WSP/ZHEJIANG – serie

Probability theory is a discipline that studies the quantitative regularity of random phenomena. The fact that random phenomena arise, especially in the era of big data and artificial intelligence, determines the importance of this discipline. This volume introduces various concepts that quantitatively describe random phenomena, including probability, random variables, distribution functions, density functions, mathematical expectations, variances, moments, and characteristic functions. It finishes off by presenting probability limit theory, including various convergences.Throughout the volume, great importance is attached to the elaboration of probability thoughts. For this reason, some practical examples to illustrate the introduced concept are always used. In order to meet the needs of different levels of readers, there is a section on Supplements and Notes at the end of each chapter to enhance and expand the content in the body of the textbook. This volume contains a large number of problems of varying levels for the reader with the purpose to review, consolidate, deepen and expand their knowledge.As the only branch of mathematics that studies the quantitative regularity of random phenomena, probability theory has not only theoretical significance, but it is also a main theoretical basis of mathematical statistics. Therefore, it will be of interest to scholars from other disciplines related to random phenomena.

In recent years, China has taken a number of effective measures to strengthen the supervision of food quality and safety, but food safety incidents still occur sometimes. The recurrence and intractability of such incidents suggest that, in addition to the imperfect supervision system, the greatest obstacle to China's food quality safety management is that China's “farm to fork” food supply chain has too many stages, the members on the supply chain have not form a stable strategic and cooperative relation, and on the other hand, during the transitional period, some practitioners lack social responsibility. Therefore, China's food quality safety management and the establishment of food quality and safety traceability system should follow the development trend of international food quality and safety supervision, and should combine with the establishment of China's agricultural industrialization and standardization, integrate China's existing but isolated effective measures, such as the establishment of bases for the implementation of the system of claiming certificates or invoices, for the performance of Management Regulations for Pig Slaughtering and Quarantine Inspection in Designated Places, and for the conduct of World Expo, as well as the establishment of market access system, take into consideration the demand, the dynamic mechanism, and the performance of important measures of food supply chain members for food quality and safety control, as well as the difficulties and the deep-seated reasons in the implementation process of such measures.To this end, this book chooses important agricultural products of vegetables, pork and aquatic products as the subjects investigated. From an “integrated” vertical perspective of the supply chain and according to the degree of industrialization of different products, focusing on the key links of quality and safety control of vegetables, pork and aquatic products, this book carries out empirical analysis of the construction of food quality and safety control system, such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) quality control system and food quality and safety traceability system, deeply analyzes and straightens out the dynamic mechanism and the performance of different business entities implementing the food quality and safety management system, as well as the bottleneck and deep-seated causes of promoting advanced experience of pilot areas and enterprises in China, and put forward ideas and suggestions of establishing long-term effective food quality and safety management system with regard to vegetables, pork, and aquatic products, which can provide scientific basis for the government to design food quality and safety management policies.

This series is designed to support students preparing for senior high school entrance examinations. It systematically presents key concepts, axioms, theorems, corollaries, and problems in geometry, based primarily on middle school content while extending to more challenging exam-oriented applications.The book emphasizes visual learning and deep understanding. Most problems are presented through geometric figures, with brief explanations provided only when necessary. Readers are encouraged to interpret the figures independently to strengthen geometric intuition and problem-solving skills.The level of difficulty is comparable to the more challenging problems in standard textbooks and typical senior high school entrance examination questions.

This series is designed to support students preparing for senior high school entrance examinations. It systematically presents key concepts, axioms, theorems, corollaries, and problems in geometry, based primarily on middle school content while extending to more challenging exam-oriented applications.The book emphasizes visual learning and deep understanding. Most problems are presented through geometric figures, with brief explanations provided only when necessary. Readers are encouraged to interpret the figures independently to strengthen geometric intuition and problem-solving skills.The level of difficulty is comparable to the more challenging problems in standard textbooks and typical senior high school entrance examination questions.

This series is designed for students preparing for selective admission into key high schools through independent enrollment programs and strong foundation tracks. Its content is closely aligned with the level and style of mathematical competition problems.It systematically organizes key concepts, axioms, theorems, corollaries, and advanced problems in geometry, primarily based on middle school mathematics but extending to competition-level depth. The book emphasizes visual reasoning and problem-solving, with most questions presented through geometric figures and minimal explanatory text.This book is intended for students with strong mathematical ability and is comparable in difficulty to problems found in high school independent enrollment examinations and mathematics competition-style assessments.