Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Jason Payne-James is a Specialist in Forensic & Legal Medicine and a Consultant Forensic Physician. His clinical, research and academic interests are broad-ranging include documentation and interpretation of injury; evidential sampling; wound and scar interpretation; complaints against healthcare professionals; sexual assault; non-accidental injury; intimate partner violence; non-fatal strangulation; restraint and less-lethal systems; miscarriages of justice; healthcare in detention; cause of death; death investigation; medical negligence; death and harm in custody; and torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. He is Honorary Clinical Professor, William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Lead Medical Examiner at the Norfolk & Norwich Hospitals University NHS Trust; adviser to the UK National Crime Agency; Chair of the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-Lethal weapons; member of the Specialist Advisory Committee of the Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board on forensic & legal medicine; President of the European Council of Legal & Forensic Medicine. He is director of Forensic Healthcare Services Ltd. He is past-President of the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and past-President of the World Police Medical Officers. He was founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine. He has published widely and co-authored or co-edited (amongst others) the Encyclopedia of Forensic & Legal Medicine (1st & 2nd editions); the 13th and 14th Editions of Simpson’s Forensic Medicine, three volumes of Current Practice in Forensic Medicine; the Oxford Handbook of Forensic Medicine; The Medical Examiner System in England & Wales: A Practical Guide; Symptoms & Signs of Substance Misuse (1st, 2nd and 3rd editions) and Forensic & Legal Medicine: Clinical & Pathological Aspects. His clinical and expert practice is based in the UK but he reviews many cases including those in the criminal justice system, deaths and care in state custody and possible miscarriages of justice, in the UK and internationally.Roger Byard is a Senior Specialist Forensic Pathologist. He qualified in medicine in 1978 and then undertook five years of clinical practice including Flying Doctor work in Arnhem Land and qualifying in family practice, as well as studying anthropology at McMaster University, Canada. He is an alumnus of 6 universities: Tasmania, Adelaide, South Australia, McMaster, Toronto and Ottawa. In November 2021 in the Australian National Research Awards he was named a world leader in forensic science and was one of the 12 Australian Global Leaders in research across all disciplines.In 2004 he was awarded the Australian Public Service Medal (PSM) for outstanding service to pediatric pathology, and in 2013 became an Officer in the Order of Australia (AO) for distinguished service to medicine in forensic pathology. In 2016 he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences for distinguished professional achievements and outstanding leadership. In 2018 he received the John Harbor Phillips Award from the National Institute of Forensic Science for outstanding achievement and excellence in the advancement of the forensic sciences. He was registered as an Expert with the International Criminal Court in 2009.In 2016 he received the Distinguished Researcher Award from the International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal/Infant Death. He has received 18 awards for published works from the National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia.He has published over 1,000 chapters and papers/short communications/letters in peer-reviewed journals (>650 first authorships) and in 2021 was in the top 10 of the elite group of highly cited forensic practitioners (out of 100,000 scientists) (Int J Leg Med 2021;135:701-7). He has coedited/written 11 texts.He was the Editor-in-Chief of Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology (2008-2021). He was awarded the Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal for "humanitarian service overseas in hazardous circumstances"), the RCPA medal and the Australian Federal Police Operations Medal for disaster victim identification work in Bali after the bombings (2002) and in Thailand after the tsunami (2004). He has given invited educational forensic workshops/presentations in 34 countries.In 2024 he was nominated in the Australian of the Year Awards and was ranked by ScholarGPS (ID 29056650139391) as leader in both Forensic Science (lifetime) and in Medical Jurisprudence (prior five years).

Praise for the first edition:Winner of The Society of Authors and the Royal Society of Medicine Minty Book Prize 20062006 British Medical Association Medical Book Competition - HIGHLY COMMENDED"Truly encyclopaedic and is a 'must have' reference work." --Dr. Neville Davis, President of the Medico-Legal Society"The Encyclopaedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine provides a valuable reference tool for professionals of all disciplines.... This work will be heavily relied upon by those working in forensic and legal medicine and related fields." - Dr. Anthony Bleetman, Consultant in Accident and Emergency Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Surgery, University of Birmingham, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Primary Health Care Studies, University of Warwick"An excellent resource for professionals working in forensics, lawyers, or medical/graduate students interested in forensic training. Summing Up: Highly recommended." --CHOICE Library Journal"Highly authoritative, comprehensive, and diverse.... The Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine is a veritable forensic library. I would recommend it to forensic pathologists, general pathologists, pediatric pathologists, forensic physicians, forensic scientists, coroners, forensic investigators, emergency department physicians, police surgeons, homicide detectives, prosecutors, judges, legal practitioners, pediatricians, primary care physicians, and psychiatrists." - Journal of the American Medical AssociationThis impressive four-volume VADE MECUM (reference manual) ... is both comprehensive and timely." --Michael M. Baden, MD, New England Journal of Medicine"This book is an ambitious undertaking and on the whole I (as a forensic physician) am going to find it very useful." --Dr. Lesley Lord, Science and Justice, 2006

• Age EstimationAllergiesAnimal Attacks and InjuriesBone Pathology and Antemortem TraumaDNA and anthropology, Sex Determination, Racial Affinity Determination, Blood GroupingAsphyxiaAutopsyCarbon Monoxide PoisoningChildren, Stages of Development and Growth, Legal Protection and RightsSudden Natural Infant and Childhood DeathComa, Definitions and Differential DiagnosesComputer Crime and Digital EvidenceMental Capacity AssessmentCrime-Scene Investigation and Examination, Major Incident Scene Management, Underwater Crime ScenesRecovery of Human RemainsSuspicious DeathsCriminal ProfilingMurder, Manslaughter, Homicide and Attempts Decomposition, Patterns and RatesDomestic ViolenceElectric Shocks and Electrocution, Clinical Effects and PathologyExtremes of TemperatureFire Investigation, Evidence RecoveryForensic Interviewing, Forensic Psychiatric Assessment, Preparation of WitnessesMental Handicap and Learning DisabilityDrug and Alcohol Addiction, Substance Misuse, Drug-Induced Injury, Accidental and IatrogenicStalkingSex Offenders, Sexual AssaultCriminal ResponsibilityHead TraumaHealing and Repair of Wounds and BonesHuman Rights, Controls and PrinciplesIdentification: Facial identification, Finger and Palm Prints, Footprints, Ear Prints, Challenges to FingerprintsForensic PhotographyRadiologyBlunt Force Injury, Burns and Scalds, Explosive Injury & Firearm Injury, Sharp and Cutting-Edge WoundsAgeing of Injuries, Postmortem ChangesMass Murder, Mass PoisoningsMedical Definitions of Death, Legal Definitions of DeathEuthanasia and Assisted SuicideAbortionMedical MalpracticeMedical Records, Documentation, Confidentiality and ObligationsCrime and Mental HealthMurder-SuicideNecrophiliaNeonaticideOdontologyParentage TestingRoad Traffic Accidents, Airbag-related Injuries and DeathsSobriety Tests and Drug RecognitionSerial MurderBlood Identification, Bloodstain Pattern AnalysisStarvationUrine Analysis, Hair Analysis, Alternative Body Fluids AnalysisSudden Natural DeathSuicide & Self-harm, Suicide Predictors and StatisticsTerrorism, TortureWar Crimes & Injuries… and many more