so. Lastly, the book provides practical information on state-of-the-art implementations of the different models and the commercial packages that are currently available for transit modelling. Showcasing original work done under the aegis of the COST Action TU1004 (TransITS), the book provides a broad readership, ranging from Master and PhD students to researchers and from policy makers to practitioners, with a comprehensive tool for understanding transit assignment models.

Since 1950, the Highway Capacity Manual has been a standard used in theplanning, design, analysis, and operation of virtually any highway traffic facilityin the United States. It has also been widely used abroad, and has spurred thedevelopment of similar manuals in other countries.The twin concepts of capacity and level of service have been developedin the manual, and methodologies have been presented that allow highwaytraffic facilities to be designed on a common basis, and allow for the analysis ofoperational quality under various traffic demand scenarios. The manual alsoaddresses related pedestrian, bicycle, and transit issues. This book details the fundamental development of the concepts ofcapacity and level of service, and of the specific methodologies developed todescribe them over a wide range of facility types. The book is comprised of twovolumes. Volume 1 (this book) focuses on the development of basic principles,and their application to uninterrupted flow facilities: freeways, multilanehighways, and two-lane highways. Weaving, merging, and diverging segmentson freeways and multilane highways are also discussed in detail. Volume 2focuses on interrupted flow facilities: signalized and unsignalized intersections, urban streets and arterials. It is intended to help users of the manual understand how concepts,approaches, and specific methodologies were developed, and to understand theunderlying principles that each embodies. It is also intended to act as a basicreference for current and future researchers who will continue to developnewand improved capacity analysis methodologies for many years to come.

The book includes peer-reviewed contributions selected from presentations given at the Istanbul Bridge Conference 2014, held from August 11 – 13 in Istanbul, Turkey.

This book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.

This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.

This book presents a history of roundabouts, an introduction to their design, calculations of their capacity and traffic-safety features. It describes the key features of standard roundabouts and their limitations. Alternative types of roundabouts are a fairly recent development and have only been implemented in a few countries to date. The book illustrates a broad variety of these recent alternative types of roundabouts, as well as proposed types still in the development phase, explaining for each the specific needs it meets, its advantages and drawbacks. In closing, the book offers an outlook on the role of roundabouts in future street traffic.

This book discusses recent changes in the European legislation for exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. It starts with a comprehensive explanation of both the structure and range of applicability of new regulations, such as Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light-duty vehicles and Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles. Then it introduces the most important issues in in-service conformity and conformity of production for vehicles, describing the latest procedures for performing exhaust emissions tests under both bench and operating conditions. Subsequently, it reports on portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) and their application for assessing the emissions of gaseous and particulate matter alike, under actual operating conditions and in all transport modes. Lastly, the book presents selected findings from exhaust emissions research on engines for a variety of transport vehicles, such as light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as non-road vehicles, which include farm tractors, groundwork and forest machinery, diesel locomotives, high-rail vehicles, combat vehicles and special-purpose vehicles. This work offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals dealing with environmental regulations and vehicle manufacturing in the European Union.