User's Guide to Engineering, A

Häftad, Engelska, 2006

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Beskrivning

With an informal and engaging writing style, A User’s Guide to Engineering is an exploration of the world of engineering for future and current engineers. An important feature of this guide is the collection of engineering case studies which present stories of engineers faced with challenges that can be solved by applying the fundamental ideas presented in the book.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2006-02-23
Mått:206 x 254 x 17 mm
Vikt:676 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:384
Upplaga:1
Förlag:Pearson Education
ISBN:9780131480254

Utforska kategorier

Teknik: allmänt inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Innehållsförteckning

Part I: Discovering Engineering Chapter 1: About Discovering Engineering 1.1 IntroductionFocus On Choosing Engineering: So Why Did You Become an Engineer?1.2 Welcome to Engineering1.3 How to Discover EngineeringFocus On Diversity in Engineering: The Real McCoy?1.4 Engineering Education: What You Should Expect1.4.1 Eaton’s first rule: “ ... make practical applications of all the sciences ...”1.4.2 Eaton’s second rule: “... take the place of the teacher ... [in] exercises.”1.4.3 Eaton’s third rule: “... attend to but one branch of learning at the same time...” 1.4.4 Eaton’s fourth rule: “Let the amusements and recreation of students be of a scientific character.” 1.4.5 Eaton’s fifth rule: “Let every student daily criticize those whose exercise he has attended ...”1.5 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 2: What is Engineering? 2.1 Introduction2.2 Defining Engineering2.3 Engineering as an Applied Discipline2.3.1 Knowledge generation versus knowledge implementation2.3.2 The role of engineering2.4 Engineering As Creative Problem Solving2.4.1 Solving problems2.4.2 Standard approaches to solving problems2.4.3 Creative approaches to solving problems2.5 Engineering as Constrained Optimization2.5.1 Constraints2.5.2 FeasibilityFocus On Constrained Optimization: A Square Peg in a Round Hole2.6 Engineering as Making Choices2.7 Engineering as Helping Others2.8 Engineering as a Profession2.9 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 3: Engineering Careers 3.1 Introduction3.2 Engineering Jobs3.2.1 Availability of jobs3.2.2 Introduction to engineering jobs3.2.3 Engineers in industry3.2.4 Engineers in service3.2.5 Engineers in government3.2.6 Other engineering jobs3.2.7 Engineering education as a route to other fieldsFocus On Non-Engineers: It’s Not Hedy, It’s Hedley3.3 Job Satisfaction in Engineering3.3.1 What does “job satisfaction” mean to you?3.3.2 Engineering salaries3.4 Future of Engineering Employment3.5 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 4: Engineering Disciplines 4.1 Introduction4.2 How Many Engineering Disciplines Exist?4.3 Chemical Engineering4.3.1 Technical areas4.3.2 Applications4.3.3 Curriculum4.4 Civil Engineering4.3.1 Technical areas4.3.2 Applications4.3.3 Curriculum4.5 Electrical Engineering4.5.1 Technical areas4.5.2 Applications4.5.3 Curriculum4.6 Industrial Engineering4.6.1 Technical areas4.6.2 Applications4.6.3 Curriculum4.7 Mechanical Engineering4.7.1 Technical areas4.7.2 Applications4.7.3 Curriculum4.8 Major Engineering Subdisciplines4.8.1 Introduction4.8.2 Materials engineering4.8.3 Aeronautical, astronautical, and aerospace engineering4.8.4 Environmental engineering4.8.5 Agricultural engineering4.8.6 Biomedical engineering4.9 How Do New Engineering Disciplines Evolve?4.9.1 Introduction4.9.2 Creation of new field by budding4.9.3 Creation of new field by mergingFocus On Emerging Disciplines: So You Want to Be a Nanoengineer?4.10 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Part II: Engineering Problem Solving Chapter 5: Introduction to Engineering Problem Solving and the Scientific Method 5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Engineering problems5.1.2 The art and science of engineering problem-solving5.1.3 Engineering solution methods5.2 Approaches to Engineering Problem Solving5.2.1 Introduction5.2.2 