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    1. Naturvetenskap och teknik
    2. Teknik och industri
    3. Energiteknik

    Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies

    The Problem, its Characterisation and Effects on Particular Alloy Classes

    AvRichard P Gangloff,Brian P Somerday

    Häftad, Engelska, 2016

    Del i serien Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering

    2 952 kr

    Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

    Beskrivning

    Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.

    Volume 1 is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of the hydrogen embrittlement problem in specific technologies including petrochemical refining, automotive hydrogen tanks, nuclear waste disposal and power systems, and H2 storage and distribution facilities. Part two then examines modern methods of characterization and analysis of hydrogen damage and part three focuses on the hydrogen degradation of various alloy classes

    With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 1 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation.

    • Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure
    • Reviews how hydrogen embrittlement affects particular sectors such as the petrochemicals, automotive and nuclear industries
    • Discusses how hydrogen embrittlement can be characterised and its effects on particular alloy classes

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2016-08-19
    • Mått:156 x 234 x 47 mm
    • Vikt:1 190 g
    • Format:Häftad
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Serie:Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering
    • Antal sidor:864
    • Förlag:Elsevier Science
    • ISBN:9780081016237

    Utforska kategorier

    • Energiteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Innehållsförteckning

    • Contributor contact detailsIntroductionPart I: The hydrogen embrittlement problemChapter 1: Hydrogen production and containmentAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) stationary vessels in hydrogen service1.3 Department of Transportation (DOT) steel transport vessels1.4 Fracture mechanics method for steel hydrogen vessel design1.5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) stationary composite vessels1.6 Composite transport vessels1.7 Hydrogen pipelines1.8 Gaseous hydrogen leakage1.9 Joint design and selection1.10 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code leak and pressure testingChapter 2: Hydrogen-induced disbonding and embrittlement of steels used in petrochemical refiningAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Petrochemical refining2.3 Problems during/after cooling of reactors2.4 Effect of hydrogen content on mechanical properties2.5 ConclusionChapter 3: Assessing hydrogen embrittlement in automotive hydrogen tanksAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Experimental details3.3 Results and discussion3.4 Conclusions and future trendsChapter 4: Gaseous hydrogen issues in nuclear waste disposalAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Nature of nuclear wastes and their disposal environments4.3 Gaseous hydrogen issues in the disposal of high activity wastesChapter 5: Hydrogen embrittlement in nuclear power systemsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Experimental methods5.3 Environmental factors5.4 Metallurgical effects5.5 Conclusions5.6 AcknowledgementsChapter 6: Standards and codes to control hydrogen-induced cracking in pressure vessels and pipes for hydrogen gas storage and transportAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Basic code selected for pressure vessels6.3 Code for piping and pipelines6.4 Additional code requirements for high pressure hydrogen applications6.5 Methods for calculating the design cyclic (fatigue) life6.6 Example of crack growth in a high pressure hydrogen environment6.7 Summary and conclusionsPart II: Characterisation and analysis of hydrogen embrittlementChapter 7: Fracture and fatigue test methods in hydrogen gasAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 General considerations for conducting tests in external hydrogen7.3 Test methods7.4 Conclusions7.5 AcknowledgementsChapter 8: Mechanics of modern test methods and quantitative-accelerated testing for hydrogen embrittlementAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 General aspects of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) testing8.3 Smooth specimens8.4 Pre-cracked specimens – the fracture mechanics (FM) approach to stress corrosion cracking (SCC)8.5 Limitations of the linear elastic fracture mechanics (FM) approach8.6 Future trends8.7 ConclusionsChapter 9: Metallographic and fractographic techniques for characterising and understanding hydrogen-assisted cracking of metalsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Characterisation of microstructures and hydrogen distributions9.3 Crack paths with respect to microstructure9.4 Characterising fracture-surface appearance (and interpretation of features)9.5 Determining fracture-surface crystallography9.6 Characterising slip-distributions and strains around cracks9.7 Determining the effects of solute