Synthesis Lectures on Materials and Optics – serie

Machine learning methods are changing the way we design and discover new materials. This book provides an overview of approaches successfully used in addressing materials problems (alloys, ferroelectrics, dielectrics) with a focus on probabilistic methods, such as Gaussian processes, to accurately estimate density functions.

References are given to guide the reader to more advanced study in these fields.Discussions of the physics of photonic and phononic crystals focus on the transmission properties of optical and acoustic radiation arising from their diffractive interaction in these engineered materials.

Over the last two decades, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has undoubtedly had a considerable impact in unraveling the structures and dynamics of microbial surfaces with nanometer resolution, and under physiological conditions. Moreover, the continuous innovations in AFM-based modalities as well as the combination of AFM with modern optical techniques, such as confocal fluorescence microscopy or Raman spectroscopy, increased the diversity and volume of data that can be acquired in an experiment. It is evident that these combinations provide new ways to investigate a broad spectrum of microbiological processes at the level of single cells. In this book, I have endeavored to highlight the wealth of AFM-based modalities that have been implemented over the recent years leading to the multiparametric and multifunctional characterization of, specifically, bacterial surfaces. Examples include the real-time imaging of the nanoscale organization of cell walls, the quantification of subcellular chemical heterogeneities, the mapping and functional analysis of individual cell wall constituents, and the probing of the nanomechanical properties of living bacteria. It is expected that in the near future more AFM-based modalities and complementary techniques will be combined into single experiments to address pertinent problems and challenges in microbial research. Such improvements may make it possible to address the dynamic nature of many more microbial cell surfaces and their constituents, including the restructuring of cellular membranes, pores and transporters, signaling of cell membrane receptors, and formation of cell-adhesion complexes. Ultimately, manifold discoveries and engineering possibilities will materialize as multiparametric tools allow systems of increasing complexity to be probed and manipulated.

Next, extended functionalities such as arbitrary polarization holography, vectorial holography, full-color holography, and hybrid holography achieved in the metasurface platform are presented.

This book, Introduction to Optics I: Interaction of Light with Matter, is the first book in a series of four covering the introduction to optics and optical components. The author's targeted goal for this series is to provide clarity for the reader by addressing common difficulties encountered while trying to understand various optics concepts. This first book is organized and written in a way that is easy to follow, and is meant to be an excellent first book on optics, eventually leading the way for further study. Those with technical backgrounds as well as undergraduate students studying optics for the first time can benefit from this book series.The current book includes three chapters on light and its characteristics (Chapter 1), on matter from the standpoint of optics (Chapter 2), and on the interaction of light with matter (Chapter 3). Among the characteristics of light, the ones characterizing its speed, color, and strength are covered. The polarization of light will be covered in the next book of the series, where we discuss optical components. Chapter 2 discusses various atomic and molecular transitions activated by light (optical transitions). Different kinds of natural bulk material media are described: crystalline and amorphous, atomic and molecular, conductive and insulating. Chapter 3 on the interaction of light with matter describes naturally occurring phenomena such as absorption, dispersion, and nonlinear optical interactions. The discussion is provided for the natural bulk optical materials only. The interfaces between various materials will be covered in the next book on optical components.The following three books of the series are planned as follows. In the second book, we will focus on passive optical components such as lenses, mirrors, guided-wave, and polarization optical devices. In the third book, we will discuss laser sources and optical amplifiers. Finally, the fourth book in the series will cover optoelectronic devices, such as semiconductor light sources and detectors.

Some of the advantages of the 3D cancer systems over their 2D counterparts include improved interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as restricted drug penetration which would allow optimization of treatments prior to undertaking of in vivo studies.

Atomically precise metal nanocluster research has emerged as a new frontier. The book should be accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in various fields (e.g., chemistry, physics, materials, biomedicine, and engineering), R&D scientists, and science policy makers.

Having understood the merits and disadvantages of the "merging" scheme, we then introduce in Chapter 3 another approach to realize bifunctional metadevices under linearly polarized excitations, working in both reflection and transmission geometries or even in the full space.

