Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas

Saeid Mokhatab is an internationally recognized process technology expert in the fields of natural gas transmission, processing, and liquefaction. For over two decades, he has been actively involved in various phases of several large-scale midstream natural gas projects—from conceptual design through facility start-up and operational support. Beyond project work, he has provided strategic guidance and technical expertise to a number of international companies in Canada and Europe. He has made significant contributions to his fields of expertise through more than 300 technical papers and 4 authoritative reference books published by Elsevier. Notably, two of these books have been translated into multiple languages and are widely regarded as essential resources in both industry and academia. Driven by a passion to bridge the gap between industry and academia, he established an international peer-reviewed journal dedicated to natural gas science and engineering, which has since become a leading publication in the discipline. His contributions also extend to editorial roles with top-tier journals and industry publications, as well as active participation in professional societies and global conferences. John Y. Mak is a Senior Fellow and Technical Director at Fluor, the United States, and leads the technology and design development for Fluor chemical and energy division. He is the technical expert and SME with Fluor for over 40 years and has been leading major oil and gas, petrochemical and refinery projects from conceptual designs, feasibility studies, FEED development, detailed engineering, to plant start-up and performance testing. John has made contributions to innovations in natural gas treating and processing, NGL recovery, LNG liquefaction and regasification, synthesis gas purification, and carbon capture methods. John is the co-author of the Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas, first edition (2013) published by Elsevier, the United States. He has published over 80 technical papers and has frequently presented his findings at technical conferences such as GPA Midstream Convention, GPA Europe, Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, LNG Summit, Offshore Technology Conference, GASTECH, and China Coal Forum. John is the inventor of over 90 patents and patent pending processes. John is specializing in more complex NGL recovery designs for conventional and unconventional gases, treating high CO2 content gases using physical solvents, acid gas removal with amines, cryogenic nitrogen rejection and helium recovery. Jaleel V. Valappil is a senior engineering specialist with Bechtel Oil, Gas & Chemicals in Houston, TX, USA. He has several years of experience in process simulation, advanced process control and optimization of various processes including LNG. Before joining Bechtel, he was a senior consulting engineer with the Advanced Control Services Group of Aspen Technology Inc., where he was responsible for developing and implementing advanced control and optimization solutions for a variety of processes. He has worked extensively on developing and deploying process simulation models for applications in design, engineering, and operations of LNG plant built by Bechtel in collaboration with Conoco Phillips over the years. He identified the benefits of lifecycle modeling for LNG plants and its use for plant design, operability/controllability studies, startup simulations and Operator Training Simulators, multi-train LNG facility debottlenecking and operational troubleshooting. Dr. Valappil has also developed and deployed Advanced Process Control technology for LNG processes, for plants in engineering stage and plants that are already operating. He has published several papers on LNG plant simulation and control in both industry conferences and journals and holds patents related to LNG plant control and turbo-machinery operation. David A. Wood has more than forty years of international gas, oil, and broader energy experience since gaining his Ph.D. in geosciences from Imperial College London in the 1970s. His expertise covers multiple fields including subsurface geoscience and engineering relating to oil and gas exploration and production, energy supply chain technologies, and efficiencies. For the past two decades, David has worked as an independent international consultant, researcher, training provider, and expert witness. He has published an extensive body of work on geoscience, engineering, energy, and machine learning topics. He currently consults and conducts research on a variety of technical and commercial aspects of energy and environmental issues through his consultancy, DWA Energy Limited. He has extensive editorial experience as a founding editor of Elsevier’s Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering in 2008/9 then serving as Editor-in-Chief from 2013 to 2016. He is currently Co-Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Geo-Energy Research.

"This book is a great primer on all aspects of the LNG Industry. It contains the key information we all search for in a single location and it does an excellent job of highlighting the key considerations that must be taken into account for any LNG project in development." --Tom Phalen, Vice President of Upstream Project Operations, Fluor, USA"As well as covering some topics rarely discussed and hard to find in the literature, the complex elements of the LNG industry are fully addressed in a straightforward fashion that makes the book appealing to all parties who are involved in the global LNG business." --Philip Hunter, Senior LNG Consultant, Bechtel, UK"This is the first book which has filled all the gaps in the treatment of complete LNG supply chain from conceptual to commissioning and beyond. I will highly recommend it as a textbook for any Natural Gas graduate degree program anywhere." --Dr. Suresh C. Sharma, Professor and Director of Natural Gas Engineering and Management, University of Oklahoma, USA"This comprehensive handbook provides practical guidance for all professionals in the LNG industry while maintaining as much rigor as possible. I believe academic institutions that have courses in natural gas engineering should consider this handbook as a textbook." --Dr. Kenneth R. Hall, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA "This book will be a welcome addition to libraries for anyone in the LNG Business from commercial, technical or operational. Even a brief review of the Table of Contents leaves one with a WOW and wondering where to start as it covers all the areas that one would want to either review or dive into something new. I highly recommend this valuable resource." --David Messersmith, Bechtel Fellow and Manager of LNG Technology Group, Bechtel OG&C, USA"This well-balanced handbook is the only book of its kind, covering all aspects of the LNG supply chain in more detail. I highly recommend it as an excellent reference for all professionals, engineers, and scientists working in the LNG industry, and as a textbook for graduate students in the gas engineering curriculum." --Dr. Brian F. Towler, Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and CEAS Fellow for Hydrocarbon Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, USA"This book is an important contribution to the professional literature in the crucial area of the emerging energy scene, offering a complete coverage of key topics in the LNG supply chain. The complete, accurate, and easy-to-use description of issues is also extended to cross-cut controversial topics such as LNG safety. The book provides an excellent access to a number of design guidelines and operating procedures, which makes it a standalone reference for LNG industry professionals and a state-of-theart textbook for graduate programs on the subject." --Dr. Valerio Cozzani, Professor of Chemical Engineering and Director of Post-Graduate Program on Oil & Gas Process Design, University of Bologna, Italy"It is the first book on LNG supply chain management and gives an accurate picture of where the LNG industry stands today. This high-quality, comprehensive book provides a better understanding of LNG plant design and operational considerations and covers subject areas missed by other references in these areas. I believe it is a valuable addition to the literature and will serve as a desk reference for practicing engineers and technologists, and as an excellent source of teaching and learning in undergraduate and graduate programs on the subject area." --Dr. Faisal Khan, Professor and Vale Research Chair of Safety and Risk Engineering Memorial University, Canada

• 1. LNG Fundamentals2. Feed Conditioning and NGL Recovery Technologies3. Natural Gas Liquefaction4. Energy and Exergy Analyses of Refrigeration/Liquefaction Cycles5. Natural Gas Liquefaction Cycle Enhancements and Optimization6. Process Control and Automation of LNG Plants7. LNG Plant and Regasification Terminal Operations8. Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of LNG Plants 9. LNG Safety and Security Aspects10. Advances and Innovations in LNG Industry11. LNG Project Management Appendix1. An LNG Primer – Basic Facts and Myths Surrounding the Industry2. Modeling the Phase Behavior of LNG Systems with Equations of State 3. LNG Plant Relief and Flare Systems Design Guidelines