Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

About our author Mikell P. Groover is Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Lehigh University, where he taught and did research for 44 years. He received his B.A. in Arts and Science (1961), B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (1962), M.S. in Industrial Engineering (1966), and Ph.D. (1969), all from Lehigh. His industrial experience includes several years as a manufacturing engineer before embarking on graduate studies.His teaching and research areas include manufacturing processes, production systems, automation, material handling, facilities planning, and work systems. He has received a number of teaching awards at Lehigh University, as well as the Albert G. Holzman Outstanding Educator Award from the Institute of Industrial Engineers (1995) and the SME Education Award from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (2001). His publications include over 85 technical articles and books. His books are used throughout the world and have been translated into French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. The 1st edition of Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing received the IIE Joint Publishers Award (1996) and the M. Eugene Merchant Manufacturing Textbook Award from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (1996).Dr. Groover is a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE) and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). He is a Fellow of IIE and SME.

• Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Production Systems1.2 Automation in Production Systems1.3 Manual Labor in Production Systems1.4 Automation Principles and Strategies1.5 About This BookPART I OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING Chapter 2 MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS 2.1 Manufacturing Industries and Products2.2 Manufacturing Operations2.3 Production Facilities2.4 Product/Production RelationshipsChapter 3 MANUFACTURING METRICS AND ECONOMICS 3.1 Production Performance Metrics3.2 Manufacturing CostsPART II AUTOMATION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION 4.1 Basic Elements of an Automated System4.2 Advanced Automation Functions4.3 Levels of Automation4.4 Automation and Artificial IntelligenceChapter 5 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 5.1 Process Industries versus Discrete Manufacturing Industries5.2 Continuous versus Discrete Control5.3 Computer Process ControlChapter 6 HARDWARE COMPONENTS FOR AUTOMATION AND PROCESS CONTROL 6.1 Sensors6.2 Actuators6.3 Analog—Digital Conversions6.4 Input/Output Devices for Discrete DataChapter 7 COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL 7.1 Fundamentals of NC Technology7.2 Computers and Numerical Control7.3 Applications of NC7.4 Analysis of Positioning Systems7.5 NC Part Programming7.6 CNC Trends and DevelopmentsAppendix 7A: Coding for Manual Part ProgrammingChapter 8 INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS 8.1 Robot Anatomy and Related Attributes8.2 Robot Control Systems8.3 End Effectors8.4 Applications of Industrial Robots8.5 Economic Justification of Industrial Robots8.6 Robot Programming8.7 Robot Accuracy and RepeatabilityChapter 9 DISCRETE CONTROL AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS 9.1 Discrete Process Control9.2 Ladder Logic Diagrams9.3 Programmable Logic Controllers9.4 Personal Computers and Programmable Automation ControllersPART III MATERIAL HANDLING AND IDENTIFICATION Chapter 10 MATERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 10.1 Overview of Material Handling10.2 Material Transport Equipment10.3 Analysis of Material Transport SystemsChapter 11 STORAGE SYSTEMS 11.1 Overview to Storage Systems11.2 Conventional Storage Methods and Equipment11.3 Automated Storage Systems11.4 Analysis of Storage SystemsChapter 12 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION AND DATA CAPTURE 12.1 Overview of Automatic Identification Methods12.2 Bar Code TechnologyPART IV MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS Chapter 13 OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 13.1 Components of a Manufacturing System13.2 Types of Manufacturing SystemsChapter 14 SINGLE-STATION MANUFACTURING CELLS 14.1 Single-Station Manned Cells14.2 Single-Station Automated Cells14.3 Applications of Single-Station Cells14.4 Analysis of Single-Station CellsChapter 15 MULTI-STATION MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: MANUAL ASSEMBLY LINES 15.1 Fundamentals of Manual Assembly Lines15.2 Analysis of Single-Model Assembly Lines15.3 Line Balancing Algorithms15.4 Workstation Details15.5 Other Considerations in Assembly Line Design15.6 Alternative Assembly SystemsAppendix 15A Batch-Model and Mixed-Model LinesChapter 16 MULTI-STATION MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: AUTOMATED PRODUCTION LINES 16.1 Fundamentals of Automated Production Lines16.2 Applications of Automated Production Lines16.3 Analysis of Transfer LinesAppendix 16A Transfer Lines with Internal StorageChapter 17 AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS 17.1 Fundamentals of Automated Assembly Systems17.2 Analysis of Automated Assembly SystemsChapter 18 GROUP TECHNOLOGY AND CELLULAR MANUFACTURING 18.1 Part Families and Machine Groups18.2 Cellular Manufacturing18.3 Applications of Group Technology18.4 Analysis of Cellular ManufacturingAppendix 18A Opitz Parts Classification and Coding SystemChapter 19 MULTI-STATION MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: AUTOMATED FOR FLEXIBILITY 19.1 Manufacturing Flexibility Defined19.2 Components of an FM19.3 Analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems19.4 Alternative Approaches to Flexible ManufacturingPART V QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 20 QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR MANUFACTURING 20.1 Quality in Design and Manufacturing20.2 Traditional and Modern Quality Control20.3 Process Variability and Process Capability20.4 Statistical Process Control20.5 Six Sigma20.6 Taguchi Methods in Quality Engineering20.7 ISO 9000Appendix 20A The Six Sigma DMAIC ProcedureChapter 21 INSPECTION PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 21.1 Inspection Fundamentals21.2 Sampling versus 100% Inspection21.3 Automated Inspection21.4 When and Where to Inspect21.5 Analysis of Inspection SystemsChapter 22 INSPECTION TECHNOLOGIES 22.1 Inspection Metrology22.2 Conventional Measuring and Gaging Techniques22.3 Coordinate Measuring Machines22.4 Surface Measurement22.5 Machine Vision22.6 Other Optical Inspection Methods22.7 Noncontact Nonoptical Inspection TechniquesAppendix 22A Geometric Feature ConstructionPART VI MANUFACTURING SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING Chapter 23 PRODUCT DESIGN AND CAD/CAM IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM 23.1 Product Design and CAD23.2 CAM, CAD/CAM, and CIMChapter 24 PROCESS PLANNING AND CONCURRENT ENGINEERING 24.1 Process Planning24.2 Computer-Aided Process Planning24.3 Concurrent Engineering and Design for Manufacturing24.4 Advanced Manufacturing PlanningChapter 25 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 25.1 Aggregate Production Planning and the Master Production Schedule25.2 Material Requirements Planning25.3 Capacity Planning25.4 Shop Floor Control25.5 Inventory Control25.6 Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)25.7 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Chapter 26 JUST-IN-TIME AND LEAN PRODUCTION 26.1 Lean Production and Waste in Manufacturing26.2 Just-in-Time Production Systems26.3 Autonomation26.4 Worker InvolvementAppendix Answers to Selected Problems