Monther Rashed Alfuraidan is Associate Professor of Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics & Statistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Michigan State University. He has written more than twenty articles on graph theory, algebraic graph theory and metric fixed point theory. He peer-reviewed many articles (among others) for: algebraic journal of combinatorics, Arabian Journal of Mathematics, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Journal of Inequality and Applications. Qamrul Hasan Ansari is Professor of Mathematics at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, and joint professor at King Fahd University of Petroleum \& Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He is an associate editor of Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Carpathian Journal of Mathematics. He also edited several special issues of several journals, namely, Journal of Global Optimization, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, Abstract and Applied Analysis, Journal of Inequalities and Applications, Applicable Analysis, Positivity, Filomat, etc. He has written more than 180 articles on variational inequalities, fixed point theory and applications, vector optimization, etc. in various international peer-reviewed journals. He has edited 6 books for Springer, Taylor & Francis and Narosa, India. He is an author of a book on Metric Spaces published by Narosa, India and has coauthored one book on Variational Inequalities and Nonsmooth Optimization for Taylor & Francis.

• Chapter 1: Caristi-Browder Operator Theory in Distance SpacesChapter 2: Iterative Approximation of Fixed Points of Single-valued Almost ContractionsChapter 3: Approximate Fixed PointsChapter 4: Viscosity Methods for Some Applied Nonlinear Analysis ProblemsChapter 5: Extragradient Methods for Some Nonlinear ProblemsChapter 6: Iterative Methods for Nonexpansive Type MappingsChapter 7: Metric Fixed Point Theory in Spaces with a GraphChapter 8: The Use of Retractions in the Fixed Point Theory for Ordered Sets

Monther Rashed Alfuraidan is Associate Professor of Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics & Statistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Michigan State University. He has written more than twenty articles on graph theory, algebraic graph theory and metric fixed point theory. He peer-reviewed many articles (among others) for: algebraic journal of combinatorics, Arabian Journal of Mathematics, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Journal of Inequality and Applications. Qamrul Hasan Ansari is Professor of Mathematics at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, and joint professor at King Fahd University of Petroleum \& Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He is an associate editor of Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Carpathian Journal of Mathematics. He also edited several special issues of several journals, namely, Journal of Global Optimization, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, Abstract and Applied Analysis, Journal of Inequalities and Applications, Applicable Analysis, Positivity, Filomat, etc. He has written more than 180 articles on variational inequalities, fixed point theory and applications, vector optimization, etc. in various international peer-reviewed journals. He has edited 6 books for Springer, Taylor & Francis and Narosa, India. He is an author of a book on Metric Spaces published by Narosa, India and has coauthored one book on Variational Inequalities and Nonsmooth Optimization for Taylor & Francis.

• Chapter 1: Caristi-Browder Operator Theory in Distance SpacesChapter 2: Iterative Approximation of Fixed Points of Single-valued Almost ContractionsChapter 3: Approximate Fixed PointsChapter 4: Viscosity Methods for Some Applied Nonlinear Analysis ProblemsChapter 5: Extragradient Methods for Some Nonlinear ProblemsChapter 6: Iterative Methods for Nonexpansive Type MappingsChapter 7: Metric Fixed Point Theory in Spaces with a GraphChapter 8: The Use of Retractions in the Fixed Point Theory for Ordered Sets

Monther Rashed Alfuraidan is Associate Professor of Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics & Statistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Michigan State University. He has written more than twenty articles on graph theory, algebraic graph theory and metric fixed point theory. He peer-reviewed many articles (among others) for: algebraic journal of combinatorics, Arabian Journal of Mathematics, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Journal of Inequality and Applications. Qamrul Hasan Ansari is Professor of Mathematics at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, and joint professor at King Fahd University of Petroleum \& Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He obtained his Ph.D. (Mathematics) from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He is an associate editor of Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Fixed Point Theory and Applications and Carpathian Journal of Mathematics. He also edited several special issues of several journals, namely, Journal of Global Optimization, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, Abstract and Applied Analysis, Journal of Inequalities and Applications, Applicable Analysis, Positivity, Filomat, etc. He has written more than 180 articles on variational inequalities, fixed point theory and applications, vector optimization, etc. in various international peer-reviewed journals. He has edited 6 books for Springer, Taylor & Francis and Narosa, India. He is an author of a book on Metric Spaces published by Narosa, India and has coauthored one book on Variational Inequalities and Nonsmooth Optimization for Taylor & Francis.

• Chapter 1: Caristi-Browder Operator Theory in Distance SpacesChapter 2: Iterative Approximation of Fixed Points of Single-valued Almost ContractionsChapter 3: Approximate Fixed PointsChapter 4: Viscosity Methods for Some Applied Nonlinear Analysis ProblemsChapter 5: Extragradient Methods for Some Nonlinear ProblemsChapter 6: Iterative Methods for Nonexpansive Type MappingsChapter 7: Metric Fixed Point Theory in Spaces with a GraphChapter 8: The Use of Retractions in the Fixed Point Theory for Ordered Sets