Joyce LeFever Kee received her Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Nursing degrees from the University of Maryland and earned 36 postgraduate credits from the University of Delaware. She was an instructor at the University of Maryland for 4 years and instructor to associate professor at the University of Delaware for 27 years, where she taught in both undergraduate- and graduate-level programs. She retired as Associate Professor Emerita from the University of Delaware. The subjects she taught included pharmacology, pathophysiology, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and medical-surgical nursing in the classroom and clinical areas. Joyce is a member of the Sigma Theta Tau Nursing Honor Society and the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society. She received the Excellence in Teaching Award from and was inducted into the Mentor’s Circle at the University of Delaware. Kee has given numerous lectures and presentations throughout the United States from 1970 to 1990. She has written various articles, particularly on fluids and electrolytes, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and research projects, in the American Journal of Nursing, Nursing Clinics of North America, Nursing Journal, and Critical Care Quarterly. She has participated in several research studies on “Identification of Hypertensive Young Adults.” Kee has authored and coauthored several texts and reference books, including Fluids and Electrolytes with Clinical Applications (2010); Handbook of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (2010); Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed (2013); Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 9th edition (2014); Clinical Calculations in General and Specialty Areas, 8th ed (2016); and Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach, 8th ed (2015). She has developed Testbank booklet, Instructor’s Manual, and Study Guide for some of the texts. Joyce and her husband have enjoyed traveling to most parts of the world such as Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Great Britain, Russia, Greece, Italy, France, Turkey, Africa, South America, Egypt, Spain, India, Scandinavian countries, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and others. They enjoy Florida in the winter.

• Notice of Privacy PracticesPreface  AcknowledgmentsContributors and ConsultantsIntroductionDifferences in Reference Values Between Men and Women PART ONE: LABORATORY TESTS Considerations for Use of Laboratory Tests List of Laboratory Tests Laboratory Tests PART TWO: DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Considerations for Use of Diagnostic Tests List of Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic Tests PART THREE: SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES: EDUCATION, SCREENING, AND TESTING PART FOUR: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING Appendix A: Health Problems with Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Appendix B: Laboratory Test Values for Adults and Children Appendix C: CT and MRI Contrast   Bibliography Index

Joyce LeFever Kee received her Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Nursing degrees from the University of Maryland and earned 36 postgraduate credits from the University of Delaware. She was an instructor at the University of Maryland for 4 years and instructor to associate professor at the University of Delaware for 27 years, where she taught in both undergraduate- and graduate-level programs. She retired as Associate Professor Emerita from the University of Delaware. The subjects she taught included pharmacology, pathophysiology, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and medical-surgical nursing in the classroom and clinical areas. Joyce is a member of the Sigma Theta Tau Nursing Honor Society and the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society. She received the Excellence in Teaching Award from and was inducted into the Mentor’s Circle at the University of Delaware. Kee has given numerous lectures and presentations throughout the United States from 1970 to 1990. She has written various articles, particularly on fluids and electrolytes, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and research projects, in the American Journal of Nursing, Nursing Clinics of North America, Nursing Journal, and Critical Care Quarterly. She has participated in several research studies on “Identification of Hypertensive Young Adults.” Kee has authored and coauthored several texts and reference books, including Fluids and Electrolytes with Clinical Applications (2010); Handbook of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (2010); Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed (2013); Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 9th edition (2014); Clinical Calculations in General and Specialty Areas, 8th ed (2016); and Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach, 8th ed (2015). She has developed Testbank booklet, Instructor’s Manual, and Study Guide for some of the texts. Joyce and her husband have enjoyed traveling to most parts of the world such as Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Great Britain, Russia, Greece, Italy, France, Turkey, Africa, South America, Egypt, Spain, India, Scandinavian countries, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and others. They enjoy Florida in the winter.

• Notice of Privacy PracticesPreface  AcknowledgmentsContributors and ConsultantsIntroductionDifferences in Reference Values Between Men and Women PART ONE: LABORATORY TESTS Considerations for Use of Laboratory Tests List of Laboratory Tests Laboratory Tests PART TWO: DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Considerations for Use of Diagnostic Tests List of Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic Tests PART THREE: SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES: EDUCATION, SCREENING, AND TESTING PART FOUR: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING Appendix A: Health Problems with Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Appendix B: Laboratory Test Values for Adults and Children Appendix C: CT and MRI Contrast   Bibliography Index

Joyce LeFever Kee received her Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Nursing degrees from the University of Maryland and earned 36 postgraduate credits from the University of Delaware. She was an instructor at the University of Maryland for 4 years and instructor to associate professor at the University of Delaware for 27 years, where she taught in both undergraduate- and graduate-level programs. She retired as Associate Professor Emerita from the University of Delaware. The subjects she taught included pharmacology, pathophysiology, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and medical-surgical nursing in the classroom and clinical areas. Joyce is a member of the Sigma Theta Tau Nursing Honor Society and the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society. She received the Excellence in Teaching Award from and was inducted into the Mentor’s Circle at the University of Delaware. Kee has given numerous lectures and presentations throughout the United States from 1970 to 1990. She has written various articles, particularly on fluids and electrolytes, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and research projects, in the American Journal of Nursing, Nursing Clinics of North America, Nursing Journal, and Critical Care Quarterly. She has participated in several research studies on “Identification of Hypertensive Young Adults.” Kee has authored and coauthored several texts and reference books, including Fluids and Electrolytes with Clinical Applications (2010); Handbook of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (2010); Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed (2013); Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 9th edition (2014); Clinical Calculations in General and Specialty Areas, 8th ed (2016); and Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach, 8th ed (2015). She has developed Testbank booklet, Instructor’s Manual, and Study Guide for some of the texts. Joyce and her husband have enjoyed traveling to most parts of the world such as Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Great Britain, Russia, Greece, Italy, France, Turkey, Africa, South America, Egypt, Spain, India, Scandinavian countries, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and others. They enjoy Florida in the winter.

• Notice of Privacy PracticesPreface  AcknowledgmentsContributors and ConsultantsIntroductionDifferences in Reference Values Between Men and Women PART ONE: LABORATORY TESTS Considerations for Use of Laboratory Tests List of Laboratory Tests Laboratory Tests PART TWO: DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Considerations for Use of Diagnostic Tests List of Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic Tests PART THREE: SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES: EDUCATION, SCREENING, AND TESTING PART FOUR: THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING Appendix A: Health Problems with Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Appendix B: Laboratory Test Values for Adults and Children Appendix C: CT and MRI Contrast   Bibliography Index