Educational BackgroundPh. D., University of Maine, Zoology, 1989M.S., University of New Hampshire, Microbiology, 1985B.A., University of New Hampshire, Microbiology, Minor: Zoology, 1983A.S. George Washington University, Medical Laboratory Science, 1977Courses TaughtBiological Oceanography, Physiological Ecology, Marine Biology, Marine Microbiology, General Microbiology, Immunology, Biology and Ecology of Coral ReefsCurrent Research InterestsMy principal focus involve understanding how taxonomically diverse marine organisms respond physiologically to changes in their environment. In particular I'm interested in how organismal physiology can influence the ecology of marine organisms. As a physiological ecologist my students and I answer these types of questions by utilizing field and laboratory experiments, as well as a wide range of techniques from molecular biology to in situ measurements. Currently my research encompasses four major areas;1) Biochemistry and molecular genetics of oxidative stress in marine organisms associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, elevated temperatures, or hyperoxic conditions. 2) Physiological ecology of marine invertebrates and phytoplankton, physiological responses to changes in the environment, bacterial- and algal-invertebrate symbioses, and the trophic biology of suspension-feeding invertebrates.3) Ecology and photobiology of mesophotic coral reefs.4) Underwater technology, use of technical diving for scientific research.

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• Part 1. Learning to Read the Oceans1. Introduction2. Marine Cyanobacterial Genomics3. Eukaryotic Genomics4. Conclusions AcknowledgementsPart 2. Biology of Deep-Water Octocorals1. Introduction2. Classification3. Phylogenetic Relationships4. Biogeography5. Distribution of the Three Major Deep-Sea Families6. Symbionts7. Predators8. Food9. Reproduction10. Growth and Age11. Dispersal12. Threats and Conservation Issues AcknowledgementsPart 3. Tipping Points, Thresholds and the Keystone Role of Physiology in Marine Climate Change Research1. Introduction2. Weather, Climate and Climate Change from the Viewpoint of a Non-Human Organism3. Physiological Response Curves4. Indirect Effects of Climate Change: Species Interactions and Tipping Points5. Putting the Pieces Together: Where Do We Go from Here? AcknowledgementsPart 4. Social Aggregation in the Pelagic Zone with Special Reference to Fish and Invertebrates1. Introduction2. Aggregation Principles and Features in Pelagic Ecosystems3. Technology Breakthroughs in Experimental and Observational Methods4. Theoretical Developments in Social Aggregation5. Social Aggregation, Climate Change and Ocean Management6. Conclusion Acknowledgements