Scientific method5.2.3 Engineering analysis method5.2.4 Engineering design method5.2.5 Need for innovation5.3 Introduction to the Scientific Method5.3.1 Introduction5.3.2. Scientific problem-solving process5.4 Problem Definition5.4.1 Introduction5.4.2 Inclusive and exclusive definitions5.4.3 Disadvantages of definitions that are not specific5.5 Formulate a Hypothesis5.5.1 Introduction5.5.2 Hypotheses as testable statements5.6 Test the Hypothesis5.6.1 Testing a hypothesis by experiment5.6.2 Testing a hypothesis by analysis5.7 Drawing Conclusions from Hypothesis Testing5.7.1 Rejecting a hypothesis5.7.2 Conditionally accepting a hypothesis5.8 Examples of the Use of the Scientific Method5.9 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 6: Engineering Analysis Method 6.1 Introduction6.1.1 Introduction to the engineering analysis method6.1.2 Solving analysis problems6.2 Gathering Data6.2.1 Introduction6.2.2 Data collection6.3 Selecting the Analysis Method6.3.1 Introduction6.3.2 Selection of physical laws6.3.3 Translation into mathematical expressions6.4 Estimate the Solution6.4.1 Introduction6.4.2 Example6.5 Solving the Problem6.5.1 Solving mathematical expressions by isolating the unknown6.5.2 “Golden Rule” of expression manipulation6.5.3 Manipulating inequalities6.5.4 Hints for manipulating equations6.6 Check the Results6.6.1 Introduction6.6.2 Use logic to avoid aphysical answers6.6.3 Using logic to check expression manipulation6.6.4 Using estimation to check solutions6.6.5 Using units to check solutions6.7 Units6.7.1 Introduction6.7.2 Dimensional analysisFocus On Units: The Multimillion Dollar Units Mistake6.7.3 Units and functions6.7.4 Units conversion6.8 An Example of the Engineering Analysis Method6.9 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 7: Engineering Design Method 7.1 Introduction7.1.1 Introduction to engineering design7.1.2 Solving design problems7.2 Generating Multiple Solutions7.2.1 Introduction7.2.2 Brainstorming7.2.3 Methods for generating new ideas7.3 Analyzing Alternatives and Selecting a Solution7.3.1 Analyzing alternatives7.3.2 Selecting a solution7.4 Implementing the Solution7.5 Evaluating the Solution7.6 Design Example7.7 Design Parameters7.7.1 Introduction7.7.2 Example7.7.3 Uses of design parameters7.8 Innovations in Design7.8.1 Introduction7.8.2 Need for innovation7.8.3 Design innovation by concurrent engineering7.8.4 Design innovation by reengineering7.8.5 Design innovation by reverse engineering7.8.6 How to innovate7.8.7 Translating failure into success through innovationFocus On Design: What Comes Around, Goes Around7.9 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Part III: Engineering Problem-Solving Tools Chapter 8: Introduction to Engineering Problem-Solving Tools and Using Data 8.1 Introduction8.1.1 Engineering problem-solving tools8.1.2 Using data8.2 Accuracy and Precision8.2.1 Introduction8.2.2 Accuracy8.2.3 Precision8.3 Rounding and Significant Digits8.3.1 Introduction8.3.2 Counting the number of significant digits8.3.3 Exceptions to the rule: numbers with no decimal point and exact numbers8.3.4 Reporting measurements8.3.5 Rounding and calculations8.4 Measures of Central Tendency8.4.1 Introduction8.4.2 Arithmetic mean8.4.3 Median8.4.4 Geometric mean8.4.5 Harmonic mean8.4.6 Quadratic mean8.4.7 Mode8.5 Measures of Variability8.5.1 Introduction8.5.2 Variance8.5.3 Standard deviation8.5.4 Relative standard deviation8.5.5 Variability and data collection in engineeringFocus On Variability: Paying to Reduce Uncertainty8.6 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 9: Engineering Models 9.1 Introduction9.2 Why Use Models?9.3 Types of Models9.3.1 Introduction9.3.2 Conceptual models9.3.3 Physical models9.3.4 Mathematical models9.3.5 Other kinds of modelsFocus On Models: Mathematical or Physical Model?9.4 Using Models and Data to Answer Engineering Questions9.4.1 Interplay of models and data9.4.2 Potential errors9.4.3 Model fits9.4.4 Using calibrated models9.4.5 Determining model fit9.4.6 Are engineering models real?9.5 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 10: Computing Tools in Engineering 