Dr Gunnar F. Nordberg, MD, PhD, is an emeritus Professor at Umea University, Umea, Sweden, where he served as chairman of the Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine for many years. He has also worked as a Professor and chair at the Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark and for periods of a year at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France and the University of North Carolina and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA. In his capacity as university professor, he tutored many PhD and master students in Environmental medicine, a number of them from countries around the world. He has published more than 300 papers in Scientific Journals and International Handbooks. In addition, he authored, edited or co-edited 24 Scientific Books and participated in International Task Groups evaluating Risks of Environmental Agents, which resulted in 30 international books or reports. Some of these publications resulted from his activities as a chairman of the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals, International Commission on Occupational Health. He is presently the Task Group Chairman of Cadmium Risk Assessment in the Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. His Scientific Publications are mainly on Toxicology and Epidemiology of environmental agents, particularly metals and the application of such data for Human Risk Assessment. He has coordinated EU- projects on Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology of Metals and participated as an active scientist in several such projects. He has been the principal investigator of many research projects funded by Swedish funding Agencies and is presently actively involved in such research. He is one of the editors of a Textbook in Swedish “Arbets- och Miljömedicin”, latest 4th edition 2019. Chief Editor, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 5th Ed, published 2021 by Academic Press/Elsevier. He has extensive experience as an expert serving Swedish and International Authorities, such as the Swedish National Board of Health (Socialstyrelsen), Japan Food Safety Agency, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) USA, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva/International Program on Chemical Safety/WHO Commission on Health and the Environment, Energy Panel; International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France, Europe/European Environment Agency, Copenhagen; European Medicines Agency, London; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy. Dr. Fowler is currently a private consultant and Co-owner of Toxicology Risk Assessment Consulting Services (TRACS), LLC. In addition, Dr. Fowler serves as an Adjunct Professor, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and Presidents Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) at the University of Alaska- Fairbanks. Dr. Fowler, is an internationally recognized expert on the toxicology of metals and has served on a number of State, National and International Committees in his areas of expertise. These include the Maryland Governor’s Council on Toxic Substances (Chair), various National Academy of Sciences / National Research Council Committees, including the 1993 landmark NAS/NRC Report on “Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants Children and Other Sensitive Populations” for which he served as the Committee Chair. He has also served on a number of review committees of the National Institutes of Health, the USEPA Science Advisory Board and the Fulbright Scholarship review committee for Scandinavia (Chair, 2000-2001). In 2016, he became an Inaugural Member of the Fulbright 1946 Society and in 2018 became a member of the Fulbright Association Board of Directors. He has also served as a temporary advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) and on working groups of the International Agency for Research Against Cancer (IARC) for a number of toxicology and risk assessment issues. He is presently appointed as a member of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for the period 2016-2020. Dr. Fowler has been honored as a Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), a Fulbright Scholar and Swedish Medical Research Council Visiting Professor at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences. His more recent awards include a CDC/ATSDR, Honor Award for Excellence in Leadership Award 2010, The US Pharmacopea (USP) Toxicology Committee 2010-2015 and the USP Elemental Impurities Panel which received the 2014 U.S. Pharmacopea Award for an Innovative Response to Public Health Challenges (Group Award). He is currently appointed to the USP Nanotechnology Subcommittee 2015-. Dr. Fowler was previously elected to the Council of the Society of Toxicology (2005-2007), the Board of Directors of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences (2006-2009), and more recently, to the Council of the Society for Risk Analysis (2014-2017). He is the Federal Legislative and National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association and (NARFE)-PAC Chair for the Rockville Maryland Chapter of NARFE and is currently Chair of the Federal Legislative Committee for the Maryland NARFE Federation. Dr. Fowler is the Past- President of the Rotary Club of North Bethesda, Maryland (2016-2017) and was selected as Rotarian of the Year in 2015 for his work in developing a taxi-based program to help persons with disabilities gain independence via reliable transportation to work. Dr. Fowler is the author of over 260 research papers and book chapters dealing with molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity, molecular biomarkers for early detection of metal-induced cell injury and application of computational toxicology for risk assessment. He has been the editor, co-editor or author of 10 books or monographs on metal toxicology and mechanisms of chemical – induced cell injury, molecular biomarkers and risk assessment and computational toxicology. Dr. Fowler is currently focused on the global problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in developing countries. He serves on the editorial boards of a number of scientific journals in toxicology and is an Associate Editor of the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology and a past Associate Editor of Environmental Health Perspectives (2007-2016).