hydrogen on dislocation activity9.8 Determining the effects of adsorbed hydrogen on surfaces9.9 In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of fracture in thin foils and other TEM studies9.10 ‘Critical’ experiments for determining mechanisms of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC9.11 Proposed mechanisms of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC)9.12 Conclusions9.13 AcknowledgementsChapter 10: Fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life of metals exposed to hydrogenAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Effect of hydrogen on total-life fatigue testing and fatigue crack growth (FCG) threshold stress intensity range10.3 Mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation (FCI)10.4 Conclusions10.5 Future trends in total-life design of structural componentsChapter 11: Effects of hydrogen on fatigue-crack propagation in steelsAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Materials and experimental methods11.3 Effect of hydrogen on the fatigue behavior of martensitic SCM435 Cr–Mo steel11.4 Effect of hydrogen on fatigue-crack growth behavior in austenitic stainless steels11.5 Effects of hydrogen on fatigue behavior in lower-strength bainitic/ferritic/martensitic steels11.6 Summary and conclusions11.7 Acknowledgement11.9 AppendixPart III: The hydrogen embrittlement of alloy classesChapter 12: Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steelsAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Microstructures of martensitic high strength steels12.3 Effects of hydrogen on crack growth12.4 Discussion of microstructural effects12.5 ConclusionsChapter 13: Hydrogen trapping phenomena in martensitic steelsAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Hydrogen in the normal lattice of pure iron13.3 Theoretical treatments for diffusion in a lattice containing trap sites13.4 Experimental and simulation techniques for measurement of trapping parameters13.5 Hydrogen trapping at lattice defects in martensitic steels13.6 Design of nano-sized alloy carbides as beneficial trap sites to enhance resistance to hydrogen embrittlement13.7 ConclusionsChapter 14: Hydrogen embrittlement of carbon steels and their weldsAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Hydrogen solubility and diffusivity in carbon steels14.3 Mechanical properties of carbon steels and their welds in high pressure hydrogen14.4 Important factors in hydrogen gas embrittlement14.5 Hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in low strength carbon steels14.6 Future research needs14.7 Conclusions14.8 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 15: Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steels and their weldsAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 The family of high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steels15.3 The welding of high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steels15.4 Mechanical effect of hydrogen on high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steels15.5 ConclusionsChapter 16: Hydrogen embrittlement of stainless steels and their weldsAbstract:16.1 Introduction16.2 Fundamentals of austenitic stainless steels16.3 Hydrogen transport16.4 Environment test methods16.5 Models and mechanisms16.6 Observations of hydrogen-assisted fracture16.7 Trends in hydrogen-assisted fracture16.8 Conclusions and future trends16.9 AcknowledgmentsChapter 17: Hydrogen embrittlement of nickel, cobalt and iron-based superalloysAbstract:17.1 Introduction17.2 Hydrogen transport properties in superalloys17.3 Hydrogen gas effects on mechanical properties of superalloys17.4 Important factors in hydrogen embrittlement17.5 Future trends17.6 ConclusionsChapter 18: Hydrogen effects in titanium alloysAbstract:18.1 Introduction18.2 Terminology, classification and properties of titanium alloys18.3 Hydrogen embrittlement behavior in different classes of titanium alloys18.4 Hydrogen trapping in titanium alloys18.5 Positive effects in titanium alloys18.6 Summary and conclusionsChapter 19: Hydrogen embrittlement of aluminum and aluminum-based alloysAbstract:19.1 Introduction: scope and objective19.2 Hydrogen interactions in Al alloy systems (experiment and modeling)19.3 Gaseous hydrogen and hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) in Al-based alloys19.4 Mechanisms of hydrogen-assisted cracking in Al-based systems19.5 Improvement of the hydrogen resistant Al-base alloys based on metallurgical, surface engineering or environmental chemistry modifications19.6 Needs, gaps and opportunities in Al-based systems19.7 Future trends19.8 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 20: Hydrogen-induced degradation of rubber sealsAbstract:20.1 Introduction20.2 Example of cracking of a rubber O-ring used in a high pressure hydrogen storage vessel20.3 Effect of filler on blister damage to rubber sealing materials in high pressure hydrogen gas20.4 Influence of gaseous hydrogen on the degradation of a rubber sealing material20.5 Testing of the durability of a rubber O-ring by using a high pressure hydrogen durability tester20.6 Additional work required and future plans20.7 Conclusions20.8 AcknowledgementIndex