10.1 Introduction10.2 Computer Hardware10.2.1 Computer types10.2.2 Microprocessors10.2.3 Memory and mass storage10.2.4 Input, output, and communication devices10.3 General Computer Software10.3.1 Introduction10.3.2 Operating systems10.3.3 Communications software10.3.4 Spreadsheet software10.4 Engineering and Science Specific Software10.4.1 Introduction10.4.2 Programming software10.4.3 Trends in programming software10.4.4 Symbolic math software10.4.5 Computer-aided design10.4.6 Discipline-specific software10.5 The Internet10.5.1 Introduction10.5.2 Structure of the Internet10.5.3 Uses of the Internet10.6 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 11: Feasibility and Project Management 11.1 Introduction11.2 Technical Feasibility11.3 Engineering Economics11.3.1 Costs of engineering projects11.3.2 Time value of money11.3.3 Calculating the present and future value of money11.3.4 Uniform series11.3.5 Engineering economics calculations11.4 Economic Feasibility11.4.1 Introduction11.4.2 Comparing alternatives11.4.3 Example11.5 Fiscal Feasibility11.5.1 Introduction11.5.2 Bonds11.5.3 Example11.6 Social, Political, and Environmental Feasibility11.7 Project Management11.7.1 Introduction11.7.2 Project planning11.7.3 Project scheduling11.7.4 Critical path method11.8 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Part IV: Technical Communication Chapter 12: Introduction to Technical Communication 12.1 Introduction12.2 Role of Technical Communication in Engineering12.2.1 Technical communication as a professional skill12.2.2 Technical communication and employment12.3 Misconceptions About Technical Communication12.3.1 Misconception #1: Technical communication is inherently boring12.3.2 Misconception #2: Engineering communication is passive12.3.3 Misconception #3: Technical communication is best left to non-engineering specialists12.3.4 Misconception #4: Good technical communicators are born, not made12.4 Critical First Steps12.4.1 Presentation goals12.4.2 Target audience12.4.3 Constraints12.5 Organization12.5.1 Outlines12.5.2 Signposting12.6 Using Tables and Figures to Present Data12.6.1 Use of tables and figures12.6.2 Common characteristics of tables and figures12.7 Tables12.8 Figures12.8.1 Scatter plots12.8.2 Bar charts12.8.3 Pie chartsFocus On Figures: Of Plots and Space Shuttles12.9 Creativity in Technical Presentations12.9.1 Creative conciseness12.9.2 Thinking visually12.10 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 13: Written Technical Communications 13.1 Introduction13.2 Overall Organization of Technical Documents13.2.1 Introduction13.2.2 General organization13.2.3 Abstract13.2.4 Introduction13.2.5 Methods13.2.6 Results and discussion13.2.7 Conclusions and recommendations13.2.8 References13.2.9 Signposting in technical writing13.3 Organizing Parts of Technical Documents13.3.1 Paragraph organization13.3.2 Sentence organization13.3.3 Word choice13.4 Grammar and Spelling13.4.1 Subject-verb match13.4.2 Voice13.4.3 Tense13.4.4 Pronouns13.4.5 Adjectives and adverbs13.4.6 Capitalization and punctuation13.4.7 Spelling13.4.8 Citation13.4.9 Other problem areas13.4.10 Proofreading13.5 Types of Engineering Documents13.5.1 Introduction13.5.2 Reports13.5.3 Letters13.5.4 MemorandumsFocus On Writing: Whither Paper Reports?13.6 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 14: Oral Technical Communications 14.1 Introduction14.2 Before the Talk: Organization14.3 Before the Talk: Designing Visual Aids14.3.1 Number of visual aids14.3.2 Types of visual aids14.3.3 Content of visual aids: word slides14.3.4 Content of visual aids: data slides14.3.5 Special notes about computer-based presentations 14.4 Before the Talk: Preparing to Present14.4.1 Practicing oral presentations14.4.2 Memory aids14.5 During the Talk14.5.1 Pre-talk activities14.5.2 Group presentations14.5.3 Nervousness14.5.4 What to say14.5.5 How to say itFocus On Talks: Horror Stories14.6 After the Talk14.7 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Part V: Engineering Profession Chapter 15: Introduction to the Engineering Profession and Professional Registration 15.1 Introduction15.2 Professional