"Risk Assessment for Human Metal Exposures is a timely publication that covers all aspects of risk assessment of metals, and provides a clear description of recent developments, novel approaches, and their application in evaluating risks of exposure to metals, be they essential trace metals purely toxic ones. New approaches covered include toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic models, biomonitoring strategies, Mode of Action (MoA) assessment, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) approaches, as well as mechanism of action considerations and specific approaches to the use of human data, particularly from epidemiological studies. It is an excellent piece of work, and a recommended read for risk assessment professionals." --Prof. Dr. Maged Younes, Former Director at WHO and UNEP"This book is an application of the combination of scientific information over time and the rich experience by the authors of risk assessment of metals for the health of humans. I would like to recommend to students, teachers, researchers and scientists working in toxicology and environmental epidemiology" --Taiyi Jin, MD, PhD, Professor and former Chair of the Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health , Fudan University, Shanghai, China"It is my pleasure to recommend the book, Risk Assessment for Human Metal Exposure: Mode of Action and Kinetic Approaches by Gunnar F. Nordberg and Bruce A. Fowler. The book is useful for both beginner and the advanced toxicologists. It presents information on the toxicology of metals in relation to human exposure, risk assessment, and health effects of the most widespread metal in occupational settings in a very concise way...It will be an asset for toxicologists, occupational hygienists, physicians, pharmaceutists, and students who want to broaden their knowledge further, as well as for those experienced readers who need to have access to the most current guidelines and methods of risk assessment.The authors, who are recognized experts in the field of metal toxicology, guarantee up-to-date information and current knowledge." --Natalia Pawlas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Medical University of Silesia, Poland, Scientific Committee on Toxicology of Metals, ICOH

• 1. Metal Exposures and Human Health – Historical development, Current Importance and Toxicological Concepts for Prevention2. Exposure, Internal Dose and Toxicokinetics (TK).3. Biomonitoring, Mode of Action (MOA), Target Dose and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)4. Hazard Identification and Assessment5. Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Assessment6. Dose-Response for Essential Metals and the Evaluation of Mixed Exposures7. Applied Risk Assessment, Hazard Assessment and Risk Management8. Examples of Risk Assessments of Human Metal Exposures and the need for MOA TKTD

