Noncommutative Geometry

"...A milestone for mathematics. Connes has created a theory that embraces most aspects of 'classical' mathematics and sets us out on a long and exciting voyage into the world of noncommutative mathematics."The book contains a colourful account of the meaning of the term 'non-commutative space,' based on an extraordinary wealth of examples, including the set of all Penrose tilings, the space of leaves of a foliation, the quantum Hall effect and an intriguing non-commutative model of four-dimensional space-time that reproduces the standard model of elementary particles from quite general considerations..."The reader of the book should not expect proofs of theorems. This is much more a tapestry of beautiful mathematics and physics which contains material to intrigue readers with any mathematical background. At the same time there is a comprehensive bibliography that will lead the reader straight to the sources and proofs of the results."--VAUGHAN F.R. JONES, University of California, Berkeley"This beautiful, ambitious, and erudite book explains, through many examples, the phenomena, tools, and some of the applications of noncommutative geometry...The book is written in a way that anyone can get some of the feeling and ideas of the subject...Connes has accomplished the wonderful feat of explaining in a simple and coherent way 20 years (or so) of his impressive work. I recommend this book most highly." --Jonathan Block, THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1998

• Noncommutative Spaces and Measure Theory: Heisenberg and the Noncommutative Algebra of Physical Quantities Associated to a Microscopic System. Statistical State of a Macroscopic System and Quantum Statistical Mechanics. Modular Theory and the Classification of Factors. Geometric Examples of von Neumann Algebras: Measure Theory of Noncommutative Spaces. The Index Theorem for Measured Foliations. Topology and K-Theory: C*-Algebras and their K-Theory. Elementary Examples of Quotient Spaces. The Space X of Penrose Tilings. Duals of Discrete Groups and the Novikov Conjecture. The Tangent Groupoid of a Manifold. Wrong-way Functionality in K-Theory as a Deformation. The Orbit Space of a GroupAction. The Leaf Space of a Foliation. The Longitudinal Index Theorem for Foliations. The Analytic Assembly Map and Lie Groups. Cyclic Cohomology and Differential Geometry: Cyclic Cohomology. Examples. Pairing of Cyclic Cohomology with K-Theory. The Higher Index Theorem for Covering Spaces. The Novikov Conjecture for Hyperbolic Groups. Factors of Type III, Cyclic Cohomology and the Godbillon-Vey Invariant. The Transverse Fundamental Class for Foliations and Geometric Corollaries. QuantizedCalculus: Quantized Differential Calculus and Cyclic Cohomology. The Dixmier Trace and the Hochschild Class of the Character. Quantized Calculus in One Variable and Fractal Sets. Conformal Manifolds. Fredholm Modules and Rank-One Discrete Groups. Elliptic Theory on the Noncommutative Torus (NOTE: See book for proper symbol. Math T with a 2 over () and the Quantum Hall Effect. Entire Cyclic Cohomology. The Chern Character of (-Summable Fredholm Modules. (-Summable K-Cycles, Discrete Groups, and Quantum Field Theory. Operator Algebras: The Papers of Murray and von Neumann. Representations of C*-Algebras. The Algebraic Framework for Noncommutative Integration and the Theory of Weights. The Factors of Powers, Araki and Woods,and of Krieger. The Radon-Nikodom Theorem and Factors of Type III(. Noncommutative Ergodic Theory. Amenable von Neumann Algebras. The Flow of Weights: mod(M). The Classification of Amenable Factors. Subfactors of Type II1 Factors. Hecke Algebras ,Type III Factors and Statistical Theory of Prime Numbers. The Metric Aspect of Noncommutative Geometry: Riemannian Manifolds and the Dirac Operator. Positivity in Hochschild Cohomology and the Inequalities for the Yang-Mills Action. Product of the Continuum by the Discrete and the Symmetry Breaking Mechanism. The Notion of Manifold in Noncommutative Geometry. The Standard U (1) x SU (2) x SU (3) Model. Bibliography. Notation and Conventions. Index.CONTENTS (Chapter Headings): Noncommutative Spaces and Measure Theory. Topology and K-Theory. Cyclic Cohomology and Differential Geometry. Quantized Calculus. Operator Algebras. The Metric Aspect of Noncommutative Geometry. Bibliography. Notation and Conventions. Index.