Issues15.2.1 What is a profession?15.2.2 Engineering as a profession15.2.3 Judgment and discretion in engineering15.2.4 Admission to the profession15.2.5 Self-policingFocus On Professionalism: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants15.3 Professional Engineers15.3.1 Introduction15.3.2 Why Become a professional engineer?15.4 The Registration Process15.4.1 Overview15.4.2 The accredited degree15.4.3 Fundamentals of Engineering Examination15.4.4 Experience15.4.5 Principles and Practice ExaminationFocus On Registration: PE or Not PE?15.5 After Registration15.6 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblems Chapter 16: Engineering Ethics 16.1 Introduction16.2 Why Should Engineers Be Ethical?16.3 Codes of Ethics16.3.1 Introduction16.3.2 NSPE Code of Ethics16.4 Examples of Engineering Ethics16.4.1 Not reporting violations16.4.2 Whistle-blowingFocus On Ethics: Workplace Ethics16.5 SummarySummary of Key IdeasProblemsNSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers Part VI: Case Studies in Engineering Chapter 17: Introduction to the Engineering Case Studies 17.1 Introduction17.2 Case Studies in this Text17.2.1 Introduction17.2.2 Using the case studies17.3 Summary Chapter 18: Millennium Bridge Case Study 18.1 Introduction18.2 The Story18.3 The Case Study18.3.1 Introduction18.3.2 Case study18.3.3 Reporting18.4 Study Questions18.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingSummary of Key IdeasDefault Grading Scheme: Millennium Bridge Case Study Chapter 19: Controllability Case Study 19.1 Introduction19.2 The Story19.3 The Case Study19.3.1 Introduction19.3.2 Case study19.3.3 Modeling19.3.4 Reporting19.4 Study Questions19.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Controllability Case Study Chapter 20: Dissolution Case Study 20.1 Introduction20.2 The Story20.3 The Case Study20.3.1 Introduction20.3.2 Case study20.3.3 Reporting20.4 Study Questions20.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Dissolution Case Study Chapter 21: Computer Workstation Case Study 21.1 Introduction21.2 The Story21.3 The Case Study21.3.1 Introduction21.3.2 Case study21.3.3 Reporting21.4 Study Questions21.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Computer Workstation Case Study Chapter 22: Power Transmission Case Study 22.1 Introduction22.2 The Story22.3 The Case Study22.3.1 Introduction22.3.2 Case study22.3.3 Reporting22.4 Study Questions22.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Power Transmission Case Study Chapter 23: Walkway Collapse Case Study 23.1 Introduction23.2 The Story23.3 The Case Study23.3.1 Introduction23.3.2 Case study23.3.3 Reporting23.4 Study Questions23.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Walkway Collapse Case Study Chapter 24: Trebuchet Case Study 24.1 Introduction24.2 The Story24.3 The Case Study24.3.1 Introduction24.3.2 Case study24.3.3 Reporting24.4 Study Questions24.5 Acknowledgements and Further ReadingDefault Grading Scheme: Trebuchet Case Study Appendix A: Review of Physical Relationships A.1 Introduction A.2 Definitions A.2.1 Kinematic parameters A.2.2 Fundamental forces A.2.3 Other forces A.2.4 Energy, work, and power A.3 Decomposition by Vectors A.3.1 Position vectors A.3.2 Other vectors A.4 Conservation Laws A.5 Gradient-driven Processes Appendix B: Greek Alphabet in Engineering, Science, and Mathematics Appendix C: Linear Regression C.1 Introduction C.2 Linear Regression Analysis C.3 Calculating Linear Regression Coefficients Appendix D: Using Solver D.1 IntroductionD.2 Using Solver for Model FittingD.2.1 IntroductionD.2.2 Setting up the spreadsheetD.2.3 Finding optimal parameter valuesD.3 Using Solver with ConstraintsD.3.1 IntroductionD.3.2 Finding optimal parameter values with constraintsD.4 Final Thoughts on Optimization Appendix E: Extended Trebuchet Analysis E.1 IntroductionE.2 AnalysisE.2.1 IntroductionE.2.2 Revised kinematic equationsE.2.3 Dependency on d and l/LE.2.4 Results Appendix F: References and Bibliographies F.1 ReferencesF.2 Annotated Bibliography: Technical CommunicationF.3 Bibliographies for Focus Ons

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