Dr Gunnar F. Nordberg, MD, PhD, is an emeritus Professor at Umea University, Umea, Sweden, where he served as chairman of the Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine for many years. He has also worked as a Professor and chair at the Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark and for periods of a year at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France and the University of North Carolina and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA. In his capacity as university professor, he tutored many PhD and master students in Environmental medicine, a number of them from countries around the world. He has published more than 300 papers in Scientific Journals and International Handbooks. In addition, he authored, edited or co-edited 24 Scientific Books and participated in International Task Groups evaluating Risks of Environmental Agents, which resulted in 30 international books or reports. Some of these publications resulted from his activities as a chairman of the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals, International Commission on Occupational Health. He is presently the Task Group Chairman of Cadmium Risk Assessment in the Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. His Scientific Publications are mainly on Toxicology and Epidemiology of environmental agents, particularly metals and the application of such data for Human Risk Assessment. He has coordinated EU- projects on Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology of Metals and participated as an active scientist in several such projects. He has been the principal investigator of many research projects funded by Swedish funding Agencies and is presently actively involved in such research. He is one of the editors of a Textbook in Swedish “Arbets- och Miljömedicin”, latest 4th edition 2019. Chief Editor, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 5th Ed, published 2021 by Academic Press/Elsevier. He has extensive experience as an expert serving Swedish and International Authorities, such as the Swedish National Board of Health (Socialstyrelsen), Japan Food Safety Agency, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) USA, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva/International Program on Chemical Safety/WHO Commission on Health and the Environment, Energy Panel; International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France, Europe/European Environment Agency, Copenhagen; European Medicines Agency, London; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy. Dr. Fowler is currently a private consultant and Co-owner of Toxicology Risk Assessment Consulting Services (TRACS), LLC. In addition, Dr. Fowler serves as an Adjunct Professor, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and Presidents Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) at the University of Alaska- Fairbanks. Dr. Fowler, is an internationally recognized expert on the toxicology of metals and has served on a number of State, National and International Committees in his areas of expertise. These include the Maryland Governor’s Council on Toxic Substances (Chair), various National Academy of Sciences / National Research Council Committees, including the 1993 landmark NAS/NRC Report on “Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants Children and Other Sensitive Populations” for which he served as the Committee Chair. He has also served on a number of review committees of the National Institutes of Health, the USEPA Science Advisory Board and the Fulbright Scholarship review committee for Scandinavia (Chair, 2000-2001). In 2016, he became an Inaugural Member of the Fulbright 1946 Society and in 2018 became a member of the Fulbright Association Board of Directors. He has also served as a temporary advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) and on working groups of the International Agency for Research Against Cancer (IARC) for a number of toxicology and risk assessment issues. He is presently appointed as a member of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for the period 2016-2020. Dr. Fowler has been honored as a Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), a Fulbright Scholar and Swedish Medical Research Council Visiting Professor at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences. His more recent awards include a CDC/ATSDR, Honor Award for Excellence in Leadership Award 2010, The US Pharmacopea (USP) Toxicology Committee 2010-2015 and the USP Elemental Impurities Panel which received the 2014 U.S. Pharmacopea Award for an Innovative Response to Public Health Challenges (Group Award). He is currently appointed to the USP Nanotechnology Subcommittee 2015-. Dr. Fowler was previously elected to the Council of the Society of Toxicology (2005-2007), the Board of Directors of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences (2006-2009), and more recently, to the Council of the Society for Risk Analysis (2014-2017). He is the Federal Legislative and National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association and (NARFE)-PAC Chair for the Rockville Maryland Chapter of NARFE and is currently Chair of the Federal Legislative Committee for the Maryland NARFE Federation. Dr. Fowler is the Past- President of the Rotary Club of North Bethesda, Maryland (2016-2017) and was selected as Rotarian of the Year in 2015 for his work in developing a taxi-based program to help persons with disabilities gain independence via reliable transportation to work. Dr. Fowler is the author of over 260 research papers and book chapters dealing with molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity, molecular biomarkers for early detection of metal-induced cell injury and application of computational toxicology for risk assessment. He has been the editor, co-editor or author of 10 books or monographs on metal toxicology and mechanisms of chemical – induced cell injury, molecular biomarkers and risk assessment and computational toxicology. Dr. Fowler is currently focused on the global problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in developing countries. He serves on the editorial boards of a number of scientific journals in toxicology and is an Associate Editor of the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology and a past Associate Editor of Environmental Health Perspectives (2007-2016).

"Risk Assessment for Human Metal Exposures is a timely publication that covers all aspects of risk assessment of metals, and provides a clear description of recent developments, novel approaches, and their application in evaluating risks of exposure to metals, be they essential trace metals purely toxic ones. New approaches covered include toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic models, biomonitoring strategies, Mode of Action (MoA) assessment, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) approaches, as well as mechanism of action considerations and specific approaches to the use of human data, particularly from epidemiological studies. It is an excellent piece of work, and a recommended read for risk assessment professionals." --Prof. Dr. Maged Younes, Former Director at WHO and UNEP"This book is an application of the combination of scientific information over time and the rich experience by the authors of risk assessment of metals for the health of humans. I would like to recommend to students, teachers, researchers and scientists working in toxicology and environmental epidemiology" --Taiyi Jin, MD, PhD, Professor and former Chair of the Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health , Fudan University, Shanghai, China"It is my pleasure to recommend the book, Risk Assessment for Human Metal Exposure: Mode of Action and Kinetic Approaches by Gunnar F. Nordberg and Bruce A. Fowler. The book is useful for both beginner and the advanced toxicologists. It presents information on the toxicology of metals in relation to human exposure, risk assessment, and health effects of the most widespread metal in occupational settings in a very concise way...It will be an asset for toxicologists, occupational hygienists, physicians, pharmaceutists, and students who want to broaden their knowledge further, as well as for those experienced readers who need to have access to the most current guidelines and methods of risk assessment.The authors, who are recognized experts in the field of metal toxicology, guarantee up-to-date information and current knowledge." --Natalia Pawlas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Medical University of Silesia, Poland, Scientific Committee on Toxicology of Metals, ICOH

• 1. Metal Exposures and Human Health – Historical development, Current Importance and Toxicological Concepts for Prevention2. Exposure, Internal Dose and Toxicokinetics (TK).3. Biomonitoring, Mode of Action (MOA), Target Dose and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)4. Hazard Identification and Assessment5. Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Assessment6. Dose-Response for Essential Metals and the Evaluation of Mixed Exposures7. Applied Risk Assessment, Hazard Assessment and Risk Management8. Examples of Risk Assessments of Human Metal Exposures and the need for MOA TKTD