Singlet Oxygen, the lowest electronically excited state of molecular oxygen, is highly reactive and involved in many chemical and biological processes.

The process of heating and reshaping plastics sheet and film materials has been in use since the beginning of the plastics industry. Table of Contents: Introduction / Plastics Materials / Thermoforming Process Overview / The Forming Process / Part Design Mold / Tool Design / Quality Control Issues / Lean Operations / Environmental Issues

The book systematically accounts for the scientific and technological problems of nanostructured silicon in the form of porous and black silicon. Porous silicon addresses crystalline silicon with nanopores and black silicon with nanoneedles.

The book systematically accounts for the scientific and technological problems of nanostructured silicon in the form of porous and black silicon. Porous silicon addresses crystalline silicon with nanopores and black silicon with nanoneedles.

This book covers the industrial aspects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for solid-state lighting (SSL). The book starts by addressing the needs that new engineers encounter in an LED company, e.g., characterization, manufacturing, and applications.

This book covers the industrial aspects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for solid-state lighting (SSL). The author targets his approach primarily to industrial engineers, in order to guide them in the LED industry. The coverage is highly-applied and based on author’s 32 years of experience in the LED industry and academia. The book starts by addressing the needs that new engineers encounter in an LED company, e.g., characterization, manufacturing, and applications. Later chapters introduce deeper science for more experienced engineers and academic readers. As a result, this book can benefit LED engineers throughout their career.

The book provides information about actual products and processes with the intent of understanding practical issues in the industry, which makes the book a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field of thermoforming, including manufacturing, managers, process engineers, and quality engineers.

This second edition serves as a foundational guide to plastics thermoforming, covering the essential topics of the industry today. The authors take a process application approach to the topic, rather than focusing on theory. The book explains materials and processes, as well as part and tool design. This second edition includes thorough discussion of green plastics within an expanded chapter on environmental issues. The authors also cover quality control, which is critical to any operation. The book provides information about actual products and processes with the intent of understanding practical issues in the industry, which makes the book a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field of thermoforming, including manufacturing, managers, process engineers, and quality engineers. This second edition expands upon the original book and brings it up to date with additional data and key updates.

This book describes the status of research and development in the field of high-temperature superconductivity reached in the mid of the twenty-twenties. Starting from the milestones in the history of superconductivity, the main characteristics of the superconducting state are presented. Special physical properties of high-temperature superconductors are highlighted. Main classes of superconducting materials are introduced with the focus on high-temperature superconductors (cuprates and iron-based superconductors) and MgB2. Besides the material properties relevant for applications, the deposition of superconductor films and the manufacture of high-temperature superconductor wires are described. An outlook toward the future is included, covering potential applications of high-temperature superconductors in magnet technology and the electric power system.

This book describes the status of research and development in the field of high-temperature superconductivity reached in the mid of the twenty-twenties. Starting from the milestones in the history of superconductivity, the main characteristics of the superconducting state are presented. Special physical properties of high-temperature superconductors are highlighted. Main classes of superconducting materials are introduced with the focus on high-temperature superconductors (cuprates and iron-based superconductors) and MgB2. Besides the material properties relevant for applications, the deposition of superconductor films and the manufacture of high-temperature superconductor wires are described. An outlook toward the future is included, covering potential applications of high-temperature superconductors in magnet technology and the electric power system.

This book presents a study of the fundamental properties of optical and acoustic materials, which have been of recent interest in nanoscience and device technology. With the addition of a new chapter, this Second Edition is an essential resource on the topic, appropriate for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and researchers. The author begins by reviewing the basic theories of electrodynamics and acoustics and applying them to basic examples. The formulations are extended and developed for the determinations of the modes in photonic and phononic crystals. The book then introduces, discusses, and provides examples of the applications of electromagnetic and acoustic waveguides as well as acoustic and electromagnetic metamaterials. The author also covers the physics of surface electromagnetic and acoustic waves. This Second Edition includes a new chapter introducing topological concepts and the theory and applications of electromagnetic and acoustic metasurfaces.